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MockRest

<p>
	The {@link oajr.mock2.MockRest} class is used for performing serverless unit testing of {@link oajr.annotation.Rest @Rest}-annotated
	classes.  These include both parent resource classes that extend from {@link oajr.RestServlet} and child resources that do not.
</p>
<p>
	The API consists of the following classes:
</p>	
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jp'>{@link oajr.mock2}
	<ul>
		<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest}
			<br>The API for instantiating mocks of REST resource classes.
		<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest}
			<br>An implementation of {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest} with additional convenience methods for building requests.
		<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse}
			<br>An implementation of {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest} with additional convenience methods for testing responses.
	</ul>
</ul>
<p>
	The following shows a simple example of invoking a PUT method on a simple REST interface and asserting
	the correct status code and response body: 
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jk>public class</jk> MockTest {
	
		<jc>// Our REST resource to test.</jc>
		<ja>@Rest</ja>(
			serializers=SimpleJsonSerializer.<jk>class</jk>, 
			parsers=JsonParser.<jk>class</jk>
		)
		<jk>public static class</jk> EchoRest {
	
			<ja>@RestMethod</ja>(
				name=<jsf>PUT</jsf>, 
				path=<js>"/echo"</js>
			)
			<jk>public</jk> String echo(<ja>@Body</ja> String body) {
				<jk>return</jk> body;
			}
		}
	
		<jc>// Our JUnit test.</jc>
		<ja>@Test</ja>
		<jk>public void</jk> testEcho() <jk>throws</jk> Exception {
		
			MockRest mr = MockRest.<jsm>build</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>);
			
			mr
				.put(<js>"/echo"</js>, <js>"'foo'"</js>)
				.execute()
				.assertStatus(200)
				.assertBody(<js>"'foo'"</js>);
		}
	}
</p>
<p>
	Breaking apart the fluent method call above will help you understand how this works.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
 	<ja>@Test</ja>
	<jk>public void</jk> testEcho() <jk>throws</jk> Exception {
      
		<jc>// Instantiate our mock.</jc>
		MockRest mr = MockRest.<jsm>build</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>);
      
		<jc>// Create a request.</jc>
		MockServletRequest req = mr.put(<js>"/echo"</js>, <js>"'foo'"</js>);
      
		<jc>// Execute it (by calling RestCallHandler.service(...) and then returning the response object).</jc>
		MockServletResponse res = req.execute();
      
		<jc>// Run assertion tests on the results.</jc>
		res.assertStatus(200);
		res.assertBody(<js>"'foo'"</js>);
	}
</p>
<p>
	The concept of the design is simple.  The {@link oajr.mock2.MockRest} class is used to create instances of {@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest}
	and {@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse} which are passed directly to the call handler on the resource class {@link oajr.RestCallHandler#service(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse)}.
	In effect, you're fully testing your REST API as if it were running in a live servlet container, yet not
	actually having to run in a servlet container.
</p>
<p>
	The <c>create(Object)</c> method can take in either <c>Class</c> objects or pre-instantiated beans.
	The latter is particularly useful for testing Spring beans.
</p>
<hr>
<p>
	By default, the {@link oajr.mock2.MockRest} class specifies the following request headers:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	Accept: application/json+simple
	Content-Type: application/json
</p>
<p>
	The reason for using <js>"application/json+simple"</js> as the default is that it significantly simplifies
	testing by allowing you to compare response content with simple Java strings without having to escape lots
	of quotes:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jc>// Using Simple JSON</jc>
	mr.assertBody(<js>"{foo:'bar':baz:123}"</js>);
	
	<jc>// Using normal JSON</jc>
	mr.assertBody(<js>"{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"baz\":123}"</js>);
</p>
<p>
	Other media types headers can be specified via any of the following methods:
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#build(Object,Marshall) build(Object,Marshall)} - Use media types defined on a marshall.
	<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#build(Object,Serializer,Parser) build(Object,Serializer,Parser)} - Use media types defined on a serializer and parser.
	<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest.Builder#accept(String) accept(String)} - Explicitly set the <c>Accept</c> header.
	<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest.Builder#contentType(String) contentType(String)} - Explicitly set the <c>Content-Type</c> header.
</ul>
<p>
	Various other convenience methods for common media types are also provided.
</p>
<p>
	The following examples are functionally equivalent for specifying XML serialization:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	MockRest mr;

