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<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/1-ndarray.html">Manipulate data with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/2-nn.html">Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Automatic differentiation with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autograd</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/4-train.html">Train the neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/5-predict.html">Predict with a pre-trained model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/6-use_gpus.html">Use GPUs</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom_layer_beginners.html">Customer Layers (Beginners)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Spatial-Augmentation">Spatial Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Color-Augmentation">Color Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Composed-Augmentations">Composed Augmentations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/image-augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/pretrained_models.html">Using pre-trained models in MXNet</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/gotchas_numpy_in_mxnet.html">Gotchas using NumPy in Apache MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/index.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/csr.html">CSRNDArray - NDArray in Compressed Sparse Row Storage Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/row_sparse.html">RowSparseNDArray - NDArray for Sparse Gradient Updates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/train.html">Train a Linear Regression Model with Sparse Symbols</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/sparse/train_gluon.html">Sparse NDArrays with Gluon</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/index.html">ONNX</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/fine_tuning_gluon.html">Fine-tuning an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/inference_on_onnx_model.html">Running inference on MXNet/Gluon from an ONNX model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/onnx/super_resolution.html">Importing an ONNX model into MXNet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/deploy/export/onnx.html">Export ONNX Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/optimizer/index.html">Optimizers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/viz/index.html">Visualization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/visualize_graph">Visualize networks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/index.html">Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/compression/index.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/compression/int8.html">Deploy with int-8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/float16">Float16</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/faq/gradient_compression">Gradient Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference external" href="https://gluon-cv.mxnet.io/build/examples_deployment/int8_inference.html">GluonCV with Quantized Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/index.html">Accelerated Backend Tools</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/index.html">Intel MKL-DNN</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_quantization.html">Quantize with MKL-DNN backend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_quantization.html#Improving-accuracy-with-Intel®-Neural-Compressor">Improving accuracy with Intel® Neural Compressor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/mkldnn/mkldnn_readme.html">Install MXNet with MKL-DNN</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/tensorrt/index.html">TensorRT</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/tensorrt/tensorrt.html">Optimizing Deep Learning Computation Graphs with TensorRT</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/tvm.html">Use TVM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/profiler.html">Profiling MXNet Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/performance/backend/amp.html">Using AMP: Automatic Mixed Precision</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/index.html">Python Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/index.html">Crash Course</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/1-ndarray.html">Manipulate data with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/2-nn.html">Create a neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/3-autograd.html">Automatic differentiation with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autograd</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/4-train.html">Train the neural network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/5-predict.html">Predict with a pre-trained model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/crash-course/6-use_gpus.html">Use GPUs</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/index.html">Moving to MXNet from Other Frameworks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/to-mxnet/pytorch.html">PyTorch vs Apache MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/gluon_from_experiment_to_deployment.html">Gluon: from experiment to deployment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/getting-started/logistic_regression_explained.html">Logistic regression explained</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">MNIST</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/index.html">Packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/autograd/index.html">Automatic Differentiation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/index.html">Gluon</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/index.html">Blocks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom-layer.html">Custom Layers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/custom_layer_beginners.html">Customer Layers (Beginners)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/hybridize.html">Hybridize</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/init.html">Initialization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html">Parameter and Block Naming</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/nn.html">Layers and Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/parameters.html">Parameter Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html">Saving and Loading Gluon Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/activations/activations.html">Activation Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/index.html">Data Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Spatial-Augmentation">Spatial Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Color-Augmentation">Color Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/data_augmentation.html#Composed-Augmentations">Composed Augmentations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html">Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-included-Datasets">Using own data with included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Using-own-data-with-custom-Datasets">Using own data with custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dataset</span></code>s</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/data/datasets.html#Appendix:-Upgrading-from-Module-DataIter-to-Gluon-DataLoader">Appendix: Upgrading from Module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataIter</span></code> to Gluon <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataLoader</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/index.html">Image Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/image-augmentation.html">Image Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/info_gan.html">Image similarity search with InfoGAN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/mnist.html">Handwritten Digit Recognition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/image/pretrained_models.html">Using pre-trained models in MXNet</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/index.html">Losses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/custom-loss.html">Custom Loss Blocks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/kl_divergence.html">Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/loss/loss.html">Loss functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/index.html">Text Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/gnmt.html">Google Neural Machine Translation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/text/transformer.html">Machine Translation with Transformer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/index.html">Training</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/fit_api_tutorial.html">MXNet Gluon Fit API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/trainer.html">Trainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/index.html">Learning Rates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_finder.html">Learning Rate Finder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules.html">Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/learning_rates/learning_rate_schedules_advanced.html">Advanced Learning Rate Schedules</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/gluon/training/normalization/index.html">Normalization Blocks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/index.html">KVStore</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/kvstore/kvstore.html">Distributed Key-Value Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/index.html">NDArray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/01-ndarray-intro.html">An Intro: Manipulate Data the MXNet Way with NDArray</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/02-ndarray-operations.html">NDArray Operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/packages/ndarray/03-ndarray-contexts.html">NDArray Contexts</a></li>
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<h1>Source code for mxnet.gluon.block</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="c1"># Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one</span>
<span class="c1"># or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file</span>
<span class="c1"># distributed with this work for additional information</span>
<span class="c1"># regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file</span>
<span class="c1"># to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the</span>
<span class="c1"># &quot;License&quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance</span>
<span class="c1"># with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,</span>
<span class="c1"># software distributed under the License is distributed on an</span>
<span class="c1"># &quot;AS IS&quot; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY</span>
<span class="c1"># KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the</span>
<span class="c1"># specific language governing permissions and limitations</span>
<span class="c1"># under the License.</span>
<span class="c1"># coding: utf-8</span>
<span class="c1"># pylint: disable= arguments-differ, too-many-lines, reimported</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Base container class for all neural network models.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">__all__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Block&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;HybridBlock&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SymbolBlock&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">threading</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">copy</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">warnings</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">defaultdict</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..base</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">mx_real_t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MXNetError</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">initializer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">np_symbol</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..symbol</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">load_json</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..ndarray</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_name</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.parameter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DeferredInitializationError</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_indent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_brief_print_list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HookHandle</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_check_same_symbol_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_check_all_np_ndarrays</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">numpy_extension</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_mx_np</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..</span> <span class="n">util</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">is_np_array</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">np_shape</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">np_array</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">_BlockScope</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Scope for collecting child `Block` s.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">_current</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">threading</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">block</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_old_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="nd">@staticmethod</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hint</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Creates prefix and params for new `Block`.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">current</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">current</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NameManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NameManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NameManager</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NameManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hint</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">params</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_counter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hint</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s%d</span><span class="s1">_&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hint</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hint</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">params</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">parent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_shared</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__enter__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_empty_prefix</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_old_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name_scope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__enter__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__exit__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ptype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trace</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_empty_prefix</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name_scope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__exit__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ptype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trace</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_current</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_old_scope</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_gather_type_ctx_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Analyze the elements inside the nested args object and find:</span>
