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<h1>Apache Kudu 1.11.0 Release Notes</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_upgrade_notes"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_upgrade_notes">Upgrade Notes</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Since <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2625">KUDU-2625</a> is
addressed, tablet servers now reject individual write operations which
violate schema constraints in a batch of write operations. In prior versions
the behavior was to reject the whole batch of write operations if a violation
of the schema constraints is detected even for a single row. It&#8217;s recommended
to revise applications which relied on the behavior mentioned above
upon upgrading to Kudu 1.11.0.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_deprecations"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_deprecations">Deprecations</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The Kudu Flume integration is deprecated and may be removed in the
next minor release. The integration will be moved to the Apache Flume
project going forward
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLUME-3345">FLUME-3345</a>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_new_features"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_new_features">New features</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Kudu now supports putting tablet servers into maintenance. While in this
mode, the tablet server&#8217;s replicas will not be re-replicated if it fails.
Only upon exiting maintenance will re-replication be triggered for any
remaining under-replicated tablets. The <code>kudu tserver state enter_maintenance</code>
and <code>kudu tserver state exit_maintenance</code> tools are added to orchestrate
tablet server maintenance, and the <code>kudu tserver list</code> tool is amended with
a "state" column option to display current state of each tablet server
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2069">KUDU-2069</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Kudu now has a built-in NTP client which maintains the internal wallclock
time used for generation of HybridTime timestamps. When enabled, system clock
synchronization for nodes running Kudu is no longer necessary. This is useful
for containerized deployments and in other cases when it&#8217;s troublesome
to maintain properly configured system NTP service at each node of a Kudu
cluster. The list of NTP servers to synchronize against is specified with the
<code>--builtin_ntp_servers</code> flag. By default, Kudu masters and tablet servers use
public servers hosted by the NTP Pool project. To use the built-in NTP
client, set <code>--time_source=builtin</code> and reconfigure <code>--builtin_ntp_servers</code>
if necessary
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2935">KUDU-2935</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Aggregated table statistics are now available to Kudu clients via
<code>KuduClient.getTableStatistics()</code> and <code>KuduTable.getTableStatistics()</code>
methods in the Kudu Java client and <code>KuduClient.GetTableStatistics()</code>
in the Kudu C++ client. This allows for various query optimizations.
For example, Spark now uses it to perform join optimizations.
The statistics are available via the API of both C++ and Java Kudu clients.
In addition, per-table statistics are available via <code>kudu table statistics</code>
CLI tool. The statistics are also available via master&#8217;s Web UI at
<code>master:8051/metrics</code> and <code>master:8051/table?id=&lt;uuid&gt;</code> URIs
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2797">KUDU-2797</a> and
<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2921">KUDU-2921</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu</code> CLI tool now supports altering table columns. Use the newly
introduced sub-commands such as <code>kudu table column_set_default</code>,
<code>kudu table column_remove_default</code>, <code>kudu table column_set_compression</code>,
<code>kudu table column_set_encoding</code>, and <code>kudu table column_set_block_size</code>
to alter a column of the specified table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu</code> CLI tool now supports dropping table columns. Use the newly
introduced <code>kudu table delete_column</code> sub-command to drop a column of the
specified table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu</code> CLI tool now supports getting and setting extra
configuration properties for a table. Use <code>kudu table get_extra_configs</code>
and <code>kudu table set_extra_config</code> sub-commands to perform the corresponding
operations
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2514">KUDU-2514</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu</code> CLI tool now supports creating and dropping range partitions
for a table. Use <code>kudu table add_range_partition</code> and
<code>kudu table drop_range_partition</code> sub-commands to perform the corresponding
operations
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2881">KUDU-2881</a>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_improvements"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_improvements">Optimizations and improvements</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu fs dump uuid</code> CLI tool is now significantly faster and consumes
significantly less IO.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The memory consumed by CFileReaders and BloomFileReaders is factored out and
accounted separately by the tablet server memory tracking. The stats are
available via Web UI as "CFileReaders" and "BloomFileReaders" entries.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>KuduScanBatch::const_iterator</code> in Kudu C++ client now supports
<code>operator&#8594;()</code>
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-1561">KUDU-1561</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Master server Web UI now supports sorting the list of tables by the columns
of "Table Name", "Create Time", and "Last Alter Time".</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tablet servers now expand a tablet&#8217;s data directory group with available
healthy directories when all directories of the group are full
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2907">KUDU-2907</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For scan operations run with <code>CLOSEST_REPLICA</code> selection mode, the Kudu Java
client now picks a random available replica in case no replica is located at
the same node with the client that initiated the scan operation. This helps
to spread the load generated by multiple scan requests to the same tablet
among all available replicas. In prior releases, all such scan requests might
end up fetching data from the same tablet replica
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2348">KUDU-2348</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The serialization of in-memory rows to Kudu&#8217;s wire format has been optimized
to be more CPU efficient
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2847">KUDU-2847</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tablet servers and masters can now aggregate metrics by the same attribute.
