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 <div class="section">
 <h1 id="junit">27. JUnit Sampler Tutorial<a class="sectionlink" href="#junit" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </h1>


 <p>
 This tutorial attempts to explain the basic design, functionality and usage of the new JUnit Sampler for JMeter.
 The sampler was introduced in version 2.1.2 release of JMeter. Earlier releases do not have the sampler.
 </p>


 <div class="subsection">
 <h2 id="design">27.1 Design<a class="sectionlink" href="#design" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </h2>


 <p>
 The current implementation supports standard JUnit convention and extensions, like <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span>
 and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>. Other features can be added on request. The sampler works like the JavaSampler
 with some differences.
 </p>


 <ul>

 <li>Rather than use JMeter's test interface, it scans the jar files for classes extending JUnit's
       <span class="code">TestCase</span> class. This means any class or subclass.</li>

 <li>JUnit test jar files are copied to <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> instead of
       <span class="code">jmeter/lib</span>
 </li>

 <li>JUnit sampler does not use name/value pairs for configuration. The sampler assumes
       <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> will configure the test correctly.
       <div class="clear"></div>
 <div class="note">Note: <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> methods must be declared <span class="code">public</span>,
        so that JMeter can use it.</div>
 <div class="clear"></div>

 </li>

 <li>The sampler measures the elapsed time only for the test method and does not include
       <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>.
   </li>

 <li>Each time the test method is called, JMeter will pass the result to the listeners.</li>

 <li>Support for <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span> is done as a method.
       Since JMeter is multi-threaded, we cannot call <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span>/<span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>
       the same way maven does it.</li>

 <li>The sampler reports unexpected exceptions as errors.</li>

 </ul>


 </div>


 <div class="subsection">
 <h2 id="functionality">27.2 Functionality<a class="sectionlink" href="#functionality" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </h2>


 <p>
 Here is a description of the functionality.
 </p>


 <dl>

 <dt>Name</dt>
 <dd>name for the sample. This is the same as all JMeter samplers.</dd>

 <dt>Package Filter</dt>
 <dd>provides a way to filter the classes by package name.</dd>

 <dt>Classname</dt>
 <dd>the name of the class to test. The sampler will scan the jar files in
       <span class="code">jmeter/lib/ext</span> and <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> for classes extending
       JUnit's <span class="code">TestCase</span>.</dd>

 <dt>Constructor String</dt>
 <dd>a string to pass to the string constructor of the test class.</dd>

 <dt>Test Method</dt>
 <dd>the name of the method to test in the sampler.</dd>

 <dt>Success message</dt>
 <dd>a descriptive message indicating what success means.</dd>

 <dt>Success code</dt>
 <dd>an unique code indicating the test was successful.</dd>

 <dt>Failure message</dt>
 <dd>a descriptive message indicating what failure means.</dd>

 <dt>Failure code</dt>
 <dd>an unique code indicating the test failed</dd>

 <dt>Error message</dt>
 <dd>a description for errors</dd>

 <dt>Error code</dt>
 <dd>some code for errors. Does not need to be unique</dd>

 <dt>Do not call <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>
 </dt>
 <dd>set the sampler not
       to call <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>. By default, <span class="code">setUp</span> and
       <span class="code">tearDown</span> should be called. Not calling those methods could affect the test and
       make it inaccurate. This option should be used with caution.
       <div class="clear"></div>
 <div class="note">If the selected method is <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> or <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>,
       this option should be checked.</div>
 <div class="clear"></div>
 </dd>

 <dt>Append assertion error</dt>
 <dd>By default, the sampler will not append the assert failures
       to the failure message. To see the message in the result tree, check the option.</dd>

 <dt>Append runtime exception</dt>
 <dd>By default, the sampler will not append the exceptions
       to the failure message. To see the stacktrace, check the option</dd>

 </dl>


 <figure>
 <a href="../images/screenshots/junit_sampler.png"><img src="../images/screenshots/junit_sampler.png" width="397" height="536" alt="JUnit Request"></a>
 <figcaption>JUnit Request</figcaption>
 </figure>


 <p>
 The current implementation of the sampler will try to create an instance using the string constructor
 first. If the test class does not declare a string constructor, the sampler will look for an empty
 constructor. Example below:
 </p>