<span class="sd"> - If there exists ndarray</span>
<span class="sd"> - If there exists symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> - All contexts appearing in args</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> args : list or NDArray or Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> Could be a nested architecture.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> has_symbol : bool</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether the elements in args contains symbols</span>
<span class="sd"> has_ndarray : bool</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether the elements in args contains ndarrays</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx_set : set of mxnet.context.Context</span>
<span class="sd"> Contains all possible contexts of the inner ndarrays in args. Can be empty if there is no</span>
<span class="sd"> ndarray inside args.</span>
<span class="sd"> first_ctx : mxnet.context.Context or None</span>
<span class="sd"> Context of the first appeared NDArray (for backward-compatibility)</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctx</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">has_ndarray</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">ctx_set</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">first_ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ele_has_sym</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ele_has_nd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ele_ctx_set</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ele_first_ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span>\
<span class="n">_gather_type_ctx_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">ele_has_sym</span>
<span class="n">has_ndarray</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">ele_has_nd</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">first_ctx</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">ele_first_ctx</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">first_ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele_first_ctx</span>
<span class="n">ctx_set</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">ele_ctx_set</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first_ctx</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inout_str</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Parse the arguments into a flattened list + an additional format array.</span>
<span class="sd"> The format array stores the structure of the original arguments to help reconstruct the inputs.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> args : NDArray, Symbol, or (nested) list of Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> We allow None inside the args.</span>
<span class="sd"> inout_str : str</span>
<span class="sd"> The name of the HybridBlock</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> flat : list of Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> The flatten version of the input args.</span>
<span class="sd"> fmts : (nested) list of ints</span>
<span class="sd"> Stores the format information of the original structured args.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">length</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_outputs</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">length</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">length</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">length</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;When hybridized, the input of HybridBlock </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot; must be (nested) list of Symbol&quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot; or NDArray, &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;but got </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2"> of type </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inout_str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">))))</span>
<span class="n">flat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">fmts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inout_str</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fmts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">flat</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmts</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Reconstruct the structured arguments based on the flattened version.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> args : NDArray, Symbol, or (nested) list of Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> We allow None inside the args.</span>
<span class="sd"> fmt : (nested) list of ints</span>
<span class="sd"> Stores the format information of the original structured args.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> ret : NDArray, Symbol, or (nested) list of Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_merger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Recursive call to merge the arguments&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unsupported encoded format </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">.&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;We do not support passing types that are not None&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; when the initial HybridBlock has received NoneType and&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; has been hybridized.&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; Received arg = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">, fmt = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;When hybridized, the output of HybridBlock must be (nested)&quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot; list of Symbol or NDArray, &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;but got </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2"> of type </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_merger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_merger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Base class for all neural network layers and models. Your models should</span>
<span class="sd"> subclass this class.</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:class:`Block` can be nested recursively in a tree structure. You can create and</span>
<span class="sd"> assign child :py:class:`Block` as regular attributes::</span>
<span class="sd"> from mxnet.gluon import Block, nn</span>
<span class="sd"> from mxnet import ndarray as F</span>
<span class="sd"> class Model(Block):</span>
<span class="sd"> def __init__(self, **kwargs):</span>
<span class="sd"> super(Model, self).__init__(**kwargs)</span>
<span class="sd"> # use name_scope to give child Blocks appropriate names.</span>
<span class="sd"> with self.name_scope():</span>
<span class="sd"> self.dense0 = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> self.dense1 = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> def forward(self, x):</span>
<span class="sd"> x = F.relu(self.dense0(x))</span>
<span class="sd"> return F.relu(self.dense1(x))</span>
<span class="sd"> model = Model()</span>
<span class="sd"> model.initialize(ctx=mx.cpu(0))</span>
<span class="sd"> model(F.zeros((10, 10), ctx=mx.cpu(0)))</span>
<span class="sd"> Child :py:class:`Block` assigned this way will be registered and :py:meth:`collect_params`</span>
<span class="sd"> will collect their Parameters recursively. You can also manually register</span>
<span class="sd"> child blocks with :py:meth:`register_child`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> prefix : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Prefix acts like a name space. All children blocks created in parent block&#39;s</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:meth:`name_scope` will have parent block&#39;s prefix in their name.</span>
<span class="sd"> Please refer to</span>
<span class="sd"> `naming tutorial &lt;/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> for more info on prefix and naming.</span>
<span class="sd"> params : ParameterDict or None</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:class:`ParameterDict` for sharing weights with the new :py:class:`Block`. For example,</span>
<span class="sd"> if you want ``dense1`` to share ``dense0``&#39;s weights, you can do::</span>
<span class="sd"> dense0 = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> dense1 = nn.Dense(20, params=dense0.collect_params())</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_empty_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_alias</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_scope</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_BlockScope</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_hooks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_pre_hooks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1">(</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="si">{modstr}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">)&#39;</span>
<span class="n">modstr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39; (</span><span class="si">{key}</span><span class="s1">): </span><span class="si">{block}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">block</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">_indent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">block</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__dict__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">modstr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">modstr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__setattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers parameters.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">existing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">existing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">existing</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Changing attribute type for </span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1"> from </span><span class="si">{type1}</span><span class="s1"> to </span><span class="si">{type2}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span> \
<span class="s1">&#39;is not allowed.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">type1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">existing</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">type2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Overriding Parameter attribute </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> is not allowed. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;If you want to share parameters between blocks, please set &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;&#39;params&#39; at Block construction instead.&quot;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__setattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_check_container_with_block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">children</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_find_unregistered_block_in_container</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># Find whether a nested container structure contains Blocks</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_find_unregistered_block_in_container</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_find_unregistered_block_in_container</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">children</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__dict__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;__&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_children&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_find_unregistered_block_in_container</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;</span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1">&quot; is an unregistered container with Blocks. &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Note that Blocks inside the list, tuple or dict will not be &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;registered automatically. Make sure to register them using &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;register_child() or switching to &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;nn.Sequential/nn.HybridSequential instead. &#39;</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">stacklevel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_alias</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Prefix of this :py:class:`Block`.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Name of this :py:class:`Block`, without &#39;_&#39; in the end.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.name_scope"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.name_scope">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">name_scope</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns a name space object managing a child :py:class:`Block` and parameter</span>
<span class="sd"> names. Should be used within a ``with`` statement::</span>
<span class="sd"> with self.name_scope():</span>
<span class="sd"> self.dense = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> Please refer to</span>