For example, it&#8217;s now possible to fetch aggregated metrics from a tablet
server by retrieving data from URLs of form
<code><a href="http://&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/metrics?merge_rules=tablet|table|table_name" class="bare">http://&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/metrics?merge_rules=tablet|table|table_name</a></code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Introduced Docker image for Python Kudu client
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2849">KUDU-2849</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tablet servers now consider available disk space when choosing a set of data
directories for a tablet&#8217;s data directory group, and when deciding in which
data directory a new block should be written
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2901">KUDU-2901</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Added a quick-start example of using Apache Spark to load, query, and modify
a real data set stored in Kudu.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Added a quick-start example of using Apache Nifi to ingest data into Kudu.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tablet servers now reject individual write operations which violate schema
constraints in a batch of write operations received from a client. The
previous behavior was to reject the whole batch of write operations
if a violation of the schema constraints is detected even for a single row
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2625">KUDU-2625</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tablet replicas can now be optionally placed in accordance with a
dimension-based placement policy. To specify a dimension label for a table,
use the <code>KuduTableCreator::dimension_label()</code> and
<code>CreateTableOptions.setDimensionLabel()</code> methods of the C++ and Java Kudu
clients. To add a partition with a dimension label, use the
<code>KuduTableAlterer::AddRangePartitionWithDimension()</code> and
<code>AlterTableOptions.addRangePartition()</code> methods of the C++ and Java Kudu
clients
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2823">KUDU-2823</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Kudu RPC now enables TCP keepalive for all outbound connections for faster
detection of no-longer-reachable nodes
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2192">KUDU-2192</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>kudu table scan</code> and <code>kudu table copy</code> CLI tools now fail gracefully
rather than crashing upon hitting an error
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2851">KUDU-2851</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optimized decoding of deltas' timestamps
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2867">KUDU-2867</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optimized the initialization of DeltaMemStore for the case when no matching
deltas are present
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2381">KUDU-2381</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Improved the rehydration of scan tokens. Now a scan token created
before renaming a column can be used even after the column has been renamed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The memory reserved by tcmalloc is now released to OS periodically to avoid
potential OOM issues in the case of read-only workloads
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2836">KUDU-2836</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optimized evaluation of predicates on columns of primitive types and
<code>NULL</code>/<code>NOT NULL</code> predicates to leverage SIMD instructions
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2846">KUDU-2846</a>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_fixed_issues"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_fixed_issues">Fixed Issues</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Fixed an issue of fault-tolerant scan operation failing for a projection
with key columns specified in other than the table schema&#8217;s order
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2980">KUDU-2980</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed an issue that would cause frequent leader elections in case when
persisting Raft transactions to the WAL took longer than the leader
election timeout. The issue was contributing to election storms
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2947">KUDU-2947</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed a tablet server crash in cases where blocks were not removed due to IO
error. This issue may have surfaced after recovering from a disk failure
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2635">KUDU-2635</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed a crash in master and tablet server by validating the size of default
values when de-serializing <code>ColumnSchemaPB</code>
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2622">KUDU-2622</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed RPC negotiation failure in the case when TLS v1.3 is supported at
both the client and the server side. This is a temporary workaround before
the connection negotiation code is properly updated to support 1.5-RTT
handshake used in TLS v1.3. The issue affected Linux distributions shipped
or updated with OpenSSL version 1.0.2 and newer
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2871">KUDU-2871</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed a race between <code>GetTabletLocations()</code> and tablet report processing.
