/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 *  distributed with this work for additional information
 *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
 *  under the License.
 *
 */
package org.apache.mina.transport.socket.apr;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

import org.apache.mina.core.RuntimeIoException;
import org.apache.mina.core.polling.AbstractPollingIoConnector;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoConnector;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoProcessor;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoService;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.SimpleIoProcessorPool;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.TransportMetadata;
import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.DefaultSocketSessionConfig;
import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.SocketConnector;
import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.SocketSessionConfig;
import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Address;
import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Poll;
import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Pool;
import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Socket;
import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Status;

/**
 * {@link IoConnector} for APR based socket transport (TCP/IP).
 * 
 * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
 */
public final class AprSocketConnector extends AbstractPollingIoConnector<AprSession, Long> implements SocketConnector {

    /** 
     * This constant is deduced from the APR code. It is used when the timeout
     * has expired while doing a poll() operation.
     */
    private static final int APR_TIMEUP_ERROR = -120001;

    private static final int POLLSET_SIZE = 1024;

    private final Map<Long, ConnectionRequest> requests = new HashMap<Long, ConnectionRequest>(POLLSET_SIZE);

    private final Object wakeupLock = new Object();

    private volatile long wakeupSocket;

    private volatile boolean toBeWakenUp;

    private volatile long pool;

    private volatile long pollset; // socket poller

    private final long[] polledSockets = new long[POLLSET_SIZE << 1];

    private final Queue<Long> polledHandles = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Long>();

    private final Set<Long> failedHandles = new HashSet<Long>(POLLSET_SIZE);

    private volatile ByteBuffer dummyBuffer;

    /**
     * Create an {@link AprSocketConnector} with default configuration (multiple thread model).
     */
    public AprSocketConnector() {
        super(new DefaultSocketSessionConfig(), AprIoProcessor.class);
        ((DefaultSocketSessionConfig) getSessionConfig()).init(this);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor for {@link AprSocketConnector} with default configuration, and 
     * given number of {@link AprIoProcessor} for multithreading I/O operations
     * @param processorCount the number of processor to create and place in a
     * {@link SimpleIoProcessorPool} 
     */
    public AprSocketConnector(int processorCount) {
        super(new DefaultSocketSessionConfig(), AprIoProcessor.class, processorCount);
        ((DefaultSocketSessionConfig) getSessionConfig()).init(this);
    }

    /**
     *  Constructor for {@link AprSocketConnector} with default configuration but a
     *  specific {@link IoProcessor}, useful for sharing the same processor over multiple
     *  {@link IoService} of the same type.
     * @param processor the processor to use for managing I/O events
     */
    public AprSocketConnector(IoProcessor<AprSession> processor) {
        super(new DefaultSocketSessionConfig(), processor);
        ((DefaultSocketSessionConfig) getSessionConfig()).init(this);
    }

    /**
     *  Constructor for {@link AprSocketConnector} with a given {@link Executor} for handling 
     *  connection events and a given {@link IoProcessor} for handling I/O events, useful for sharing 
     *  the same processor and executor over multiple {@link IoService} of the same type.
     * @param executor the executor for connection
     * @param processor the processor for I/O operations
     */
    public AprSocketConnector(Executor executor, IoProcessor<AprSession> processor) {
        super(new DefaultSocketSessionConfig(), executor, processor);
        ((DefaultSocketSessionConfig) getSessionConfig()).init(this);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void init() throws Exception {
        // initialize a memory pool for APR functions
        pool = Pool.create(AprLibrary.getInstance().getRootPool());

        wakeupSocket = Socket.create(Socket.APR_INET, Socket.SOCK_DGRAM, Socket.APR_PROTO_UDP, pool);

        dummyBuffer = Pool.alloc(pool, 1);

        pollset = Poll.create(POLLSET_SIZE, pool, Poll.APR_POLLSET_THREADSAFE, Long.MAX_VALUE);

        if (pollset <= 0) {
            pollset = Poll.create(62, pool, Poll.APR_POLLSET_THREADSAFE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
        }

        if (pollset <= 0) {
            if (Status.APR_STATUS_IS_ENOTIMPL(-(int) pollset)) {
                throw new RuntimeIoException("Thread-safe pollset is not supported in this platform.");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void destroy() throws Exception {
        if (wakeupSocket > 0) {
            Socket.close(wakeupSocket);
        }
        if (pollset > 0) {
            Poll.destroy(pollset);
        }
        if (pool > 0) {
            Pool.destroy(pool);
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected Iterator<Long> allHandles() {
        return polledHandles.iterator();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected boolean connect(Long handle, SocketAddress remoteAddress) throws Exception {
        InetSocketAddress ra = (InetSocketAddress) remoteAddress;
        long sa;
        if (ra != null) {
            if (ra.getAddress() == null) {
                sa = Address.info(Address.APR_ANYADDR, Socket.APR_INET, ra.getPort(), 0, pool);
            } else {
                sa = Address.info(ra.getAddress().getHostAddress(), Socket.APR_INET, ra.getPort(), 0, pool);
            }
        } else {
            sa = Address.info(Address.APR_ANYADDR, Socket.APR_INET, 0, 0, pool);
        }

