diff --git a/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorReader.java b/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorReader.java
index 92cf8b3..15603c1 100644
--- a/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorReader.java
+++ b/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorReader.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexInput;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefBuilder;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.StringHelper;
 
 /**
@@ -63,6 +64,13 @@
             readState.segmentInfo.name,
             readState.segmentSuffix,
             SimpleTextVectorFormat.META_EXTENSION);
+    String vectorFileName =
+        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
+            readState.segmentInfo.name,
+            readState.segmentSuffix,
+            SimpleTextVectorFormat.VECTOR_EXTENSION);
+
+    boolean success = false;
     try (ChecksumIndexInput in =
         readState.directory.openChecksumInput(metaFileName, IOContext.DEFAULT)) {
       int fieldNumber = readInt(in, FIELD_NUMBER);
@@ -86,21 +94,23 @@
         fieldNumber = readInt(in, FIELD_NUMBER);
       }
       SimpleTextUtil.checkFooter(in);
-    }
 
-    String vectorFileName =
-        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
-            readState.segmentInfo.name,
-            readState.segmentSuffix,
-            SimpleTextVectorFormat.VECTOR_EXTENSION);
-    dataIn = readState.directory.openInput(vectorFileName, IOContext.DEFAULT);
+      dataIn = readState.directory.openInput(vectorFileName, IOContext.DEFAULT);
+      success = true;
+    } finally {
+      if (success == false) {
+        IOUtils.closeWhileHandlingException(this);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
   public VectorValues getVectorValues(String field) throws IOException {
     FieldInfo info = readState.fieldInfos.fieldInfo(field);
     if (info == null) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("No vectors indexed for field=\"" + field + "\"");
+      // mirror the handling in Lucene90VectorReader#getVectorValues
+      // needed to pass TestSimpleTextVectorFormat#testDeleteAllVectorDocs
+      return null;
     }
     int dimension = info.getVectorDimension();
     if (dimension == 0) {
@@ -108,7 +118,9 @@
     }
     FieldEntry fieldEntry = fieldEntries.get(field);
     if (fieldEntry == null) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("No entry found for vector field=\"" + field + "\"");
+      // mirror the handling in Lucene90VectorReader#getVectorValues
+      // needed to pass TestSimpleTextVectorFormat#testDeleteAllVectorDocs
+      return null;
     }
     if (dimension != fieldEntry.dimension) {
       throw new IllegalStateException(
@@ -133,6 +145,15 @@
     // in SimpleTextUtil.CHECKSUM):
     long footerStartPos = dataIn.length() - (SimpleTextUtil.CHECKSUM.length + 21);
     ChecksumIndexInput input = new BufferedChecksumIndexInput(clone);
+
+    // when there's no actual vector data written (e.g. tested in
+    // TestSimpleTextVectorFormat#testDeleteAllVectorDocs)
+    // the first line in dataInput will be, checksum 00000000000000000000
+    if (footerStartPos == 0) {
+      SimpleTextUtil.checkFooter(input);
+      return;
+    }
+
     while (true) {
       SimpleTextUtil.readLine(input, scratch);
       if (input.getFilePointer() >= footerStartPos) {
@@ -244,7 +265,13 @@
     public int docID() {
       if (curOrd == -1) {
         return -1;
+      } else if (curOrd >= entry.size()) {
+        // when call to advance / nextDoc below already returns NO_MORE_DOCS, calling docID
+        // immediately afterward should also return NO_MORE_DOCS
+        // this is needed for TestSimpleTextVectorFormat.testAdvance test case
+        return NO_MORE_DOCS;
       }
+
       return entry.ordToDoc[curOrd];
     }
 
diff --git a/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorWriter.java b/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorWriter.java
index 4fa55b8..1699537 100644
--- a/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorWriter.java
+++ b/lucene/codecs/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/SimpleTextVectorWriter.java
@@ -50,15 +50,24 @@
   SimpleTextVectorWriter(SegmentWriteState state) throws IOException {
     assert state.fieldInfos.hasVectorValues();
 
-    String metaFileName =
-        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
-            state.segmentInfo.name, state.segmentSuffix, SimpleTextVectorFormat.META_EXTENSION);
-    meta = state.directory.createOutput(metaFileName, state.context);
+    boolean success = false;
+    // exception handling to pass TestSimpleTextVectorFormat#testRandomExceptions
+    try {
+      String metaFileName =
+          IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
+              state.segmentInfo.name, state.segmentSuffix, SimpleTextVectorFormat.META_EXTENSION);
+      meta = state.directory.createOutput(metaFileName, state.context);
 
-    String vectorDataFileName =
-        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
-            state.segmentInfo.name, state.segmentSuffix, SimpleTextVectorFormat.VECTOR_EXTENSION);
-    vectorData = state.directory.createOutput(vectorDataFileName, state.context);
+      String vectorDataFileName =
+          IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
+              state.segmentInfo.name, state.segmentSuffix, SimpleTextVectorFormat.VECTOR_EXTENSION);
+      vectorData = state.directory.createOutput(vectorDataFileName, state.context);
+      success = true;
+    } finally {
+      if (success == false) {
+        IOUtils.closeWhileHandlingException(this);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -71,7 +80,9 @@
       docIds.add(docV);
     }
     long vectorDataLength = vectorData.getFilePointer() - vectorDataOffset;
-    writeMeta(fieldInfo, vectorDataOffset, vectorDataLength, docIds);
+    if (vectorDataLength > 0) {
+      writeMeta(fieldInfo, vectorDataOffset, vectorDataLength, docIds);
+    }
   }
 
   private void writeVectorValue(VectorValues vectors) throws IOException {
diff --git a/lucene/codecs/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/TestSimpleTextVectorFormat.java b/lucene/codecs/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/TestSimpleTextVectorFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b40e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lucene/codecs/src/test/org/apache/lucene/codecs/simpletext/TestSimpleTextVectorFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.lucene.codecs.simpletext;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.Codec;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.BaseVectorFormatTestCase;
+
+public class TestSimpleTextVectorFormat extends BaseVectorFormatTestCase {
+  @Override
+  protected Codec getCodec() {
+    return new SimpleTextCodec();
+  }
+}