<span class="sd"> `the naming tutorial &lt;/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/naming.html&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> for more info on prefix and naming.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_scope</span></div>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns this :py:class:`Block`&#39;s parameter dictionary (does not include its</span>
<span class="sd"> children&#39;s parameters).&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.collect_params"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.collect_params">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">collect_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">select</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns a :py:class:`ParameterDict` containing this :py:class:`Block` and all of its</span>
<span class="sd"> children&#39;s Parameters(default), also can returns the select :py:class:`ParameterDict`</span>
<span class="sd"> which match some given regular expressions.</span>
<span class="sd"> For example, collect the specified parameters in [&#39;conv1_weight&#39;, &#39;conv1_bias&#39;, &#39;fc_weight&#39;,</span>
<span class="sd"> &#39;fc_bias&#39;]::</span>
<span class="sd"> model.collect_params(&#39;conv1_weight|conv1_bias|fc_weight|fc_bias&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> or collect all parameters whose names end with &#39;weight&#39; or &#39;bias&#39;, this can be done</span>
<span class="sd"> using regular expressions::</span>
<span class="sd"> model.collect_params(&#39;.*weight|.*bias&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> select : str</span>
<span class="sd"> regular expressions</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> The selected :py:class:`ParameterDict`</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># We need to check here because blocks inside containers are not supported.</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_check_container_with_block</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">select</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pattern</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pattern</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">cld</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret</span></div>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_collect_params_with_prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">child</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_collect_params_with_prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.save_parameters"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.save_parameters">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">save_parameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deduplicate</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Save parameters to file.</span>
<span class="sd"> Saved parameters can only be loaded with `load_parameters`. Note that this</span>
<span class="sd"> method only saves parameters, not model structure. If you want to save</span>
<span class="sd"> model structures, please use :py:meth:`HybridBlock.export`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> filename : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to file.</span>
<span class="sd"> deduplicate : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> If True, save shared parameters only once. Otherwise, if a Block</span>
<span class="sd"> contains multiple sub-blocks that share parameters, each of the</span>
<span class="sd"> shared parameters will be separately saved for every sub-block.</span>
<span class="sd"> References</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> `Saving and Loading Gluon Models \</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_collect_params_with_prefix</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">deduplicate</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Shared parameters are stored only a single time as of MXNet 1.6.</span>
<span class="c1"># Shared parameters are registered under multiple prefixes returned by</span>
<span class="c1"># _collect_params_with_prefix. We select a single one and only store</span>
<span class="c1"># it. In load_parameters it is sufficient for a shared parameter to</span>
<span class="c1"># only set it for a single prefix.</span>
<span class="n">reverse_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reverse_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reduce</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="n">save_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span>
<span class="n">save_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.save_params"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.save_params">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">save_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;[Deprecated] Please use save_parameters. Note that if you want load</span>
<span class="sd"> from SymbolBlock later, please use export instead.</span>
<span class="sd"> Save parameters to file.</span>
<span class="sd"> filename : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to file.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;save_params is deprecated. Please use save_parameters. &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Note that if you want load from SymbolBlock later, please &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;use export instead. For details, see &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;https://mxnet.apache.org/tutorials/gluon/save_lo&quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;ad_params.html&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">strip_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">save_params is deprecated. Using &#39;</span> \
<span class="s1">&#39;save_parameters may resolve this error.&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.load_parameters"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.load_parameters">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_parameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;current&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Load parameters from file previously saved by `save_parameters`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> filename : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to parameter file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx : Context or list of Context, default cpu()</span>
<span class="sd"> Context(s) to initialize loaded parameters on.</span>
<span class="sd"> allow_missing : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently skip loading parameters not represents in the file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ignore_extra : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently ignore parameters from the file that are not</span>
<span class="sd"> present in this Block.</span>
<span class="sd"> cast_dtype : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Cast the data type of the NDArray loaded from the checkpoint to the dtype</span>
<span class="sd"> provided by the Parameter if any.</span>
<span class="sd"> dtype_source : str, default &#39;current&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> must be in {&#39;current&#39;, &#39;saved&#39;}</span>
<span class="sd"> Only valid if cast_dtype=True, specify the source of the dtype for casting</span>
<span class="sd"> the parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> References</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> `Saving and Loading Gluon Models \</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;https://mxnet.apache.org/api/python/docs/tutorials/packages/gluon/blocks/save_load_params.html&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># failure may happen when loading parameters saved as NDArrays within</span>
<span class="c1"># NumPy semantics. Check the failure type and recover from it if it happens.</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">MXNetError</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">err_msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">&#39;is_np_shape&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">err_msg</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Loading failure due to parameters saved without numpy semantics.</span>
<span class="c1"># Temporarily disable numpy semantics and load parameters. After it&#39;s</span>
<span class="c1"># done, resume the numpy semantics. This is fine because the cases</span>
<span class="c1"># numpy ndarray covers is a superset of the legacy ndarray&#39;s.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">np_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">np_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">loaded_nds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loaded_nds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">),</span>\
<span class="s1">&#39;expecting a dict type, got </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loaded_nds</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">loaded_nds</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_np_ndarray</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">loaded_nds</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err_msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_collect_params_with_prefix</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">loaded</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<span class="c1"># legacy loading</span>
<span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># This should be changed to `del loaded` when dropping Python 2</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Shared parameters are stored only a single time as of MXNet 1.6.</span>
<span class="c1"># We thus retrieve all prefixes (through _collect_params_with_prefix)</span>
<span class="c1"># that a shared parameter is used with. Check that there are no</span>
<span class="c1"># missing parameters that were not yet already loaded from the</span>
<span class="c1"># shared version.</span>
<span class="n">params_inv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">defaultdict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">params_inv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">loaded</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params_inv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">]),</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Parameter &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39; is missing in file &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;, which contains parameters: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Set allow_missing=True to ignore missing parameters.&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_brief_print_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loaded</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">loaded</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">ignore_extra</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Parameter &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39; loaded from file &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39; is not present in ParameterDict, &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;which contains parameters </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">. Set ignore_extra=True to ignore. &quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_brief_print_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_load_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loaded</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.load_params"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.load_params">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;[Deprecated] Please use load_parameters.</span>
<span class="sd"> Load parameters from file.</span>
<span class="sd"> filename : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to parameter file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx : Context or list of Context, default cpu()</span>
<span class="sd"> Context(s) to initialize loaded parameters on.</span>
<span class="sd"> allow_missing : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently skip loading parameters not represents in the file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ignore_extra : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently ignore parameters from the file that are not</span>
<span class="sd"> present in this Block.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;load_params is deprecated. Please use load_parameters.&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_parameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.register_child"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.register_child">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers block as a child of self. :py:class:`Block` s assigned to self as</span>
<span class="sd"> attributes will be registered automatically.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">block</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.register_forward_pre_hook"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.register_forward_pre_hook">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_forward_pre_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers a forward pre-hook on the block.</span>
<span class="sd"> The hook function is called immediately before :func:`forward`.</span>
<span class="sd"> It should not modify the input or output.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> hook : callable</span>
<span class="sd"> The forward hook function of form `hook(block, input) -&gt; None`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> :class:`mxnet.gluon.utils.HookHandle`</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">handle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HookHandle</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">handle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_pre_hooks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">handle</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.register_forward_hook"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.register_forward_hook">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_forward_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers a forward hook on the block.</span>
<span class="sd"> The hook function is called immediately after :func:`forward`.</span>
<span class="sd"> It should not modify the input or output.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> hook : callable</span>
