<!--
/***************************************************************************************************************************
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *  
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *  
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 ***************************************************************************************************************************/
 -->

OpenAPI Methodology

<p>
	Unlike the other Juneau serializers and parsers that convert input and output directly to-and-from POJOs,
	the OpenAPI serializers and parsers use intermediate objects based on the <c>type</c> and <c>format</c>
	of the schema.
</p>
<p>
	The following table shows the "natural" intermediate type of the object based on the <c>type/format</c>:
</p>
<table class='styled w800'>
	<tr><th>Type</th><th>Format</th><th>Intermediate Java Type</th></tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td rowspan='4'><c>string</c> or empty</td>
		<td><c>byte<br>binary<br>binary-spaced</c></td>
		<td><c><jk>byte</jk>[]</c></td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td><c>date<br>date-time</c></td>
		<td>{@link java.util.Calendar}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td><c>uon</c></td>
		<td>No intermediate type.<br>(serialized directly to/from POJO)</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td>empty</td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.String}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='light bb'>
		<td rowspan='1'><c>boolean</c></td>
		<td>empty</td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.Boolean}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td rowspan='2'><c>integer</c></td>
		<td><c>int32</c></td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.Integer}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td><c>int64</c></td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.Long}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='light bb'>
		<td rowspan='2'><c>number</c></td>
		<td><c>float</c></td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.Float}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='light bb'>
		<td><c>double</c></td>
		<td>{@link java.lang.Double}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td rowspan='2'><c>array</c></td>
		<td>empty</td>
		<td>Arrays of intermediate types on this list.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='dark bb'>
		<td><c>uon</c></td>
		<td>No intermediate type.<br>(serialized directly to/from POJO)</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='light bb'>
		<td rowspan='2'><c>object</c></td>
		<td>empty</td>
		<td><c>Map&lt;String,Object&gt;</c></td>
	</tr>
	<tr class='light bb'>
		<td><c>uon</c></td>
		<td>No intermediate type.<br>(serialized directly to/from POJO)</td>
	</tr>
</table>
<p>
	The valid POJO types for serializing/parsing are based on the intermediate types above.
	As a general rule, any POJOs that are the intermediate type or transformable to or from
	the intermediate type are valid POJO types.
</p>
<p>
	For example, the following POJO type can be transformed to and from a byte array.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jc>// Sample POJO class convertable to and from a byte[].</jc>
	<jk>public class</jk> MyPojo {
		
		<jc>// Constructor used by parser.</jc>
		<jk>public</jk> MyPojo(<jk>byte</jk>[] fromBytes) {...}
	
		<jc>// toX method used by serializer.</jc>
		<jk>public byte</jk>[] toBytes() {...}
	}
</p>
<p>
	This example shows how that POJO can be converted to a BASE64-encoded string.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jc>// Construct a POJO.</jc>
	MyPojo myPojo = ...;
	
	<jc>// Define a schema.</jc>
	HttpPartSchema schema = HttpPartSchema.<jsm>create</jsm>().type(<js>"string"</js>).format(<js>"byte"</js>).build();

	<jc>// Convert POJO to BASE64-encoded string.</jc>
	HttpPartSerializer s = OpenApiSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
	String httpPart = s.serialize(schema, myPojo);
	
	<jc>// Convert BASE64-encoded string back into a POJO.</jc>
	HttpPartParser p = OpenApiParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
	myPojo = p.parse(schema, httpPart, MyPojo.<jk>class</jk>);
</p>
<p>
	In addition to defining format, the schema also allows for validations of the serialized form.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jc>// Construct a POJO.</jc>
	MyPojo myPojo = ...;
	
	<jc>// Define a schema.</jc>
	<jc>// Serialized string must be no smaller than 100 characters.</jc>
	HttpPartSchema schema = HttpPartSchema.<jsm>create</jsm>().type(<js>"string"</js>).format(<js>"byte"</js>).minLength(100).build();

	<jc>// Convert POJO to BASE64-encoded string.</jc>
	HttpPartSerializer s = OpenApiSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
	String httpPart;
	<jk>try</jk> {
		httpPart = s.serialize(schema, myPojo);
	} <jk>catch</jk> (SchemaValidationException e) {
		<jc>// Oops, output too small.</jc>
	}
	
	<jc>// Convert BASE64-encoded string back into a POJO.</jc>
	HttpPartParser p = OpenApiParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>;
	<jk>try</jk> {
		myPojo = p.parse(schema, httpPart, MyPojo.<jk>class</jk>);
	} <jk>catch</jk> (SchemaValidationException e) {
		<jc>// Oops, input too small.</jc>
	}
</p>
<p>
	It looks simple, but the implementation is highly sophisticated being able to serialize and parse and validate using complex schemas.
</p>
<p>
	The next sections go more into depth on serializing and parsing various POJO types.
</p>