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<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/1-ndarray.html">Manipulate data with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/2-nn.html">Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Automatic differentiation with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autograd</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/4-train.html">Train the neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/5-predict.html">Predict with a pre-trained model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/6-use_gpus.html">Use GPUs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom_layer_beginners.html">Customer Layers (Beginners)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Spatial-Augmentation">Spatial Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Color-Augmentation">Color Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Composed-Augmentations">Composed Augmentations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/image-augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/pretrained_models.html">Using pre-trained models in MXNet</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/train.html">Train a Linear Regression Model with Sparse Symbols</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/train_gluon.html">Sparse NDArrays with Gluon</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/super_resolution.html">Importing an ONNX model into MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/index.html">Intel MKL-DNN</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_quantization.html">Quantize with MKL-DNN backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_quantization.html#Improving-accuracy-with-Intel®-Neural-Compressor">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_readme.html">Install MXNet with MKL-DNN</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/tensorrt/index.html">TensorRT</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/tensorrt/tensorrt.html">Optimizing Deep Learning Computation Graphs with TensorRT</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/1-ndarray.html">Manipulate data with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/2-nn.html">Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Automatic differentiation with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autograd</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/4-train.html">Train the neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/5-predict.html">Predict with a pre-trained model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/6-use_gpus.html">Use GPUs</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom_layer_beginners.html">Customer Layers (Beginners)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Spatial-Augmentation">Spatial Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Color-Augmentation">Color Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Composed-Augmentations">Composed Augmentations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/image-augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/pretrained_models.html">Using pre-trained models in MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
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<h1>Source code for mxnet.gluon.loss</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="c1"># Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one</span>
<span class="c1"># or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file</span>
<span class="c1"># distributed with this work for additional information</span>
<span class="c1"># regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file</span>
<span class="c1"># to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the</span>
<span class="c1"># &quot;License&quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance</span>
<span class="c1"># with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,</span>
<span class="c1"># software distributed under the License is distributed on an</span>
<span class="c1"># &quot;AS IS&quot; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY</span>
<span class="c1"># KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the</span>
<span class="c1"># specific language governing permissions and limitations</span>
<span class="c1"># under the License.</span>
<span class="c1"># coding: utf-8</span>
<span class="c1"># pylint: disable=arguments-differ</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot; losses for training neural networks &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">__all__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Loss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;L2Loss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;L1Loss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SigmoidBCELoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SoftmaxCELoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;KLDivLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;CTCLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;HuberLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;HingeLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;SquaredHingeLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;LogisticLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;TripletLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;PoissonNLLLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;CosineEmbeddingLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SDMLLoss&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..base</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">numeric_types</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.block</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..util</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Apply weighting to loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> loss : Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> The loss to be weighted.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight : Symbol or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Per sample weighting. Must be broadcastable to</span>
<span class="sd"> the same shape as loss. For example, if loss has</span>
<span class="sd"> shape (64, 10) and you want to weight each sample</span>
<span class="sd"> in the batch separately, `sample_weight` should have</span>
<span class="sd"> shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> loss : Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> Weighted loss</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_mul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">weight</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numeric_types</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;weight must be a number&quot;</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">weight</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">loss</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Reshapes x to the same shape as y.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">F</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Loss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.Loss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Base class for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">weight</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1">(batch_axis=</span><span class="si">{_batch_axis}</span><span class="s1">, w=</span><span class="si">{_weight}</span><span class="s1">)&#39;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__dict__</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Loss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.Loss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Overrides to construct symbolic graph for this `Block`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> x : Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> The first input tensor.</span>