<span class="sd"> The forward hook function of form `hook(block, input, output) -&gt; None`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> :class:`mxnet.gluon.utils.HookHandle`</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">handle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HookHandle</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">handle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_hooks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">handle</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.apply"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.apply">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">apply</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Applies ``fn`` recursively to every child block as well as self.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> fn : callable</span>
<span class="sd"> Function to be applied to each submodule, of form `fn(block)`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> this block</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">cld</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apply</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.initialize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.initialize">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">init</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">initializer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Uniform</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">force_reinit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Initializes :py:class:`Parameter` s of this :py:class:`Block` and its children.</span>
<span class="sd"> Equivalent to ``block.collect_params().initialize(...)``</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> init : Initializer</span>
<span class="sd"> Global default Initializer to be used when :py:meth:`Parameter.init` is ``None``.</span>
<span class="sd"> Otherwise, :py:meth:`Parameter.init` takes precedence.</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx : Context or list of Context</span>
<span class="sd"> Keeps a copy of Parameters on one or many context(s).</span>
<span class="sd"> verbose : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to verbosely print out details on initialization.</span>
<span class="sd"> force_reinit : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to force re-initialization if parameter is already initialized.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verbose</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">force_reinit</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.hybridize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.hybridize">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">active</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot; Please refer description of HybridBlock hybridize().</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">cld</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">active</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.save"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.save">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Save the model architecture and parameters to load again later</span>
<span class="sd"> Saves the model architecture as a nested dictionary where each Block</span>
<span class="sd"> in the model is a dictionary and its children are sub-dictionaries.</span>
<span class="sd"> Each Block is uniquely identified by Block class name and a unique ID.</span>
<span class="sd"> We save the child&#39;s name that that parent uses for it to restore later</span>
<span class="sd"> in order to match the saved parameters.</span>
<span class="sd"> Recursively traverses a Block&#39;s children in order (since its an</span>
<span class="sd"> OrderedDict) and uses the unique ID to denote that specific Block.</span>
<span class="sd"> Assumes that the model is created in an identical order every time.</span>
<span class="sd"> If the model is not able to be recreated deterministically do not</span>
<span class="sd"> use this set of APIs to save/load your model.</span>
<span class="sd"> For HybridBlocks, the cached_graph (Symbol &amp; inputs) is saved if</span>
<span class="sd"> it has already been hybridized.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> prefix : str</span>
<span class="sd"> The prefix to use in filenames for saving this model:</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;prefix&gt;-model.json and &lt;prefix&gt;-model.params</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># create empty model structure</span>
<span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_save_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">structure</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># create new entry for this block</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;orig_name&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1"># encode unique name based on block type and ID</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">structure</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># save in/out formats</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;in_format&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;out_format&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span>
<span class="c1"># save cached graph &amp; input symbols</span>
<span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span>
<span class="n">mdl_syms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sym</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mdl_syms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tojson</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;inputs&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl_syms</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;symbol&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tojson</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hybridized&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hybridized&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">children</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;children&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">children</span>
<span class="c1"># recursively save children</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ch_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">child</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">index</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1"># save child&#39;s original name in this block&#39;s map</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ch_name</span>
<span class="n">_save_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># save top-level block</span>
<span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">_save_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># save model</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39;-model.json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># save params</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save_parameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39;-model.params&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.load"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.load">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Load a model saved using the `save` API</span>
<span class="sd"> Reconfigures a model using the saved configuration. This function</span>
<span class="sd"> does not regenerate the model architecture. It resets the children&#39;s</span>
<span class="sd"> names as they were when saved in order to match the names of the</span>
<span class="sd"> saved parameters.</span>
<span class="sd"> This function assumes the Blocks in the model were created in the same</span>
<span class="sd"> order they were when the model was saved. This is because each Block is</span>
<span class="sd"> uniquely identified by Block class name and a unique ID in order (since</span>
<span class="sd"> its an OrderedDict) and uses the unique ID to denote that specific Block.</span>
<span class="sd"> Assumes that the model is created in an identical order every time.</span>
<span class="sd"> If the model is not able to be recreated deterministically do not</span>
<span class="sd"> use this set of APIs to save/load your model.</span>
<span class="sd"> For HybridBlocks, the cached_graph (Symbol &amp; inputs) and settings are</span>
<span class="sd"> restored if it had been hybridized before saving.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> prefix : str</span>
<span class="sd"> The prefix to use in filenames for loading this model:</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;prefix&gt;-model.json and &lt;prefix&gt;-model.params</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># load model json from file</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39;-model.json&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_load_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">structure</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># get block name</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># lookup previous encoded name based on block type and ID</span>
<span class="n">mdl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">structure</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])]</span>
<span class="c1"># rename block to what it was when saved</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;orig_name&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hybridized&#39;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="c1"># restore in/out formats</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;in_format&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;out_format&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># get saved symbol</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;symbol&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">syms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="c1"># recreate inputs for this symbol</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">inp</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;inputs&#39;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">syms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">load_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inp</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># reset cached_graph and active status</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_active</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># rename params with updated block name</span>
<span class="n">pnames</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pnames</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">param</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">new_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span><span class="p">):]</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">param</span>
<span class="c1"># recursively reload children</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ch_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">child</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">index</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">_load_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># current set of child names</span>
<span class="n">ch_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># original child names</span>
<span class="n">children</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mdl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;children&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># loop and remap children with original names</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ch_name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ch_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">child</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ch_name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch_name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">orig_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">children</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">blk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">orig_name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">child</span>
<span class="c1"># load top-level block</span>
<span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">_load_cached_graphs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># load params</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_parameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39;-model.params&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.cast"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.cast">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Cast this Block to use another data type.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> dtype : str or numpy.dtype</span>
<span class="sd"> The new data type.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">child</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">child</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Calls forward. Only accepts positional arguments.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">hook</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_pre_hooks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">hook</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_hooks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">_check_all_np_ndarrays</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">out</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.forward"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.forward">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Overrides to implement forward computation using :py:class:`NDArray`. Only</span>
<span class="sd"> accepts positional arguments.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> *args : list of NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> Input tensors.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># pylint: disable= invalid-name</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.register_op_hook"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.register_op_hook">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_op_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">monitor_all</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Install callback monitor.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> callback : function</span>
<span class="sd"> Takes a string and a NDArrayHandle.</span>
