/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 *  distributed with this work for additional information
 *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
 *  under the License.
 *
 */
package org.apache.asyncweb.server.util;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.asyncweb.server.util.TimedPermitIssuer;
import org.apache.asyncweb.server.util.PermitExpirationListener;
import org.apache.asyncweb.server.util.TimedPermit;

/**
 * A <code>TimedPermitIssuer</code> which stores all issued permits in a linked
 * list.
 * As a permit is renewed, its lifetime is extended and it is simply moved to the
 * back of the list (As <code>LinkedPermitIssuer</code> uses a fixed lifetime for
 * all permits and renewals).<br/>
 * Each permit issued by this issuer has direct access to its place in the list -
 * allowing constant time renewals.
 *
 *
 */
public class LinkedPermitIssuer implements TimedPermitIssuer
{

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
            .getLogger(LinkedPermitIssuer.class);

    /**
     * The head of the permit list.
     * This entry is the next due to expire
     */
    private PermitEntry head;

    /**
     * The tail of the permit list
     */
    private PermitEntry tail;

    /**
     * The lifetime given to new permits, and permit renewals
     */
    private long lifetime;

    private Object lock = new Object();

    private List<PermitExpirationListener> listeners = Collections
            .synchronizedList(new ArrayList<PermitExpirationListener>());

    private boolean isClosed;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>LinkedPermitIssuer</code> with a specified lifetime given to
     * new permits. When a permit issued by this issuer is renewed, its expiry time
     * is renewed to the current time plus this lifetime
     *
     * @param lifetime  The lifetime to be used for new permits, and permit renewals
     */
    public LinkedPermitIssuer(long lifetime) {
        if (lifetime <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("lifetime must be >0");
        }
        this.lifetime = lifetime;
        new Thread(new ExpiryNotifier()).start();
    }

    /**
     * Issues a new <code>TimedPermit</code> for the target object.
     * Unless <code>renew</code>ed, the permit expires after this
     * issuers imposed lifetime. Upon renewal, the permit becomes valid
     * for this issuers configured lifetime from the time of the renewal.
     *
     * @param o The target object
     */
    public TimedPermit issuePermit(Object o) {
        PermitEntry permit;
        synchronized (lock) {
            permit = new PermitEntry(o);
            if (isEmpty()) {
                head = tail = permit;
                lock.notify(); // notify when move from empty to non empty
            } else {
                tail.entryAfter = permit;
                permit.entryBefore = tail;
                tail = permit;
            }
        }
        return permit;
    }

    /**
     * Adds a <code>PermitExpirationListener</code> to this issuer
     *
     * @param listener the listener
     */
    public void addPermitExpirationListener(PermitExpirationListener listener) {
        listeners.add(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Closes this issuer
     */
    public void close() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            isClosed = true;
            lock.notify();
            LOG.debug("Marked as closed");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether there are any outstanding permits
     * to be processed
     *
     * @return  <code>true</code> if there are no outstanding
     *          permits
     */
    private boolean isEmpty() {
        return head == null;
    }

    /**
     * Moves a <code>PermitEntry</code> to the back of the list.
     * An entry is moved to the back upon renewal. If we move the current head
     * to the back, we notify to allow the expiry time of the next element
     * to be observed
     *
     * @param entry  The entry to move
     */
    private void moveToBack(PermitEntry entry) {
        boolean movedHead = entry == head;
        if (entry != tail) { // nothing to move / no need to notify if already at back
            PermitEntry previous = entry.entryBefore;
            PermitEntry after = entry.entryAfter;

            tail.entryAfter = entry;
            entry.entryBefore = tail;
            entry.entryAfter = null;
            tail = entry;

            after.entryBefore = previous;
            if (!movedHead) {
                previous.entryAfter = after;
            } else {
                head = after;
                lock.notify();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the head entry (without notifications)
     */
    private void removeHead() {
        head = head.entryAfter;
        if (head != null) {
            head.entryBefore = null;
        } else {
            LOG.debug("Permit list empty following removal");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notifies all listeners of the expiry of a specified target object
     *
     * @param target  The expired target object
     */
    private void notifyExpiry(Object target) {
        synchronized (listeners) {
            for (PermitExpirationListener listener : listeners) {
            listener.permitExpired(target);
         }
        }
    }