<span class="sd"> *args : list of Symbol or list of NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> Additional input tensors.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># pylint: disable= invalid-name</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="L2Loss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.L2Loss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">L2Loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates the mean squared error between `label` and `pred`.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math:: L = \frac{1}{2} \sum_i \vert {label}_i - {pred}_i \vert^2.</span>
<span class="sd"> `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same</span>
<span class="sd"> number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: target tensor with the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L2Loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="L2Loss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.L2Loss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndim</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">batch_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="L1Loss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.L1Loss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">L1Loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates the mean absolute error between `label` and `pred`.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math:: L = \sum_i \vert {label}_i - {pred}_i \vert.</span>
<span class="sd"> `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same</span>
<span class="sd"> number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: target tensor with the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L1Loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="L1Loss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.L1Loss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndim</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">batch_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;The cross-entropy loss for binary classification. (alias: SigmoidBCELoss)</span>
<span class="sd"> BCE loss is useful when training logistic regression. If `from_sigmoid`</span>
<span class="sd"> is False (default), this loss computes:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> prob = \frac{1}{1 + \exp(-{pred})}</span>
<span class="sd"> L = - \sum_i {label}_i * \log({prob}_i) * pos\_weight +</span>
<span class="sd"> (1 - {label}_i) * \log(1 - {prob}_i)</span>
<span class="sd"> If `from_sigmoid` is True, this loss computes:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = - \sum_i {label}_i * \log({pred}_i) * pos\_weight +</span>
<span class="sd"> (1 - {label}_i) * \log(1 - {pred}_i)</span>
<span class="sd"> A tensor `pos_weight &gt; 1` decreases the false negative count, hence increasing</span>
<span class="sd"> the recall.</span>
<span class="sd"> Conversely setting `pos_weight &lt; 1` decreases the false positive count and</span>
<span class="sd"> increases the precision.</span>
<span class="sd"> `pred` and `label` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same</span>
<span class="sd"> number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> from_sigmoid : bool, default is `False`</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether the input is from the output of sigmoid. Set this to false will make</span>
<span class="sd"> the loss calculate sigmoid and BCE together, which is more numerically</span>
<span class="sd"> stable through log-sum-exp trick.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: target tensor with values in range `[0, 1]`. Must have the</span>
<span class="sd"> same size as `pred`.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pos_weight**: a weighting tensor of positive examples. Must be a vector with length</span>
<span class="sd"> equal to the number of classes.For example, if pred has shape (64, 10),</span>
<span class="sd"> pos_weight should have shape (1, 10).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_sigmoid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_sigmoid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">from_sigmoid</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pos_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">relu_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span>
<span class="n">act_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span>
<span class="n">abs_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span>
<span class="n">mul_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">multiply</span>
<span class="n">log_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">relu_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span>
<span class="n">act_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span>
<span class="n">abs_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span>
<span class="n">mul_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_mul</span>
<span class="n">log_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_sigmoid</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pos_weight</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># We use the stable formula: max(x, 0) - x * z + log(1 + exp(-abs(x)))</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">relu_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">+</span> \
<span class="n">act_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">abs_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">act_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;softrelu&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># We use the stable formula: x - x * z + (1 + z * pos_weight - z) * \</span>
<span class="c1"># (log(1 + exp(-abs(x))) + max(-x, 0))</span>
<span class="n">log_weight</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">mul_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pos_weight</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">log_weight</span> <span class="o">*</span> \
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">act_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">abs_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">act_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;softrelu&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">relu_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">eps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1e-12</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pos_weight</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">eps</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span>