The race could crash the Kudu master
(see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KUDU-2842">KUDU-2842</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed a bug in <code>AlterSchemaTransactionState::ToString()</code> that led to a crash
of tablet server when removing a tablet replica with a pending <code>AlterSchema</code>
transaction.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_wire_compatibility"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_wire_compatibility">Wire Protocol compatibility</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Kudu 1.11.0 is wire-compatible with previous versions of Kudu:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Kudu 1.11 clients may connect to servers running Kudu 1.0 or later. If the client uses
features that are not available on the target server, an error will be returned.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Rolling upgrade between Kudu 1.10 and Kudu 1.11 servers is believed to be possible
though has not been sufficiently tested. Users are encouraged to shut down all nodes
in the cluster, upgrade the software, and then restart the daemons on the new version.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Kudu 1.0 clients may connect to servers running Kudu 1.11 with the exception of the
below-mentioned restrictions regarding secure clusters.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The authentication features introduced in Kudu 1.3 place the following limitations
on wire compatibility between Kudu 1.11 and versions earlier than 1.3:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>If a Kudu 1.11 cluster is configured with authentication or encryption set to "required",
clients older than Kudu 1.3 will be unable to connect.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If a Kudu 1.11 cluster is configured with authentication and encryption set to "optional"
or "disabled", older clients will still be able to connect.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="rn_1.11.0_client_compatibility"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_client_compatibility">Client Library Compatibility</a></h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The Kudu 1.11 Java client library is API- and ABI-compatible with Kudu 1.10. Applications
written against Kudu 1.10 will compile and run against the Kudu 1.11 client library and
vice-versa.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Kudu 1.11 C++ client is API- and ABI-forward-compatible with Kudu 1.10.
Applications written and compiled against the Kudu 1.10 client library will run without
modification against the Kudu 1.11 client library. Applications written and compiled
against the Kudu 1.11 client library will run without modification against the Kudu 1.10
client library.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Kudu 1.11 Python client is API-compatible with Kudu 1.10. Applications
written against Kudu 1.10 will continue to run against the Kudu 1.11 client
and vice-versa.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_known_issues"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_known_issues">Known Issues and Limitations</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Please refer to the <a href="known_issues.html">Known Issues and Limitations</a> section of the
documentation.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rn_1.11.0_contributors"><a class="link" href="#rn_1.11.0_contributors">Contributors</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Kudu 1.11 includes contributions from 24 people, including 8 first-time
contributors:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Hannah Nguyen</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>lingbin</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ritwik Yadav</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Scott Reynolds</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Volodymyr Verovkin</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Xiaokai Wang</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Xin He</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Yao Wang</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Thank you for your help in making Kudu even better!</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="resources_and_next_steps"><a class="link" href="#resources_and_next_steps">Resources</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://kudu.apache.org">Kudu Website</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://github.com/apache/kudu">Kudu GitHub Repository</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="index.html">Kudu Documentation</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="prior_release_notes.html">Release notes for older releases</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_installation_options"><a class="link" href="#_installation_options">Installation Options</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For full installation details, see <a href="installation.html">Kudu Installation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_next_steps"><a class="link" href="#_next_steps">Next Steps</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
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