<span class="sd"> monitor_all : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> If true, monitor both input and output, otherwise monitor output only.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">cld</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_op_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">monitor_all</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="Block.summary"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../../api/gluon/block.html#mxnet.gluon.Block.summary">[docs]</a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">summary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Print the summary of the model&#39;s output and parameters.</span>
<span class="sd"> The network must have been initialized, and must not have been hybridized.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> inputs : object</span>
<span class="sd"> Any input that the model supports. For any tensor in the input, only</span>
<span class="sd"> :class:`mxnet.ndarray.NDArray` is supported.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">summary</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">seen</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">hooks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_get_shape_str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">fmts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fmts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">flat</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmts</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span>
<span class="n">flat_args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flat_arg_shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flat_args</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flat_arg_shapes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmts</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shapes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">shape_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shapes</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">shape_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shapes</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">shape_str</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;L&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_register_summary_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_active</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="s1">&#39;&quot;</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&quot; must not be hybridized to print summary.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_summary_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">class_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span>
<span class="n">block_idx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">m_key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">-</span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">block_idx</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;output_shape&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_get_shape_str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;trainable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;shared&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;trainable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grad_req</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">seen</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;shared&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">seen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m_key</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;n_params&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">params</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.nn.basic_layers</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Sequential</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridSequential</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Sequential</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridSequential</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="n">hooks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_forward_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_summary_hook</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Input&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Input&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;output_shape&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_get_shape_str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Input&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;n_params&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Input&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;trainable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Input&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;shared&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apply</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_register_summary_hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">line_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{:&gt;20}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{:&gt;42}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{:&gt;15}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line_format</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Layer (type)&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Output Shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Param #&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">total_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">trainable_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">shared_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">layer</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line_format</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;output_shape&#39;</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;n_params&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">total_params</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;n_params&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">trainable_params</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;trainable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">shared_params</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;shared&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Parameters in forward computation graph, duplicate included&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39; Total params: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">total_params</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39; Trainable params: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">trainable_params</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39; Non-trainable params: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">total_params</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">trainable_params</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Shared params in forward computation graph: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shared_params</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Unique parameters in model: &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">total_params</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">shared_params</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">hooks</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">detach</span><span class="p">()</span></div></div>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;`HybridBlock` supports forwarding with both Symbol and NDArray.</span>
<span class="sd"> `HybridBlock` is similar to `Block`, with a few differences::</span>
<span class="sd"> import mxnet as mx</span>
<span class="sd"> from mxnet.gluon import HybridBlock, nn</span>
<span class="sd"> class Model(HybridBlock):</span>
<span class="sd"> def __init__(self, **kwargs):</span>
<span class="sd"> super(Model, self).__init__(**kwargs)</span>
<span class="sd"> # use name_scope to give child Blocks appropriate names.</span>
<span class="sd"> with self.name_scope():</span>
<span class="sd"> self.dense0 = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> self.dense1 = nn.Dense(20)</span>
<span class="sd"> def hybrid_forward(self, F, x):</span>
<span class="sd"> x = F.relu(self.dense0(x))</span>
<span class="sd"> return F.relu(self.dense1(x))</span>
<span class="sd"> model = Model()</span>
<span class="sd"> model.initialize(ctx=mx.cpu(0))</span>
<span class="sd"> model.hybridize()</span>
<span class="sd"> model(mx.nd.zeros((10, 10), ctx=mx.cpu(0)))</span>
<span class="sd"> Forward computation in :py:class:`HybridBlock` must be static to work with :py:class:`Symbol` s,</span>
<span class="sd"> i.e. you cannot call :py:meth:`NDArray.asnumpy`, :py:attr:`NDArray.shape`,</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:attr:`NDArray.dtype`, `NDArray` indexing (`x[i]`) etc on tensors.</span>
<span class="sd"> Also, you cannot use branching or loop logic that bases on non-constant</span>
<span class="sd"> expressions like random numbers or intermediate results, since they change</span>
<span class="sd"> the graph structure for each iteration.</span>
<span class="sd"> Before activating with :py:meth:`hybridize()`, :py:class:`HybridBlock` works just like normal</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:class:`Block`. After activation, :py:class:`HybridBlock` will create a symbolic graph</span>
<span class="sd"> representing the forward computation and cache it. On subsequent forwards,</span>
<span class="sd"> the cached graph will be used instead of :py:meth:`hybrid_forward`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Please see references for detailed tutorial.</span>
<span class="sd"> References</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> `Hybrid - Faster training and easy deployment</span>
<span class="sd"> &lt;https://mxnet.io/tutorials/gluon/hybrid.html&gt;`_</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_active</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_callback</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_monitor_all</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend_opts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__setattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers parameters.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__setattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_get_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">flatten_args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flatten_inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">symbol_inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">cnt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">real_arg_num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">sum</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flatten_args</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">real_arg_num</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;All args are None and we do not support such a case.&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; Received args=</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flatten_args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">real_arg_num</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_mx_np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">arg_sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">arg_sym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_np_ndarray</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cnt</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">flatten_inputs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_sym</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">symbol_inputs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_sym</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">flatten_inputs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grouped_inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flatten_inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name_scope</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">grouped_inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter</span>
<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbol_inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_check_same_symbol_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_build_cache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_get_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">data_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="n">input_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_inputs</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">expected_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># try to reuse cached_op_args for params</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">param_tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">param_tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">param_tuple</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param_tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">param_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expected_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">param_names</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Unknown input to HybridBlock: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">used_data_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expected_names</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">used_data_names</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">unused</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">-th&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expected_names</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;The </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> input to HybridBlock is not used by any &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;computation. Is this intended?&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">unused</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stacklevel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">used_param_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">param_names</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">expected_names</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">used_param_names</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param_names</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">unused</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param_names</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">used_param_names</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Parameter </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> is not used by any computation. &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Is this intended?&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">unused</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stacklevel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">DeferredInitializationError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_deferred_infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_finish_deferred_init</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># set context for inputs</span>