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">log_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">eps</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mul_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">eps</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pos_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">log_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">eps</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndim</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">batch_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<span class="n">SigmoidBCELoss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SigmoidBinaryCrossEntropyLoss</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Computes the softmax cross entropy loss. (alias: SoftmaxCELoss)</span>
<span class="sd"> If `sparse_label` is `True` (default), label should contain integer</span>
<span class="sd"> category indicators:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> \DeclareMathOperator{softmax}{softmax}</span>
<span class="sd"> p = \softmax({pred})</span>
<span class="sd"> L = -\sum_i \log p_{i,{label}_i}</span>
<span class="sd"> `label`&#39;s shape should be `pred`&#39;s shape with the `axis` dimension removed.</span>
<span class="sd"> i.e. for `pred` with shape (1,2,3,4) and `axis = 2`, `label`&#39;s shape should</span>
<span class="sd"> be (1,2,4).</span>
<span class="sd"> If `sparse_label` is `False`, `label` should contain probability distribution</span>
<span class="sd"> and `label`&#39;s shape should be the same with `pred`:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> p = \softmax({pred})</span>
<span class="sd"> L = -\sum_i \sum_j {label}_j \log p_{ij}</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> axis : int, default -1</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis to sum over when computing softmax and entropy.</span>
<span class="sd"> sparse_label : bool, default True</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether label is an integer array instead of probability distribution.</span>
<span class="sd"> from_logits : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether input is a log probability (usually from log_softmax) instead</span>
<span class="sd"> of unnormalized numbers.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: the prediction tensor, where the `batch_axis` dimension</span>
<span class="sd"> ranges over batch size and `axis` dimension ranges over the number</span>
<span class="sd"> of classes.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: the truth tensor. When `sparse_label` is True, `label`&#39;s</span>
<span class="sd"> shape should be `pred`&#39;s shape with the `axis` dimension removed.</span>
<span class="sd"> i.e. for `pred` with shape (1,2,3,4) and `axis = 2`, `label`&#39;s shape</span>
<span class="sd"> should be (1,2,4) and values should be integers between 0 and 2. If</span>
<span class="sd"> `sparse_label` is False, `label`&#39;s shape must be the same as `pred`</span>
<span class="sd"> and values should be floats in the range `[0, 1]`.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as label. For example, if label has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sparse_label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axis</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_sparse_label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sparse_label</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">log_softmax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log_softmax</span>
<span class="n">pick</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pick</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">log_softmax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log_softmax</span>
<span class="n">pick</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pick</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">log_softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_sparse_label</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">keepdims</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">keepdims</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndim</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">batch_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<span class="n">SoftmaxCELoss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="KLDivLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.KLDivLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">KLDivLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;The Kullback-Leibler divergence loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> KL divergence measures the distance between contiguous distributions. It</span>
<span class="sd"> can be used to minimize information loss when approximating a distribution.</span>
<span class="sd"> If `from_logits` is True (default), loss is defined as:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i {label}_i * \big[\log({label}_i) - {pred}_i\big]</span>
<span class="sd"> If `from_logits` is False, loss is defined as:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> \DeclareMathOperator{softmax}{softmax}</span>
<span class="sd"> prob = \softmax({pred})</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i {label}_i * \big[\log({label}_i) - \log({prob}_i)\big]</span>
<span class="sd"> `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same</span>
<span class="sd"> number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> from_logits : bool, default is `True`</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether the input is log probability (usually from log_softmax) instead</span>
<span class="sd"> of unnormalized numbers.</span>
<span class="sd"> axis : int, default -1</span>
<span class="sd"> The dimension along with to compute softmax. Only used when `from_logits`</span>
<span class="sd"> is False.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape. If `from_logits` is</span>
<span class="sd"> True, `pred` should be log probabilities. Otherwise, it should be</span>
<span class="sd"> unnormalized predictions, i.e. from a dense layer.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: truth tensor with values in range `(0, 1)`. Must have</span>
<span class="sd"> the same size as `pred`.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> References</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> `Kullback-Leibler divergence</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback-Leibler_divergence&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">KLDivLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axis</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="KLDivLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.KLDivLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log_softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_axis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">1e-12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="CTCLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.CTCLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CTCLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> layout : str, default &#39;NTC&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> Layout of prediction tensor. &#39;N&#39;, &#39;T&#39;, &#39;C&#39; stands for batch size,</span>
<span class="sd"> sequence length, and alphabet_size respectively.</span>
<span class="sd"> label_layout : str, default &#39;NT&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> Layout of the labels. &#39;N&#39;, &#39;T&#39; stands for batch size, and sequence</span>
<span class="sd"> length respectively.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: unnormalized prediction tensor (before softmax).</span>
