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Parsing into Generic Models

<p>
	The Juneau parsers are not limited to parsing back into the original bean classes.
	If the bean classes are not available on the parsing side, the parser can also be used to 
	parse into a generic model consisting of <c>Maps</c>, <c>Collections</c>, and primitive
	objects.
</p>
<p>
	You can parse into any <c>Map</c> type (e.g. <c>HashMap</c>, <c>TreeMap</c>), but
	using {@link oaj.ObjectMap} is recommended since it has many convenience methods
	for converting values to various types.
	The same is true when parsing collections.  You can use any Collection (e.g. <c>HashSet</c>, 
	<c>LinkedList</c>) or array (e.g. <c>Object[]</c>, <c>String[]</c>, 
	<c>String[][]</c>), but using {@link oaj.ObjectList} is recommended.
</p>
<p>
	When the map or list type is not specified, or is the abstract <c>Map</c>, <c>Collection</c>, 
	or <c>List</c> types, the parser will use <c>ObjectMap</c> and <c>ObjectList</c> by 
	default.
</p>
<p>
	For example, given the following JSON:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	{
		id: <jk>1</jk>, 
		name: <js>'John Smith'</js>, 
		uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>, 
		addressBookUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook'</js>, 
		birthDate: <js>'1946-08-12T00:00:00Z'</js>, 
		addresses: [
			{
				uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/address/1'</js>, 
				personUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>, 
				id: <jk>1</jk>, 
				street: <js>'100 Main Street'</js>, 
				city: <js>'Anywhereville'</js>, 
				state: <js>'NY'</js>, 
				zip: <jk>12345</jk>, 
				isCurrent: <jk>true</jk>
			}
		]
	}
</p>
<p>
	We can parse this into a generic <c>ObjectMap</c>:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>	
	<jc>// Parse JSON into a generic POJO model.</jc>
	ObjectMap m = JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(json, ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>);

	<jc>// Convert it back to JSON.</jc>
	String json = SimpleJsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT_READABLE</jsf>.serialize(m);
</p>
<p>
	What we end up with is the exact same output.
	Even the numbers and booleans are preserved because they are parsed into <c>Number</c> and 
	<c>Boolean</c> objects when parsing into generic models.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	{
		id: <jk>1</jk>, 
		name: <js>'John Smith'</js>, 
		uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>, 
		addressBookUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook'</js>, 
		birthDate: <js>'1946-08-12T00:00:00Z'</js>, 
		addresses: [
			{
				uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/address/1'</js>, 
				personUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>, 
				id: <jk>1</jk>, 
				street: <js>'100 Main Street'</js>, 
				city: <js>'Anywhereville'</js>, 
				state: <js>'NY'</js>, 
				zip: <jk>12345</jk>, 
				isCurrent: <jk>true</jk>
			}
		]
	}
</p>
<p>
	Once parsed into a generic model, various convenience methods are provided on the <c>ObjectMap</c>
		and <c>ObjectList</c> classes to retrieve values:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jc>// Parse JSON into a generic POJO model.</jc>
	ObjectMap m = JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(json, ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>);

	<jc>// Get some simple values.</jc>
	String name = m.getString(<js>"name"</js>);
	<jk>int</jk> id = m.getInt(<js>"id"</js>);

	<jc>// Get a value convertable from a String.</jc>
	URI uri = m.get(URI.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"uri"</js>);

	<jc>// Get a value using a swap.</jc>
	TemporalCalendarSwap swap = <jk>new</jk> TemporalCalendarSwap.IsoInstant();
	Calendar birthDate = m.get(swap, <js>"birthDate"</js>);

	<jc>// Get the addresses.</jc>
	ObjectList addresses = m.getObjectList(<js>"addresses"</js>);

	<jc>// Get the first address and convert it to a bean.</jc>
	Address address = addresses.get(Address.<jk>class</jk>, 0);
</p>

<p>
	As a general rule, parsing into beans is often more efficient than parsing into generic models.
	And working with beans is often less error prone than working with generic models.
</p>