<span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_gather_type_ctx_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="c1"># get list of params in the order of out.list_arguments</span>
<span class="n">input_shapes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_arguments</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;__shape__&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_attr</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<span class="n">shape_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_attr</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="s1">&#39;__shape__&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">input_shapes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape_str</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_auxiliary_states</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">aux_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;__shape__&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_attr</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<span class="n">shape_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_attr</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="s1">&#39;__shape__&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">input_shapes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape_str</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">aux_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Partition the graph</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">optimize_for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input_shapes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend_opts</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># convert to numpy symbol if needed</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_np_ndarray</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#update cached graph with partitioned graph</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span>
<span class="n">input_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_inputs</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">data_indices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">param_indices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="c1"># In the default case, _cached_ops_args contains all the parameters from params (the sets are identical)</span>
<span class="c1"># In the case of Partition API optimized graph _cached_ops_args might contain some parameters from params,</span>
<span class="c1"># might contain some new parameters created during optimization and added to `arg_dict/aux_dict`,</span>
<span class="c1"># and might not contain some parameters that were deleted during optimization.</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">data_indices</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data_names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">param_indices</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">param</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># The param is missing from the original params dictionary, which means the param must have</span>
<span class="c1"># been added by the Partition API backend</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">arg_dict</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">param_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">aux_dict</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">param_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">aux_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">RuntimeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;A parameter was added to the graph during optimization but it was not &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;added to the parameter dicts.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Please check the backend.&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">param</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">param_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_load_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data_indices&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data_indices</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;param_indices&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param_indices</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="o">+</span> \
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CachedOp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_deferred_infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">error_msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Deferred initialization failed because shape&quot;</span>\
<span class="s2">&quot; cannot be inferred. </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_call_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_build_cache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Gluon failed to build the cache. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;This should never happen. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Please submit an issue on Github&quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot; https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet.&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_callback</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_register_op_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_callback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_monitor_all</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;register_op_hook is experimental when static_alloc=True / static_shape=True &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot; and may not work correctly&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Do not raise in the case that the fmt or stored_fmt ends with None and</span>
<span class="c1"># We are relying on the default values.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">all</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">))])</span>
<span class="n">valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">valid</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">all</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">))])</span>
<span class="n">valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">valid</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">valid</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;The argument structure of HybridBlock does not match&quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot; the cached version. Stored format = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">, input format = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">args_without_none</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">cargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">args_without_none</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_arg</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">is_arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">cargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">optimize_for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clear</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Partitions the current HybridBlock and optimizes it for a given backend</span>
<span class="sd"> without executing a forward pass. Modifies the HybridBlock in-place.</span>
<span class="sd"> Immediately partitions a HybridBlock using the specified backend. Combines</span>
<span class="sd"> the work done in the hybridize API with part of the work done in the forward</span>
<span class="sd"> pass without calling the CachedOp. Can be used in place of hybridize,</span>
<span class="sd"> afterwards `export` can be called or inference can be run. See README.md in</span>
<span class="sd"> example/extensions/lib_subgraph/README.md for more details.</span>
<span class="sd"> Examples</span>
<span class="sd"> --------</span>
<span class="sd"> # partition and then export to file</span>
<span class="sd"> block.optimize_for(x, backend=&#39;myPart&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> block.export(&#39;partitioned&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> # partition and then run inference</span>
<span class="sd"> block.optimize_for(x, backend=&#39;myPart&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> block(x)</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> x : NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> first input to model</span>
<span class="sd"> *args : NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> other inputs to model</span>
<span class="sd"> backend : str</span>
<span class="sd"> The name of backend, as registered in `SubgraphBackendRegistry`, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> clear : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Clears any previous optimizations</span>
<span class="sd"> static_alloc : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Statically allocate memory to improve speed. Memory usage may increase.</span>
<span class="sd"> static_shape : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Optimize for invariant input shapes between iterations. Must also</span>
<span class="sd"> set static_alloc to True. Change of input shapes is still allowed</span>
<span class="sd"> but slower.</span>
<span class="sd"> inline_limit : optional int, default 2</span>
<span class="sd"> Maximum number of operators that can be inlined.</span>
<span class="sd"> forward_bulk_size : optional int, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> Segment size of bulk execution during forward pass.</span>
<span class="sd"> backward_bulk_size : optional int, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> Segment size of bulk execution during forward pass.</span>
<span class="sd"> **kwargs: The backend options, optional</span>
<span class="sd"> Passed on to `PrePartition` and `PostPartition` functions of `SubgraphProperty`</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend_opts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Must specify &quot;backend&quot; to optimize_for&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># do part of forward API call</span>
<span class="n">has_symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_gather_type_ctx_info</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;In HybridBlock, there must be one NDArray or one Symbol in the input.&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; Please check the type of the args.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Found multiple contexts in the input, &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;After hybridized, the HybridBlock only supports one input &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;context. You can print the ele.ctx in the &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;input arguments to inspect their contexts. &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Find all contexts = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_build_cache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Gluon failed to build the cache. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;This should never happen. &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Please submit an issue on Github&quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot; https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet.&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># do not actually call the cached_op</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Children of HybridBlock must also be HybridBlock, &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;but </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> has type </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">. If you are using Sequential, &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;please try HybridSequential instead.&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">))))</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">active</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clear</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Activates or deactivates :py:class:`HybridBlock` s recursively. Has no effect on</span>
<span class="sd"> non-hybrid children.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> active : bool, default True</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to turn hybrid on or off.</span>
<span class="sd"> backend : str</span>
<span class="sd"> The name of backend, as registered in `SubgraphBackendRegistry`, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> clear : bool, default True</span>
<span class="sd"> Clears any previous optimizations</span>
<span class="sd"> static_alloc : optional bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Statically allocate memory to improve speed. Memory usage may increase.</span>
<span class="sd"> static_shape : optional bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Optimize for invariant input shapes between iterations. Must also</span>
<span class="sd"> set static_alloc to True. Change of input shapes is still allowed</span>
<span class="sd"> but slower.</span>
<span class="sd"> inline_limit : optional int, default 2</span>
<span class="sd"> Maximum number of operators that can be inlined.</span>
<span class="sd"> forward_bulk_size : optional int, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> Segment size of bulk execution during forward pass.</span>
<span class="sd"> backward_bulk_size : optional int, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> Segment size of bulk execution during forward pass.</span>
<span class="sd"> **kwargs: optional</span>