<span class="sd"> Its shape depends on `layout`. If `layout` is &#39;TNC&#39;, pred</span>
<span class="sd"> should have shape `(sequence_length, batch_size, alphabet_size)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Note that in the last dimension, index `alphabet_size-1` is reserved</span>
<span class="sd"> for internal use as blank label. So `alphabet_size` is one plus the</span>
<span class="sd"> actual alphabet size.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: zero-based label tensor. Its shape depends on `label_layout`.</span>
<span class="sd"> If `label_layout` is &#39;TN&#39;, `label` should have shape</span>
<span class="sd"> `(label_sequence_length, batch_size)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred_lengths**: optional (default None), used for specifying the</span>
<span class="sd"> length of each entry when different `pred` entries in the same batch</span>
<span class="sd"> have different lengths. `pred_lengths` should have shape `(batch_size,)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label_lengths**: optional (default None), used for specifying the</span>
<span class="sd"> length of each entry when different `label` entries in the same batch</span>
<span class="sd"> have different lengths. `label_lengths` should have shape `(batch_size,)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: output loss has shape `(batch_size,)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> **Example**: suppose the vocabulary is `[a, b, c]`, and in one batch we</span>
<span class="sd"> have three sequences &#39;ba&#39;, &#39;cbb&#39;, and &#39;abac&#39;. We can index the labels as</span>
<span class="sd"> `{&#39;a&#39;: 0, &#39;b&#39;: 1, &#39;c&#39;: 2, blank: 3}`. Then `alphabet_size` should be 4,</span>
<span class="sd"> where label 3 is reserved for internal use by `CTCLoss`. We then need to</span>
<span class="sd"> pad each sequence with `-1` to make a rectangular `label` tensor::</span>
<span class="sd"> [[1, 0, -1, -1],</span>
<span class="sd"> [2, 1, 1, -1],</span>
<span class="sd"> [0, 1, 0, 2]]</span>
<span class="sd"> References</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> `Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented</span>
<span class="sd"> Sequence Data with Recurrent Neural Networks</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~graves/icml_2006.pdf&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;NTC&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;NT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">layout</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;NTC&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;TNC&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>\
<span class="s2">&quot;Only &#39;NTC&#39; and &#39;TNC&#39; layouts for pred are supported. Got: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">layout</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">label_layout</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;NT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;TN&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>\
<span class="s2">&quot;Only &#39;NT&#39; and &#39;TN&#39; layouts for label are supported. Got: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">label_layout</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">layout</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label_layout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label_layout</span>
<span class="n">batch_axis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label_layout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CTCLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="CTCLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.CTCLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">pred_lengths</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label_lengths</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layout</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;NTC&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swapaxes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swapaxes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CTCLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred_lengths</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label_lengths</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">use_data_lengths</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pred_lengths</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">use_label_lengths</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label_lengths</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">blank_label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;last&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="HuberLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.HuberLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HuberLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates smoothed L1 loss that is equal to L1 loss if absolute error</span>
<span class="sd"> exceeds rho but is equal to L2 loss otherwise. Also called SmoothedL1 loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i \begin{cases} \frac{1}{2 {rho}} ({label}_i - {pred}_i)^2 &amp;</span>
<span class="sd"> \text{ if } |{label}_i - {pred}_i| &lt; {rho} \\</span>
<span class="sd"> |{label}_i - {pred}_i| - \frac{{rho}}{2} &amp;</span>
<span class="sd"> \text{ otherwise }</span>
<span class="sd"> \end{cases}</span>
<span class="sd"> `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same</span>
<span class="sd"> number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> rho : float, default 1</span>
<span class="sd"> Threshold for trimmed mean estimator.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: target tensor with the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rho</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HuberLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rho</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rho</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="HuberLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.HuberLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rho</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rho</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rho</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="HingeLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.HingeLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HingeLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates the hinge loss function often used in SVMs:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i max(0, {margin} - {pred}_i \cdot {label}_i)</span>
<span class="sd"> where `pred` is the classifier prediction and `label` is the target tensor</span>
<span class="sd"> containing values -1 or 1. `label` and `pred` must have the same number of</span>
<span class="sd"> elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> margin : float</span>
<span class="sd"> The margin in hinge loss. Defaults to 1.0</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: truth tensor with values -1 or 1. Must have the same size</span>