        int rv = Socket.connect(handle, sa);
        if (rv == Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
            return true;
        }

        if (Status.APR_STATUS_IS_EINPROGRESS(rv)) {
            return false;
        }

        throwException(rv);
        throw new InternalError(); // This sentence will never be executed.
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected ConnectionRequest getConnectionRequest(Long handle) {
        return requests.get(handle);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void close(Long handle) throws Exception {
        finishConnect(handle);
        int rv = Socket.close(handle);
        if (rv != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
            throwException(rv);
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected boolean finishConnect(Long handle) throws Exception {
        Poll.remove(pollset, handle);
        requests.remove(handle);
        if (failedHandles.remove(handle)) {
            int rv = Socket.recvb(handle, dummyBuffer, 0, 1);
            throwException(rv);
            throw new InternalError("Shouldn't reach here.");
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected Long newHandle(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
        long handle = Socket.create(Socket.APR_INET, Socket.SOCK_STREAM, Socket.APR_PROTO_TCP, pool);
        boolean success = false;
        try {
            int result = Socket.optSet(handle, Socket.APR_SO_NONBLOCK, 1);
            if (result != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
                throwException(result);
            }
            result = Socket.timeoutSet(handle, 0);
            if (result != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
                throwException(result);
            }

            if (localAddress != null) {
                InetSocketAddress la = (InetSocketAddress) localAddress;
                long sa;

                if (la.getAddress() == null) {
                    sa = Address.info(Address.APR_ANYADDR, Socket.APR_INET, la.getPort(), 0, pool);
                } else {
                    sa = Address.info(la.getAddress().getHostAddress(), Socket.APR_INET, la.getPort(), 0, pool);
                }

                result = Socket.bind(handle, sa);
                if (result != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
                    throwException(result);
                }
            }

            success = true;
            return handle;
        } finally {
            if (!success) {
                int rv = Socket.close(handle);
                if (rv != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
                    throwException(rv);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected AprSession newSession(IoProcessor<AprSession> processor, Long handle) throws Exception {
        return new AprSocketSession(this, processor, handle);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void register(Long handle, ConnectionRequest request) throws Exception {
        int rv = Poll.add(pollset, handle, Poll.APR_POLLOUT);
        if (rv != Status.APR_SUCCESS) {
            throwException(rv);
        }

        requests.put(handle, request);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected int select(int timeout) throws Exception {
        int rv = Poll.poll(pollset, timeout * 1000, polledSockets, false);
        if (rv <= 0) {
            if (rv != APR_TIMEUP_ERROR) {
                throwException(rv);
            }

            rv = Poll.maintain(pollset, polledSockets, true);
            if (rv > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < rv; i++) {
                    Poll.add(pollset, polledSockets[i], Poll.APR_POLLOUT);
                }
            } else if (rv < 0) {
                throwException(rv);
            }

            return 0;
        } else {
            rv <<= 1;
            if (!polledHandles.isEmpty()) {
                polledHandles.clear();
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < rv; i++) {
                long flag = polledSockets[i];
                long socket = polledSockets[++i];
                if (socket == wakeupSocket) {
                    synchronized (wakeupLock) {
                        Poll.remove(pollset, wakeupSocket);
                        toBeWakenUp = false;
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                polledHandles.add(socket);
                if ((flag & Poll.APR_POLLOUT) == 0) {
                    failedHandles.add(socket);
                }
            }
            return polledHandles.size();
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected Iterator<Long> selectedHandles() {
        return polledHandles.iterator();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void wakeup() {
        if (toBeWakenUp) {
            return;
        }

        // Add a dummy socket to the pollset.
        synchronized (wakeupLock) {
            toBeWakenUp = true;
            Poll.add(pollset, wakeupSocket, Poll.APR_POLLOUT);
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public TransportMetadata getTransportMetadata() {
        return AprSocketSession.METADATA;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public SocketSessionConfig getSessionConfig() {
        return (SocketSessionConfig) sessionConfig;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public InetSocketAddress getDefaultRemoteAddress() {
        return (InetSocketAddress) super.getDefaultRemoteAddress();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void setDefaultRemoteAddress(InetSocketAddress defaultRemoteAddress) {
        super.setDefaultRemoteAddress(defaultRemoteAddress);
    }

    /**
     * transform an APR error number in a more fancy exception
     * @param code APR error code
     * @throws IOException the produced exception for the given APR error number
     */
    private void throwException(int code) throws IOException {
        throw new IOException(org.apache.tomcat.jni.Error.strerror(-code) + " (code: " + code + ")");
    }
}