/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *//**
 *
 * @file summary.sql_in
 *
 * @brief Summary function for descriptive statistics
 * @date Mar 2013
 *
 *//* ------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

m4_include(`SQLCommon.m4')

/**

@addtogroup grp_summary

@about

'summary' is a generic function used to produce summary statistics of any data 
table.  The function invokes particular 'methods' from the MADlib library to 
provide an overview of the data. 

@usage
The summary function can be invoked in the following way:
@verbatim
SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,       -- Source table name (Required)
    output_table            TEXT,       -- Output table name (Required)
    target_cols             TEXT,       -- Comma separated columns for which summary is desired
                                        --      (Default: NULL - produces result for all columns)
    grouping_cols           TEXT,       -- Comma separated columns on which to group results
                                        --      (Default: NULL - provides summary on complete table)
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN,    -- Are distinct values required?
                                        --      (Default: True)
    get_quartiles           BOOLEAN,    -- Are quartiles required?
                                        --      (Default: True)
    ntile_array             FLOAT8[],   -- Array of quantile values to compute
                                        --      (Default: NULL - Quantile array not included)
    how_many_mfv            INTEGER,    -- How many most-frequent-values to compute?
                                        --      (Default: 10)
    get_estimates           BOOLEAN     -- Should we produce exact or estimated values?
)                                       --      (Default: True)
@endverbatim

Note:
- Currently, estimated values are only implemented for the distinct values 
computation. 
- The '<em>get_estimates</em>' parameter controls computation for two statistics
    - If '<em>get_estimates</em>' is True then the distinct value computation is
        estimated. Further, the most frequent values computation is computed using 
        a "quick and dirty" method that does parallel aggregation in GPDB
        at the expense of missing some of the most frequent values.
    - If '<em>get_estimates</em>' is False then the distinct values are computed
     in a slow but exact method. The most frequent values are computed using a
     faithful implementation that preserves the approximation guarantees of 
     the Cormode/Muthukrishnan method (more information in \ref grp_mfvsketch) 


The output of the function is a composite type containing: 
    ouput_table             TEXT,       -- Name of the output table
    row_count               INT4,       -- Number of rows in the output table
    duration                FLOAT8      -- Time taken (in seconds) to compute the summary 

The summary stastics are stored in the 'output_table' relation provided in the
arguments. The relation 'output_table' can contain the following table
(presence of some columns depends on the argument values)
@verbatim
    - group_by_column       : Group-by column names (NULL if none provided)
    - group_by_value        : Values of the Group-by column (NULL if no grouping)
    - target_column         : Targeted column values for which summary is requested
    - column_number         : Physical column number for the target column, as described in pg_attribute
    - data_type             : Data type of target column. Standard GPDB descriptors will be displayed
    - row_count             : Number of rows for the target column
    - distinct_values       : Number of distinct values in the target column
    - missing_values        : Number of missing values in the target column
    - blank_values          : Number of blank values (blanks are defined by the regular expression '^\w*$')
    - fraction_missing      : Percentage of total rows that are missing. Will be expressed as a decimal (e.g. 0.3)
    - fraction_blank        : Percentage of total rows that are blank. Will be expressed as a decimal (e.g. 0.3)
    - mean                  : Mean value of target column (if target is numeric, else NULL)
    - variance              : Variance of target columns (if target is numeric, else NULL for strings)
    - min                   : Min value of target column (for strings this is the length of the shortest string)
    - max                   : Max value of target column (for strings this is the length of the longest string)
    - first_quartile        : First quartile (25th percentile, only for numeric columns)
    - median                : Median value of target column (if target is numeric, else NULL)
    - third_quartile        : Third quartile (25th percentile, only for numeric columns)
    - quantile_array        : Percentile values corresponding to ntile_array
    - most_frequent_values  : Most frequent values
    - mfv_frequencies       : Frequency of the most frequent values 
@endverbatim

The output can be obtained as
@verbatim
sql> SELECT * FROM 'output_table';
@endverbatim

The usage information can be obtained at any time directly from the
function using
@verbatim
sql> SELECT summary('usage');
@endverbatim

*/

DROP TYPE IF EXISTS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result;
CREATE TYPE MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS
(
    ouputtable      TEXT,
    row_count       INT4,
    duration        FLOAT8
);


-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Main function for summary
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
 * @brief Compute a summary statistics on a table with optional grouping support
 * 
 * @param source_table      Name of source relation containing the data
 * @param output_table      Name of output table name to store the summary
 * @param target_cols       String with comma separated list of columns on which summary is desired
 * @param grouping_cols     String with comma separated list of columns on which to group the data by
 * @param get_distinct      Should distinct values count be included in result
 * @param get_quartiles     Should first, second (median), and third quartiles be included in result
 * @param ntile_array       Array of percentiles to compute
 * @param how_many_mfv      How many most frequent values to compute?
 * @param get_estimates     Should distinct counts be an estimated (faster) or exact count?
 *
 * @usage
 * 
 * <pre> SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary (
 *       '<em>source_table</em>', '<em>output_table</em>', 
 *       '<em>target_cols</em>', '<em>grouping_cols</em>',                            
 *       '<em>get_distinct</em>', '<em>get_quartiles</em>',
 *       '<em>ntile_array</em>', '<em>how_many_mfv</em>',
 *       '<em>get_estimates</em>'          
 *   );
 *   SELECT * FROM '<em>output_table</em>'
 *  </pre>                                       
 */
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,       -- source table name
    output_table            TEXT,       -- output table name
    target_cols             TEXT,       -- comma separated list of output cols
    grouping_cols           TEXT,       -- comma separated names of grouping cols
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN,    -- Are distinct values required
    get_quartiles           BOOLEAN,    -- Are quartiles required
    ntile_array             FLOAT8[],   -- Array of quantiles to compute
    how_many_mfv            INTEGER,    -- How many most frequent values to compute?
    get_estimates           BOOLEAN     -- Should we produce exact or estimated
                                        --      values for distinct computation
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    PythonFunctionBodyOnly(`summary', `summary')
    return summary.summary(
        schema_madlib, source_table, output_table, target_cols, grouping_cols,
        get_distinct, get_quartiles, ntile_array, how_many_mfv, get_estimates)
$$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- Overloaded functions to support optional parameters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT,
    grouping_cols           TEXT,
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN,
    get_quartiles           BOOLEAN,
    ntile_array             FLOAT8[],
    how_many_mfv            INTEGER
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT,
    grouping_cols           TEXT,
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN,
    get_quartiles           BOOLEAN,
    ntile_array             FLOAT8[]
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT,
    grouping_cols           TEXT,
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN,
    get_quartiles           BOOLEAN
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NULL, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT,
    grouping_cols           TEXT,
    get_distinct            BOOLEAN
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, True, NULL, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT,
    grouping_cols           TEXT
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, $4, True, True, NULL, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT,
    target_cols             TEXT
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, $3, NULL, True, True, NULL, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary
(
    source_table            TEXT,
    output_table            TEXT
)
RETURNS MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary_result AS $$
    SELECT MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
        $1, $2, NULL, NULL, True, True, NULL, 10, True)
$$ LANGUAGE sql;

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Help functions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary(
    input_message            TEXT
)
RETURNS TEXT AS $$
PythonFunctionBodyOnly(`summary', `summary')
    return summary.summary_help_message(schema_madlib, input_message)
$$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;


CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION MADLIB_SCHEMA.summary()
RETURNS TEXT AS $$
PythonFunctionBodyOnly(`summary', `summary')
    return summary.summary_help_message(schema_madlib, None)
$$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;