<span class="sd"> Backend options.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend_opts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_backend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">backend</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_active</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">active</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;static_alloc&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;static_shape&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;inline_limit&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;forward_bulk_size&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_flags</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;backward_bulk_size&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">active</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_hooks</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_forward_pre_hooks</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;</span><span class="si">{block}</span><span class="s1">&quot; is being hybridized while still having forward hook/pre-hook. &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;If &quot;</span><span class="si">{block}</span><span class="s1">&quot; is a child of HybridBlock, the hooks will not take effect.&#39;</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybridize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">active</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">static_alloc</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">static_shape</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">inline_limit</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">forward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">backward_bulk_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_infer_attrs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">infer_fn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Generic infer attributes.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_get_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args_without_none</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ele</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">catch_warnings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_attrs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_attrs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">infer_fn</span><span class="p">)(</span>
<span class="o">**</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args_without_none</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">arg_attrs</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sdict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_arguments</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">arg_attrs</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="n">sdict</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">attr</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> \
<span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_auxiliary_states</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">aux_attrs</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nb">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sdict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Infers shape of Parameters from inputs.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_infer_attrs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;infer_shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">infer_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Infers data type of Parameters from inputs.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_infer_attrs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;infer_type&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dtype&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">export</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">epoch</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">remove_amp_cast</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Export HybridBlock to json format that can be loaded by</span>
<span class="sd"> `gluon.SymbolBlock.imports`, `mxnet.mod.Module` or the C++ interface.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. note:: When there are only one input, it will have name `data`. When there</span>
<span class="sd"> Are more than one inputs, they will be named as `data0`, `data1`, etc.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> path : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to save model. Two files `path-symbol.json` and `path-xxxx.params`</span>
<span class="sd"> will be created, where xxxx is the 4 digits epoch number.</span>
<span class="sd"> epoch : int</span>
<span class="sd"> Epoch number of saved model.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">RuntimeError</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Please first call block.hybridize() and then run forward with &quot;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;this block at least once before calling export.&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">sym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">-symbol.json&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">remove_amp_cast</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">remove_amp_cast</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">arg_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_arguments</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">aux_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_auxiliary_states</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">is_arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">is_arg</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">arg_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;arg:</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reduce</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">aux_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Parameter &quot;</span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1">&quot; is not found in the graph. &#39;</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">stacklevel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;aux:</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reduce</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">save_fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_mx_npx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span>
<span class="n">save_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">-</span><span class="si">%04d</span><span class="s1">.params&#39;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">epoch</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">arg_dict</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_op_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">monitor_all</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Install op hook for block recursively.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> callback : function</span>
<span class="sd"> Takes a string and a NDArrayHandle.</span>
<span class="sd"> monitor_all : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> If true, monitor both input and output, otherwise monitor output only.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_callback</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">callback</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_monitor_all</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">monitor_all</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">cld</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_children</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_callback</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">callback</span>
<span class="n">cld</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_monitor_all</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">monitor_all</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Defines the forward computation. Arguments can be either</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:class:`NDArray` or :py:class:`Symbol`.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">has_symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first_ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_gather_type_ctx_info</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;In HybridBlock, we do not support mixed NDArrays and Symbols&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; types for the input. Please check the type of the args.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">has_symbol</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;In HybridBlock, there must be one NDArray or one Symbol in the input.&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; Please check the type of the args.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">has_ndarray</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">first_ctx</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_active</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Find multiple contexts in the input, &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;After hybridized, the HybridBlock only supports one input &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;context. You can print the ele.ctx in the &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;input arguments to inspect their contexts. &#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Find all contexts = </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx_set</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_call_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">DeferredInitializationError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_deferred_infer_shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_finish_deferred_init</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name_scope</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Overrides to construct symbolic graph for this `Block`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> x : Symbol or NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> The first input tensor.</span>
<span class="sd"> *args : list of Symbol or list of NDArray</span>
<span class="sd"> Additional input tensors.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># pylint: disable= invalid-name</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_common_prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Get the common prefix for all names&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">names</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">prefix</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SymbolBlock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridBlock</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Construct block from symbol. This is useful for using pre-trained models</span>
<span class="sd"> as feature extractors. For example, you may want to extract the output</span>
<span class="sd"> from fc2 layer in AlexNet.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> outputs : Symbol or list of Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> The desired output for SymbolBlock.</span>
<span class="sd"> inputs : Symbol or list of Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> The Variables in output&#39;s argument that should be used as inputs.</span>
<span class="sd"> params : ParameterDict</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameter dictionary for arguments and auxililary states of outputs</span>
<span class="sd"> that are not inputs.</span>
<span class="sd"> Examples</span>
<span class="sd"> --------</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; # To extract the feature from fc1 and fc2 layers of AlexNet:</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; alexnet = gluon.model_zoo.vision.alexnet(pretrained=True, ctx=mx.cpu(),</span>
<span class="sd"> prefix=&#39;model_&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; inputs = mx.sym.var(&#39;data&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; out = alexnet(inputs)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; internals = out.get_internals()</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; print(internals.list_outputs())</span>
<span class="sd"> [&#39;data&#39;, ..., &#39;model_dense0_relu_fwd_output&#39;, ..., &#39;model_dense1_relu_fwd_output&#39;, ...]</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; outputs = [internals[&#39;model_dense0_relu_fwd_output&#39;],</span>
<span class="sd"> internals[&#39;model_dense1_relu_fwd_output&#39;]]</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; # Create SymbolBlock that shares parameters with alexnet</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; feat_model = gluon.SymbolBlock(outputs, inputs, params=alexnet.collect_params())</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; x = mx.nd.random.normal(shape=(16, 3, 224, 224))</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; print(feat_model(x))</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="nd">@staticmethod</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">imports</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">symbol_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param_file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Import model previously saved by `gluon.HybridBlock.export` or</span>
<span class="sd"> `Module.save_checkpoint` as a `gluon.SymbolBlock` for use in Gluon.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> symbol_file : str</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to symbol file.</span>
<span class="sd"> input_names : list of str</span>
<span class="sd"> List of input variable names</span>
<span class="sd"> param_file : str, optional</span>
<span class="sd"> Path to parameter file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx : Context, default None</span>
<span class="sd"> The context to initialize `gluon.SymbolBlock` on.</span>
<span class="sd"> allow_missing : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently skip loading parameters not represents in the file.</span>
<span class="sd"> ignore_extra : bool, default False</span>
<span class="sd"> Whether to silently ignore parameters from the file that are not</span>
<span class="sd"> present in this Block.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> gluon.SymbolBlock</span>
<span class="sd"> `gluon.SymbolBlock` loaded from symbol and parameter files.</span>
<span class="sd"> Examples</span>
<span class="sd"> --------</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; net1 = gluon.model_zoo.vision.resnet18_v1(</span>