	mr = MockRest.<jsm>build</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>, Xml.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>);
	
	mr = MockRest.<jsm>build</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>, XmlSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>, XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>);
	
	mr = MockRest.<jsm>create</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>).marshall(Xml.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>).build();
	
	mr = MockRest.<jsm>create</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>).serializer(XmlSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>).parser(XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>).build();
	
	mr = MockRest.<jsm>create</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>).accept(<js>"text/xml"</js>).contentType(<js>"text/xml"</js>).build();
	
	mr = MockRest.<jsm>create</jsm>(EchoRest.<jk>class</jk>).xml().build();
</p>
<hr>
<p>
	The {@link oajr.mock2.MockRest} class provides the following methods for creating requests:
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest}
	<ul>
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#request(String,String) request(String,String)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#request(String,String,Object) request(String,String,Object)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#get(String) get(String)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#put(String,Object) put(String,Object)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#post(String,Object) post(String,Object)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#delete(String) delete(String)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#patch(String,Object) patch(String,Object)} 
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockRest#options(String) options(String)} 
	</ul>
</ul>
<p>
	For HTTP methods that pass a request body (i.e. <c>PUT</c>,<c>POST</c><c>PATCH</c>), the body object can be any of the following types:
</p>
<ul>
	<li><c><jk>byte</jk>[]</c>
	<li>{@link java.io.Reader}
	<li>{@link java.io.InputStream}
	<li>{@link java.lang.CharSequence}
</ul>
<p>
	All other body object types are converted to strings using the <c>toString()</c> method.
</p>
<p>
	A common tactic is to override a bean's <c>toString()</c> method to return Simple JSON so that
	instances can be passed to the methods above.
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	<jk>public class</jk> MyBean {
	
		...
		
		<ja>@Override</ja>
		<jk>public</jk> String toString() {
			SimpleJson.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.toString(<jk>this</jk>);
		}
	}
</p>
<p>
	The {@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest} class provides default implementations for all the methods defined
	on the {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest} in addition to many convenience methods.
</p>
<p>
	The following fluent convenience methods are provided for setting common <c>Accept</c> and <c>Content-Type</c> headers.
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest}
	<ul>
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#json() json()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#xml() xml()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#html() html()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#plainText() plainText()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#msgpack() msgpack()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#uon() uon()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#urlEnc() urlEnc()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#yaml() yaml()}
	</ul>
</ul>
<p>
	The following fluent convenience methods are provided for building up your request.
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest}
	<ul>
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#header(String,Object) header(String,Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#query(String,Object) query(String,Object}}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#formData(String,Object) formData(String,Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#attribute(String,Object) attribute(String,Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#body(Object) body(Object)}
	</ul>
</ul>
<p>
	Fluent setters are provided for all common request headers:
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest}
	<ul>
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#accept(Object) accept(Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#acceptCharset(Object) acceptCharset(Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#acceptEncoding(Object) acceptEncoding(Object)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletRequest#acceptLanguage(Object) acceptLanguage(Object)}
		<li class='jm'>...
	</ul>
</ul>
<p>
	The {@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse} class provides default implementations for all the methods defined
	on the {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse} in addition to many convenience methods.
</p>
<ul class='javatree'>
	<li class='jc'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse}
	<ul>
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#getBody() getBody()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#getBodyAsString() getBodyAsString()}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertStatus(int) assertStatus(int)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertBody(String) assertBody(String)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertBodyContains(String...) assertBodyContains(String...)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertBodyMatches(String) assertBodyMatches(String)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertBodyMatchesRE(String) assertBodyMatchesRE(String)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertHeader(String,String) assertHeader(String,String)}
		<li class='jm'>{@link oajr.mock2.MockServletResponse#assertHeaderContains(String,String...) assertHeaderContains(String,String...)}
	</ul>
</ul>	
<hr>
<p>
	The {@link oajr.mock2.MockRest} class has a debug mode that will cause your HTTP requests and responses to
	be sent to the console:
</p>
<p class='bpcode w800'>
	MockRest mr = MockRest
		.<jsm>create</jsm>(MyRest.<jk>class</jk>)
		.debug()
		.simpleJson()
		.build();
</p>