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package org.apache.juneau.parser;

import static org.apache.juneau.internal.CollectionUtils.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.*;

/**
 * Represents a group of {@link Parser Parsers} that can be looked up by media type.
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Description</h5>
 *
 * Provides the following features:
 * <ul class='spaced-list'>
 * 	<li>
 * 		Finds parsers based on HTTP <c>Content-Type</c> header values.
 * 	<li>
 * 		Sets common properties on all parsers in a single method call.
 * 	<li>
 * 		Locks all parsers in a single method call.
 * 	<li>
 * 		Clones existing groups and all parsers within the group in a single method call.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Match ordering</h5>
 *
 * Parsers are matched against <c>Content-Type</c> strings in the order they exist in this group.
 *
 * <p>
 * Adding new entries will cause the entries to be prepended to the group.
 * This allows for previous parsers to be overridden through subsequent calls.
 *
 * <p>
 * For example, calling <code>g.append(P1.<jk>class</jk>,P2.<jk>class</jk>).append(P3.<jk>class</jk>,P4.<jk>class</jk>)</code>
 * will result in the order <c>P3, P4, P1, P2</c>.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
 * <p class='bcode w800'>
 * 	<jc>// Construct a new parser group builder</jc>
 * 	ParserGroupBuilder b = ParserGroup.<jsm>create</jsm>();
 *
 * 	<jc>// Add some parsers to it</jc>
 * 	b.append(JsonParser.<jk>class</jk>, XmlParser.<jk>class</jk>);
 *
 * 	<jc>// Change settings on parsers simultaneously</jc>
 * 	b.set(BeanContext.<jsf>BEAN_beansRequireSerializable</jsf>, <jk>true</jk>)
 * 		.pojoSwaps(TemporalCalendarSwap.IsoLocalDateTime.<jk>class</jk>);
 *
 * 	ParserGroup g = b.build();
 *
 * 	<jc>// Find the appropriate parser by Content-Type</jc>
 * 	ReaderParser p = (ReaderParser)g.getParser(<js>"text/json"</js>);
 *
 * 	<jc>// Parse a bean from JSON</jc>
 * 	String json = <js>"{...}"</js>;
 * 	AddressBook addressBook = p.parse(json, AddressBook.<jk>class</jk>);
 * </p>
 */
@ConfigurableContext(nocache=true)
public final class ParserGroup extends BeanContext {

	/**
	 * An unmodifiable empty parser group.
	 */
	public static final ParserGroup EMPTY = create().build();

	// Maps Content-Type headers to matches.
	private final ConcurrentHashMap<String,ParserMatch> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

	private final MediaType[] mediaTypes;            // List of media types
	private final List<MediaType> mediaTypesList;
	private final Parser[] mediaTypeParsers;
	private final List<Parser> parsers;

	/**
	 * Instantiates a new clean-slate {@link ParserGroupBuilder} object.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * This is equivalent to simply calling <code><jk>new</jk> ParserGroupBuilder()</code>.
	 *
	 * @return A new {@link ParserGroupBuilder} object.
	 */
	public static ParserGroupBuilder create() {
		return new ParserGroupBuilder();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a builder that's a copy of the settings on this parser group.
	 *
	 * @return A new {@link ParserGroupBuilder} initialized to this group.
	 */
	@Override /* Context */
	public ParserGroupBuilder builder() {
		return new ParserGroupBuilder(this);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @param ps
	 * 	The modifiable properties that were used to initialize the parsers.
	 * 	A snapshot of these will be made so that we can clone and modify this group.
	 * @param parsers
	 * 	The parsers defined in this group.
	 * 	The order is important because they will be tried in reverse order (e.g. newer first) in which they will be
	 * 	tried to match against media types.
	 */
	public ParserGroup(PropertyStore ps, Parser[] parsers) {
		super(ps);
		this.parsers = immutableList(parsers);

		List<MediaType> lmt = new ArrayList<>();
		List<Parser> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (Parser p : parsers) {
			for (MediaType m: p.getMediaTypes()) {
				lmt.add(m);
				l.add(p);
			}
		}

		this.mediaTypes = lmt.toArray(new MediaType[lmt.size()]);
		this.mediaTypesList = unmodifiableList(lmt);
		this.mediaTypeParsers = l.toArray(new Parser[l.size()]);
	}

	/**
	 * Searches the group for a parser that can handle the specified <l>Content-Type</l> header value.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * The returned object includes both the parser and media type that matched.
	 *
	 * @param contentTypeHeader The HTTP <l>Content-Type</l> header value.
	 * @return The parser and media type that matched the content type header, or <jk>null</jk> if no match was made.
	 */
	public ParserMatch getParserMatch(String contentTypeHeader) {
		ParserMatch pm = cache.get(contentTypeHeader);
		if (pm != null)
			return pm;

		ContentType ct = ContentType.forString(contentTypeHeader);
		int match = ct.findMatch(mediaTypes);

		if (match >= 0) {
			pm = new ParserMatch(mediaTypes[match], mediaTypeParsers[match]);
			cache.putIfAbsent(contentTypeHeader, pm);
		}

		return cache.get(contentTypeHeader);
	}

	/**
	 * Same as {@link #getParserMatch(String)} but matches using a {@link MediaType} instance.
	 *
	 * @param mediaType The HTTP <l>Content-Type</l> header value as a media type.
	 * @return The parser and media type that matched the media type, or <jk>null</jk> if no match was made.
	 */
	public ParserMatch getParserMatch(MediaType mediaType) {
		return getParserMatch(mediaType.toString());
	}

	/**
	 * Same as {@link #getParserMatch(String)} but returns just the matched parser.
	 *
	 * @param contentTypeHeader The HTTP <l>Content-Type</l> header string.
	 * @return The parser that matched the content type header, or <jk>null</jk> if no match was made.
	 */
	public Parser getParser(String contentTypeHeader) {
		ParserMatch pm = getParserMatch(contentTypeHeader);
		return pm == null ? null : pm.getParser();
	}

	/**
	 * Same as {@link #getParserMatch(MediaType)} but returns just the matched parser.
	 *
	 * @param mediaType The HTTP media type.
	 * @return The parser that matched the media type, or <jk>null</jk> if no match was made.
	 */
	public Parser getParser(MediaType mediaType) {
		ParserMatch pm = getParserMatch(mediaType);
		return pm == null ? null : pm.getParser();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the media types that all parsers in this group can handle
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * Entries are ordered in the same order as the parsers in the group.
	 *
	 * @return An unmodifiable list of media types.
	 */
	public List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes() {
		return mediaTypesList;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the parsers in this group.
	 *
	 * @return An unmodifiable list of parsers in this group.
	 */
	public List<Parser> getParsers() {
		return parsers;
	}
}