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| <h1 id="nio-overview">NIO Overview</h1> |
| <p>The <strong>NIO</strong> API was introduced in <strong>Java 1.4</strong> and had since been used for wide number of applications. The <strong>NIO</strong> API covers <strong>IO</strong> non-blocking operations.</p> |
| <div class="note" markdown="1"> |
| First of all, it's good to know that <strong>MINA</strong> is written on top of <strong>NIO 1</strong>. A new version has been designed in <strong>Java 7</strong>, <strong>NIO-2</strong>, we don't yet benefit from the added features this version is carrying. |
| </div> |
| <div class="note" markdown="1"> |
| It's also important to know that the <strong>N</strong> in <strong>NIO</strong> means <strong>New</strong>, but we will use the <strong>Non-Blocking</strong> term in many places. <strong>NIO-2</strong> should be seen as a <strong>New New I/O</strong>... |
| </div> |
| <p>The <code>java.nio.*</code> package contains following key constructs</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><em>Buffers</em> - Data Containers</li> |
| <li><em>Chartsets</em> - Containers translators for bytes and Unicode</li> |
| <li><em>Channels</em> - represents connections to entities capable of I/O operations</li> |
| <li><em>Selectors</em> - provide selectable, multiplexed non-blocking IO</li> |
| <li><em>Regexps</em> - provide provide some tools to manipulate regular expressions</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>We are mostly interested in the <em>Channels</em>, <em>Selectors</em> and <em>Buffers</em> parts in the <strong>MINA</strong> framework, except that we want to hide those elements to the user.</p> |
| <p>This user guide will thus focus on everything built on top of those internal components.</p> |
| <h1 id="nio-vs-bio">NIO vs BIO</h1> |
| <p>It’s important to understand the difference between those two APIs. <strong>BIO</strong>, or <strong>Blocking</strong> <strong>IO</strong>, relies on plain sockets used in a blocking mode : when you read, write or do whatever operation on a socket, the called operation will block the caller until the operation is completed.</p> |
| <p>In some cases, it’s critical to be able to call the operation, and to expect the called operation to inform the caller when the operation is done : the caller can then do something else in the mean time.</p> |
| <p>This is also where <strong>NIO</strong> offers a better way to handle <strong>IO</strong> when you have numerous connected sockets : you dn’t have to create a specific thread for each connection, you can just use a few threads to do the same job.</p> |
| <p>If you want to get more information about what covers <strong>NIO</strong>, there is a lot of good articles around the web, and a few books covering this matter.</p> |
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