<span class="sd"> as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">margin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HingeLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">margin</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="HingeLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.HingeLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SquaredHingeLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SquaredHingeLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SquaredHingeLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates the soft-margin loss function used in SVMs:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i max(0, {margin} - {pred}_i \cdot {label}_i)^2</span>
<span class="sd"> where `pred` is the classifier prediction and `label` is the target tensor</span>
<span class="sd"> containing values -1 or 1. `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as</span>
<span class="sd"> long as they have the same number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> margin : float</span>
<span class="sd"> The margin in hinge loss. Defaults to 1.0</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: truth tensor with values -1 or 1. Must have the same size</span>
<span class="sd"> as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">margin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SquaredHingeLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">margin</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SquaredHingeLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SquaredHingeLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="LogisticLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.LogisticLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LogisticLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates the logistic loss (for binary losses only):</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i \log(1 + \exp(- {pred}_i \cdot {label}_i))</span>
<span class="sd"> where `pred` is the classifier prediction and `label` is the target tensor</span>
<span class="sd"> containing values -1 or 1 (0 or 1 if `label_format` is binary).</span>
<span class="sd"> `label` and `pred` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> label_format : str, default &#39;signed&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> Can be either &#39;signed&#39; or &#39;binary&#39;. If the label_format is &#39;signed&#39;, all label values should</span>
<span class="sd"> be either -1 or 1. If the label_format is &#39;binary&#39;, all label values should be either</span>
<span class="sd"> 0 or 1.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: truth tensor with values -1/1 (label_format is &#39;signed&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> or 0/1 (label_format is &#39;binary&#39;). Must have the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,). Dimenions other than</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis are averaged out.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label_format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;signed&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LogisticLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label_format</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label_format</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;signed&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;binary&quot;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;label_format can only be signed or binary, recieved </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">.&quot;</span>
<span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">label_format</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="LogisticLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.LogisticLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label_format</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;signed&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span> <span class="c1"># Transform label to be either 0 or 1</span>
<span class="c1"># Use a stable formula in computation</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">+</span> \
<span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">act_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;softrelu&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="TripletLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.TripletLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TripletLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates triplet loss given three input tensors and a positive margin.</span>
<span class="sd"> Triplet loss measures the relative similarity between a positive</span>
<span class="sd"> example, a negative example, and prediction:</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i \max(\Vert {pos_i}_i - {pred} \Vert_2^2 -</span>
<span class="sd"> \Vert {neg_i}_i - {pred} \Vert_2^2 + {margin}, 0)</span>
<span class="sd"> `positive`, `negative`, and &#39;pred&#39; can have arbitrary shape as long as they</span>
<span class="sd"> have the same number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> margin : float</span>
<span class="sd"> Margin of separation between correct and incorrect pair.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: prediction tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **positive**: positive example tensor with arbitrary shape. Must have</span>
<span class="sd"> the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **negative**: negative example tensor with arbitrary shape Must have</span>
<span class="sd"> the same size as pred.</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,).</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">margin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TripletLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">margin</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="TripletLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.TripletLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">positive</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">negative</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">positive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">positive</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">negative</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">negative</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">positive</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">negative</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exclude</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="PoissonNLLLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.PoissonNLLLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">PoissonNLLLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;For a target (Random Variable) in a Poisson distribution, the function calculates the Negative</span>
<span class="sd"> Log likelihood loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> PoissonNLLLoss measures the loss accrued from a poisson regression prediction made by the model.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \text{pred} - \text{target} * \log(\text{pred}) +\log(\text{target!})</span>
<span class="sd"> `target`, &#39;pred&#39; can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> from_logits : boolean, default True</span>
<span class="sd"> indicating whether log(predicted) value has already been computed. If True, the loss is computed as</span>
<span class="sd"> :math:`\exp(\text{pred}) - \text{target} * \text{pred}`, and if False, then loss is computed as</span>
