/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the license.
 */
package org.apache.logging.log4j.util;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * <em>Consider this class private.</em>
 * 
 * @see <a href="http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/">Apache Commons Lang</a>
 */
public final class Strings {

    /**
     * The empty string.
     */
    public static final String EMPTY = "";
    
    /**
     * OS-dependent line separator, defaults to {@code "\n"} if the system property {@code ""line.separator"} cannot be
     * read.
     */
    public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = PropertiesUtil.getProperties().getStringProperty("line.separator",
            "\n");

    private Strings() {
        // empty
    }

    /**
     * Returns a double quoted string.
     * 
     * @param str a String
     * @return {@code "str"}
     */
    public static String dquote(final String str) {
        return Chars.DQUOTE + str + Chars.DQUOTE;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a String is blank. A blank string is one that is either
     * {@code null}, empty, or all characters are {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
     *
     * @param s the String to check, may be {@code null}
     * @return {@code true} if the String is {@code null}, empty, or or all characters are {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}
     */
    public static boolean isBlank(final String s) {
        if (s == null || s.isEmpty()) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (!Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Checks if a CharSequence is empty ("") or null.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * Strings.isEmpty(null)      = true
     * Strings.isEmpty("")        = true
     * Strings.isEmpty(" ")       = false
     * Strings.isEmpty("bob")     = false
     * Strings.isEmpty("  bob  ") = false
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * NOTE: This method changed in Lang version 2.0. It no longer trims the CharSequence. That functionality is
     * available in isBlank().
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Copied from Apache Commons Lang org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isEmpty(CharSequence)
     * </p>
     *
     * @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is empty or null
     */
    public static boolean isEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
        return cs == null || cs.length() == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a String is not blank. The opposite of {@link #isBlank(String)}.
     *
     * @param s the String to check, may be {@code null}
     * @return {@code true} if the String is non-{@code null} and has content after being trimmed.
     */
    public static boolean isNotBlank(final String s) {
        return !isBlank(s);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Checks if a CharSequence is not empty ("") and not null.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * Strings.isNotEmpty(null)      = false
     * Strings.isNotEmpty("")        = false
     * Strings.isNotEmpty(" ")       = true
     * Strings.isNotEmpty("bob")     = true
     * Strings.isNotEmpty("  bob  ") = true
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * Copied from Apache Commons Lang org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CharSequence)
     * </p>
     *
     * @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and not null
     */
    public static boolean isNotEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
        return !isEmpty(cs);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets the leftmost {@code len} characters of a String.</p>
     *
     * <p>If {@code len} characters are not available, or the
     * String is {@code null}, the String will be returned without
     * an exception. An empty String is returned if len is negative.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.left(null, *)    = null
     * StringUtils.left(*, -ve)     = ""
     * StringUtils.left("", *)      = ""
     * StringUtils.left("abc", 0)   = ""
     * StringUtils.left("abc", 2)   = "ab"
     * StringUtils.left("abc", 4)   = "abc"
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * Copied from Apache Commons Lang org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param str  the String to get the leftmost characters from, may be null
     * @param len  the length of the required String
     * @return the leftmost characters, {@code null} if null String input
     */
    public static String left(final String str, final int len) {
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (len < 0) {
            return EMPTY;
        }
        if (str.length() <= len) {
            return str;
        }
        return str.substring(0, len);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a quoted string.
     * 
     * @param str a String
     * @return {@code 'str'}
     */
    public static String quote(final String str) {
        return Chars.QUOTE + str + Chars.QUOTE;
    }

    /**
     * Shorthand for {@code str.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);}
     * @param str The string to upper case.
     * @return a new string
     * @see String#toLowerCase(Locale)
     */
    public static String toRootUpperCase(final String str) {
        return str.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * Removes control characters (char &lt;= 32) from both ends of this String returning {@code null} if the String is
     * empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}.
     *
     * <p>
     * The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. Trim removes start and end characters &lt;= 32.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * Strings.trimToNull(null)          = null
     * Strings.trimToNull("")            = null
     * Strings.trimToNull("     ")       = null
     * Strings.trimToNull("abc")         = "abc"
     * Strings.trimToNull("    abc    ") = "abc"
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * Copied from Apache Commons Lang org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.trimToNull(String)
     * </p>
     *
     * @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null
     * @return the trimmed String, {@code null} if only chars &lt;= 32, empty or null String input
     */
    public static String trimToNull(final String str) {
        final String ts = str == null ? null : str.trim();
        return isEmpty(ts) ? null : ts;
    }

    /**
     * Removes control characters from both ends of this String returning {@code Optional.empty()} if the String is
     * empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}.
     * @param str The String to trim.
     * @return An Optional containing the String.
     *
     * @see #trimToNull(String)
     */
    public static Optional<String> trimToOptional(final String str) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(str).map(String::trim).filter(s -> !s.isEmpty());
    }

    /**
     * <p>Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterable} into
     * a single String containing the provided elements.</p>
     *
     * <p>No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty
     * strings within the iteration are represented by empty strings.</p>
     *
     * @param iterable  the {@code Iterable} providing the values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator  the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
     */
    public static String join(final Iterable<?> iterable, final char separator) {
        if (iterable == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(iterable.iterator(), separator);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterator} into
     * a single String containing the provided elements.</p>
     *
     * <p>No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty
     * strings within the iteration are represented by empty strings.</p>
     *
     * @param iterator  the {@code Iterator} of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator  the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
     */
    public static String join(final Iterator<?> iterator, final char separator) {

        // handle null, zero and one elements before building a buffer
        if (iterator == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
            return EMPTY;
        }
        final Object first = iterator.next();
        if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
            return Objects.toString(first, EMPTY);
        }

        // two or more elements
        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(256); // Java default is 16, probably too small
        if (first != null) {
            buf.append(first);
        }

        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            buf.append(separator);
            final Object obj = iterator.next();
            if (obj != null) {
                buf.append(obj);
            }
        }

        return buf.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new string repeating given {@code str} {@code count} times.
     * @param str input string
     * @param count the repetition count
     * @return the new string
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code str} is null or {@code count} is negative
     */
    public static String repeat(final String str, final int count) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(str, "str");
        if (count < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("count");
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str.length() * count);
        for (int index = 0; index < count; index++) {
            sb.append(str);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

}