<span class="sd"> ... prefix=&#39;resnet&#39;, pretrained=True)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; net1.hybridize()</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; x = mx.nd.random.normal(shape=(1, 3, 32, 32))</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; out1 = net1(x)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; net1.export(&#39;net1&#39;, epoch=1)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt;</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; net2 = gluon.SymbolBlock.imports(</span>
<span class="sd"> ... &#39;net1-symbol.json&#39;, [&#39;data&#39;], &#39;net1-0001.params&#39;)</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; out2 = net2(x)</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np_symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">symbol_file</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">sym</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">symbol_file</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">input_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">param_file</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Get a valid type inference by using fp32</span>
<span class="n">inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx_real_t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Do not specify type, rely on saved params type instead</span>
<span class="n">inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_np_ndarray</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_np_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SymbolBlock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sym</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">param_file</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_missing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ignore_extra</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cast_dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">dtype_source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;saved&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{name}</span><span class="s1">(</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="si">{modstr}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">)&#39;</span>
<span class="n">modstr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{block}</span><span class="s1"> : </span><span class="si">{numinputs}</span><span class="s1"> -&gt; </span><span class="si">{numoutputs}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="n">numinputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="n">numoutputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">list_outputs</span><span class="p">()))])</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">modstr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">modstr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SymbolBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ParameterDict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_outputs</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">inputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">outputs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">input_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_internals</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_outputs</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Input symbols must be variable, but </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> is an output of operators&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">input_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># check if any symbol is row_sparse</span>
<span class="n">row_sparse_storage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_STORAGE_TYPE_STR_TO_ID</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;row_sparse&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_internals</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;__storage_type__&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row_sparse_storage</span><span class="p">)),</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;SymbolBlock doesn&#39;t support Parameter &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39; because its storage &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;type is &#39;row_sparse&#39;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_check_same_symbol_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Infer type of parameters. Without this, every parameter will be created with</span>
<span class="c1"># default type i.e., fp32</span>
<span class="n">arg_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_arguments</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">aux_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_auxiliary_states</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_infer_param_types</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg_params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_params</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_deferred_init</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aux_params</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">aux</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">input_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aux</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">grad_req</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_deferred_init</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">aux_types</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">syms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span>
<span class="n">len_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_common_prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_reg_params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">len_prefix</span><span class="p">:]:</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NDArray</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_call_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Symbol</span><span class="p">),</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;HybridBlock requires the first argument to forward be either &quot;</span> \
<span class="s2">&quot;Symbol or NDArray, but got </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_flatten</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">in_fmt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_in_format</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Invalid input format&quot;</span>
<span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ret</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_compose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_regroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_format</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">tmp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SymbolBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tmp</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_clear_cached_op</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SymbolBlock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;float16&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># correct BatchNorm types back to float32 due to its special requirement</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_graph</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">params_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_internals</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_inputs</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params_list</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;running_var&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">sibs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;running_mean&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;gamma&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;beta&#39;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="n">is_bn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params_list</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sibs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_bn</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;float32&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sib</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sibs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sib</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;float32&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;moving_var&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># another convention used</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">sibs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">prefix</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;moving_mean&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;gamma&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;beta&#39;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="n">is_bn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params_list</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sibs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_bn</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;float32&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sib</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sibs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sib</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;float32&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hybrid_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reset_ctx</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Re-assign all Parameters to other contexts. If the Block is hybridized, it will reset the _cached_op_args.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> ctx : Context or list of Context, default :py:meth:`context.current_context()`.</span>
<span class="sd"> Assign Parameter to given context. If ctx is a list of Context, a</span>
<span class="sd"> copy will be made for each context.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_params</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cached_op_args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># resetting parameters creating by the partitioning backend</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset_ctx</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset_ctx</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_infer_param_types</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg_params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default_dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mx_real_t</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Utility function that helps in inferring DType of args and auxs params</span>
<span class="sd"> from given input param.</span>
<span class="sd"> Parameters</span>
<span class="sd"> ----------</span>
<span class="sd"> in_params: List of Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> List of input symbol variables.</span>
<span class="sd"> out_params: Symbol</span>
<span class="sd"> Output symbol variable.</span>
<span class="sd"> arg_params: List of Str</span>
<span class="sd"> List of names of argument parametrs.</span>
<span class="sd"> aux_params: List of Str</span>
<span class="sd"> List of names of auxiliary parameters.</span>
<span class="sd"> default_dtype: numpy.dtype or str, default &#39;float32&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> Default data type for arg_params and aux_params, if unable to infer the type.</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns</span>
<span class="sd"> -------</span>
<span class="sd"> arg_types: List of numpy.dtype</span>
<span class="sd"> List of arg_params type. Order is same as arg_params.</span>
<span class="sd"> Defaults to &#39;float32&#39;, if unable to infer type.</span>
<span class="sd"> aux_types: List of numpy.dtype</span>
<span class="sd"> List of aux_params type. Order is same as aux_params.</span>
<span class="sd"> Defaults to &#39;float32&#39;, if unable to infer type.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="c1"># Get Input symbol details. This will be used to infer types of</span>
<span class="c1"># other parameters.</span>
<span class="n">input_sym_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">in_param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">in_param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">in_params</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Try to infer input types. If not successful, we will set default dtype.</span>
<span class="c1"># If successful, we will try to infer other params in the graph.</span>
<span class="n">input_sym_arg_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">can_infer_input_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">in_param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">in_params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">input_sym_arg_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">infer_type</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">input_sym_arg_type</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_sym_arg_type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">can_infer_input_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">input_sym_arg_types</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">infer_type</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Try to infer types of other parameters.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">can_infer_input_type</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_sym_names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input_sym_arg_types</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">infer_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">MXNetError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Cannot infer type with current input</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">arg_types</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_params</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">arg_params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">default_dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aux_types</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aux_params</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">aux_types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">aux_params</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">aux_types</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">default_dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg_types</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aux_types</span><span class="p">)</span>
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