<span class="sd"> :math:`\text{pred} - \text{target} * \log(\text{pred}+\text{epsilon})`.The default value</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> compute_full: boolean, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Indicates whether to add an approximation(Stirling factor) for the Factorial term in the formula for the loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> The Stirling factor is:</span>
<span class="sd"> :math:`\text{target} * \log(\text{target}) - \text{target} + 0.5 * \log(2 * \pi * \text{target})`</span>
<span class="sd"> epsilon: float, default 1e-08</span>
<span class="sd"> This is to avoid calculating log(0) which is not defined.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **pred**: Predicted value</span>
<span class="sd"> - **target**: Random variable(count or number) which belongs to a Poisson distribution.</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as pred. For example, if pred has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: Average loss (shape=(1,1)) of the loss tensor with shape (batch_size,).</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">compute_full</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PoissonNLLLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">from_logits</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_compute_full</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">compute_full</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="PoissonNLLLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.PoissonNLLLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">epsilon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1e-08</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_from_logits</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pred</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pred</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">epsilon</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_compute_full</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Using numpy&#39;s pi value</span>
<span class="n">stirling_factor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">*</span> \
<span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">target_gt_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">stirling_factor</span> <span class="o">*=</span> <span class="n">target_gt_1</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">stirling_factor</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="CosineEmbeddingLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.CosineEmbeddingLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CosineEmbeddingLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;For a target label 1 or -1, vectors input1 and input2, the function computes the cosine distance</span>
<span class="sd"> between the vectors. This can be interpreted as how similar/dissimilar two input vectors are.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. math::</span>
<span class="sd"> L = \sum_i \begin{cases} 1 - {cos\_sim({input1}_i, {input2}_i)} &amp; \text{ if } {label}_i = 1\\</span>
<span class="sd"> {cos\_sim({input1}_i, {input2}_i)} &amp; \text{ if } {label}_i = -1 \end{cases}\\</span>
<span class="sd"> cos\_sim(input1, input2) = \frac{{input1}_i.{input2}_i}{||{input1}_i||.||{input2}_i||}</span>
<span class="sd"> `input1`, `input2` can have arbitrary shape as long as they have the same number of elements.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> margin : float</span>
<span class="sd"> Margin of separation between correct and incorrect pair.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **input1**: a tensor with arbitrary shape</span>
<span class="sd"> - **input2**: another tensor with same shape as pred to which input1 is</span>
<span class="sd"> compared for similarity and loss calculation</span>
<span class="sd"> - **label**: A 1-D tensor indicating for each pair input1 and input2, target label is 1 or -1</span>
<span class="sd"> - **sample_weight**: element-wise weighting tensor. Must be broadcastable</span>
<span class="sd"> to the same shape as input1. For example, if input1 has shape (64, 10)</span>
<span class="sd"> and you want to weigh each sample in the batch separately,</span>
<span class="sd"> sample_weight should have shape (64, 1).</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: The loss tensor with shape (batch_size,).</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">margin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CosineEmbeddingLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">margin</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="CosineEmbeddingLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.CosineEmbeddingLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">input1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_reshape_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">cos_sim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cosine_similarity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">y_minus_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">cos_sim_a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">cos_sim</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">y_1</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">z_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">z_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">cos_sim_b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_maximum</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">z_array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_minus_1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cos_sim</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_margin</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cos_sim_a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">cos_sim_b</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_apply_weighting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sample_weight</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">loss</span></div>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_cosine_similarity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># Calculates the cosine similarity between 2 vectors</span>
<span class="n">x_norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">y_norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">x_dot_y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">F</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">eps_arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">1e-12</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">eps_arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">full</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mf">1e-12</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_dot_y</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_maximum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_norm</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">y_norm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">eps_arr</span><span class="p">))</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SDMLLoss"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SDMLLoss">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SDMLLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Loss</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calculates Batchwise Smoothed Deep Metric Learning (SDML) Loss given two input tensors and a smoothing weight</span>