    /**
     * An entry in a linked list of permits.
     *
     *
     */
    private class PermitEntry implements TimedPermit {

        private PermitEntry entryBefore;

        private PermitEntry entryAfter;

        private long expiryTime;

        private Object o;

        private boolean isCancelled;

        PermitEntry(Object o) {
            this.o = o;
            extendLifetime();
        }

        /**
         * Renews this permit. If we are cancelled, no action is taken.
         * Otherwise, our lifetime is extended, and we move to the back of the
         * list
         */
        public void renew() {
            synchronized (lock) {
                if (!isCancelled) {
                    extendLifetime();
                    moveToBack(this);
                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        LOG.debug("Entry has been renewed. New expiry time: "
                                + expiryTime);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * @return  This permits target object
         */
        Object getTarget() {
            return o;
        }

        /**
         * @return the time remaining, in ms until this permit
         * expires
         */
        long timeToExpiry() {
            return expiryTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
        }

        /**
         * @return  <code>true</code> if this permit has been cancelled and should be
         *          removed
         */
        boolean isCancelled() {
            return isCancelled;
        }

        /**
         * Cancels this permit.
         * If we are either expired or already cancelled, no action is taken.
         * Otherwise, we mark ourself as cancelled.
         * If we are at the head of the permit list, we notify to allow
         * the notification thread to take any required action.
         */
        public boolean cancel() {
            synchronized (lock) {
                if (isCancelled) {
                    LOG.debug("Ignoring cancel request");
                    return false;
                }
                isCancelled = true;
                LOG.debug("Entry has been successfully cancelled");
                if (this == head) {
                    LOG.debug("Head entry cancelled - notifying");
                    lock.notify();
                }
                return true;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Marks this permit as cancelled
         */
        void markCancelled() {
            isCancelled = true;
        }

        /**
         * Extends our lifetime
         */
        private void extendLifetime() {
            expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + lifetime;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Services the head of the permit list, blocking until work is available.
     * Cancelled and expired entries are removed (listeners are notified of all
     * expired entries)
     *
     */
    private class ExpiryNotifier implements Runnable {

        public void run() {
            try {
                LOG.debug("ExpiryNotifier starting");
                while (processHeadEntry()) {
                    continue;
                }
                LOG.debug("ExpiryNotifier closing");
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                LOG.error("Unexpected exception on expiry notifier", e);
            }

        }

        /**
         * Waits for cancellation / expiration of the head entry.
         * If the head entry is expired, listeners are notified.
         *
         * @return  <code>true</code> if the entry is processed,
         *          <code>false</code> if we become closed while waiting for a result
         */
        private boolean processHeadEntry() {
            PermitEntry toExpire = null;
            try {
                synchronized (lock) {
                    while (!isClosed && isEmpty()) {
                        lock.wait();
                    }
                    if (isClosed) {
                        return false;
                    } else {
                        toExpire = processFirst();
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            if (toExpire != null) {
                notifyExpiry(toExpire.getTarget());
            }
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * Examines the head of the list for cancellation or expiry.
         * We block until either the entry is cancelled, expires, or we are
         * closed
         *
         * @return  The previous head entry - if it has expired.
         *          <code>null</code> if the entry was cancelled, or we were closed
         */
        private PermitEntry processFirst() {
            PermitEntry entry = head;
            boolean expired = false;
            long timeToExpiry = entry.timeToExpiry();
            while (!isClosed && !entry.isCancelled() && timeToExpiry > 0) {
                try {
                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        LOG.debug("Waiting for head entry to expire: "
                                + timeToExpiry + "ms");
                    }
                    lock.wait(timeToExpiry);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected interrupt");
                }
                timeToExpiry = entry.timeToExpiry();
            }

            if (entry.isCancelled()) {
                LOG.debug("Head entry is cancelled. Removing");
                removeHead();
            } else if (!isClosed) {
                LOG.debug("Head entry has expired");
                entry.markCancelled();
                removeHead();
                expired = true;
            }
            return expired ? entry : null;
        }

    }

}