<span class="sd"> SDM Loss learns similarity between paired samples by using unpaired samples in the minibatch</span>
<span class="sd"> as potential negative examples.</span>
<span class="sd"> The loss is described in greater detail in</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;Large Scale Question Paraphrase Retrieval with Smoothed Deep Metric Learning.&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> - by Bonadiman, Daniele, Anjishnu Kumar, and Arpit Mittal. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.12786 (2019).</span>
<span class="sd"> URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.12786.pdf</span>
<span class="sd"> According to the authors, this loss formulation achieves comparable or higher accuracy to</span>
<span class="sd"> Triplet Loss but converges much faster.</span>
<span class="sd"> The loss assumes that the items in both tensors in each minibatch</span>
<span class="sd"> are aligned such that x1[0] corresponds to x2[0] and all other datapoints in the minibatch are unrelated.</span>
<span class="sd"> `x1` and `x2` are minibatches of vectors.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> smoothing_parameter : float</span>
<span class="sd"> Probability mass to be distributed over the minibatch. Must be &lt; 1.0.</span>
<span class="sd"> weight : float or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Global scalar weight for loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> batch_axis : int, default 0</span>
<span class="sd"> The axis that represents mini-batch.</span>
<span class="sd"> Inputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **x1**: Minibatch of data points with shape (batch_size, vector_dim)</span>
<span class="sd"> - **x2**: Minibatch of data points with shape (batch_size, vector_dim)</span>
<span class="sd"> Each item in x2 is a positive sample for the same index in x1.</span>
<span class="sd"> That is, x1[0] and x2[0] form a positive pair, x1[1] and x2[1] form a positive pair - and so on.</span>
<span class="sd"> All data points in different rows should be decorrelated</span>
<span class="sd"> Outputs:</span>
<span class="sd"> - **loss**: loss tensor with shape (batch_size,).</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">smoothing_parameter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SDMLLoss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_axis</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kl_loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">KLDivLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from_logits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">smoothing_parameter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smoothing_parameter</span> <span class="c1"># Smoothing probability mass</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_compute_distances</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> This function computes the euclidean distance between every vector</span>
<span class="sd"> in the two batches in input.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># extracting sizes expecting [batch_size, dim]</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span>
<span class="c1"># expanding both tensor form [batch_size, dim] to [batch_size, batch_size, dim]</span>
<span class="n">x1_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expand_dims</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_to</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">x2_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expand_dims</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">broadcast_to</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># pointwise squared differences</span>
<span class="n">squared_diffs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1_</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">x2_</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1"># sum of squared differences distance</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">squared_diffs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_compute_labels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> The function creates the label matrix for the loss.</span>
<span class="sd"> It is an identity matrix of size [BATCH_SIZE x BATCH_SIZE]</span>
<span class="sd"> labels:</span>
<span class="sd"> [[1, 0]</span>
<span class="sd"> [0, 1]]</span>
<span class="sd"> after the proces the labels are smoothed by a small amount to</span>
<span class="sd"> account for errors.</span>
<span class="sd"> labels:</span>
<span class="sd"> [[0.9, 0.1]</span>
<span class="sd"> [0.1, 0.9]]</span>
<span class="sd"> Pereyra, Gabriel, et al. &quot;Regularizing neural networks by penalizing</span>
<span class="sd"> confident output distributions.&quot; arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.06548 (2017).</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">gold</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eye</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gold</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">smoothing_parameter</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">gold</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">smoothing_parameter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">labels</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> the function computes the kl divergence between the negative distances</span>
<span class="sd"> (internally it compute a softmax casting into probabilities) and the</span>
<span class="sd"> identity matrix.</span>
<span class="sd"> This assumes that the two batches are aligned therefore the more similar</span>
<span class="sd"> vector should be the one having the same id.</span>
<span class="sd"> Batch1 Batch2</span>
<span class="sd"> President of France French President</span>
<span class="sd"> President of US American President</span>
<span class="sd"> Given the question president of France in batch 1 the model will</span>
<span class="sd"> learn to predict french president comparing it with all the other</span>
<span class="sd"> vectors in batch 2</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_compute_labels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">distances</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_compute_distances</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">log_probabilities</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log_softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">distances</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># PR#18423:multiply for the number of labels should multiply x1.shape[1] rather than x1.shape[0])</span>
<span class="c1"># After PR#18423, it is no need to multiply it anymore.</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kl_loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_probabilities</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_in_context</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">distances</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">))</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="SDMLLoss.hybrid_forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/loss/index.html#mxnet.gluon.loss.SDMLLoss.hybrid_forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_loss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div>
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