 <div class="example">
 <div class="title">Constructor Examples<a class="sectionlink" href="#constructor-examples" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </div>
 Empty Constructor:
 <pre class="source">
 public class myTestCase {
   public myTestCase() {}
 }
 </pre>

 String Constructor:
 <pre class="source">
 public class myTestCase {
   public myTestCase(String text) {
     super(text);
   }
 }
 </pre>

 </div>


 <p>
 By default, JMeter will provide some default values for the success/failure code and message.
 Users should define a set of unique success and failure codes and use them uniformly across all tests.
 </p>


 </div>


 <div class="subsection">
 <h2 id="usage">27.3 Usage<a class="sectionlink" href="#usage" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </h2>


 <p>
 Here is a short step-by-step.
 </p>


 <ol>

 <li>Write your JUnit test and jar the classes</li>

 <li>Copy and paste the jar files into <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> directory</li>

 <li>Start JMeter</li>

 <li>Select <span class="code">Test Plan</span>
 </li>

 <li>Right click
      <span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<span class="guimenuitem">Thread Group</span></span>
 </li>

 <li>Select <span class="code">Thread Group</span>
 </li>

 <li>Right click
       <span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<span class="guimenuitem">Sampler</span>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<span class="guimenuitem">JUnit Request</span></span>
 </li>

 <li>Enter <span class="code">my unit test</span> in the name</li>

 <li>Enter the package of your JUnit test</li>

 <li>Select the class you want to test</li>

 <li>Select a method to test</li>

 <li>Enter <span class="code">test successful</span> in success message</li>

 <li>Enter <span class="code">1000</span> in success code</li>

 <li>Enter <span class="code">test failed</span> in failure message</li>

 <li>Enter <span class="code">0001</span> in failure code</li>

 <li>Select the Thread Group</li>

 <li>Right click
       <span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<span class="guimenuitem">Listener</span>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<span class="guimenuitem">View Results Tree</span></span>
 </li>

 </ol>


 <p>
 One benefit of the JUnit sampler is it allows the user to select any method from a variety
 of unit tests to create a test plan. This should reduce the amount of code an user needs to
 write to create a variety of test scenarios. From a basic set of test methods, different
 sequences and tests can be created using JMeter's GUI.
 </p>


 <p>
 For example:
 </p>


 <p>
 Test Plan1
 <pre class="source">
 TestCase1.testImportCustomer
 TestCase2.testUpdateRandomCustomer
 TestCase1.testSelect100
 TestCase2.testUpdateOrder
 TestCase1.testSelect1000
 </pre>

 </p>


 <p>
 TestPlan2
 <pre class="source">
 TestCase1.testImportCustomer
 TestCase1.testSelect100
 TestCase1.testSelect1000
 TestCase2.testAdd100Customers
 </pre>

 </p>


 </div>


 <div class="subsection">
 <h2 id="guidelines">27.4 General Guidelines<a class="sectionlink" href="#guidelines" title="Link to here">&para;</a>
 </h2>


 <p>
 Here are some general guidelines for writing JUnit tests so they work well with JMeter. Since JMeter
 runs multi-threaded, it is important to keep certain things in mind.
 </p>


 <ul>

 <li>Write the <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> methods so they are thread safe. This
       generally means avoid using static members.</li>

 <li>Make the test methods discrete units of work and not long sequences of actions. By keeping
       the test method to a discrete operation, it makes it easier to combine test methods to create
       new test plans.</li>

 <li>Avoid making test methods depend on each other. Since JMeter allows arbitrary sequencing of
       test methods, the runtime behavior is different than the default JUnit behavior.</li>

 <li>If a test method is configurable, be careful about where the properties are stored. Reading
       the properties from the Jar file is recommended.</li>

 <li>Each sampler creates an instance of the test class, so write your test so the setup happens
       in <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>.</li>

 <li>If you select a class and no methods show up, it means the sampler had a problem creating an
       instance of the test class. The best way to debug this is to add some <span class="code">System.out</span>
       to your class constructor and see what is happening.</li>

 </ul>


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	<div class="section">
	<h1 id="junit">27. JUnit Sampler Tutorial<a class="sectionlink" href="#junit" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</h1>


	<p>
	This tutorial attempts to explain the basic design, functionality and usage of the new JUnit Sampler for JMeter.
	The sampler was introduced in version 2.1.2 release of JMeter. Earlier releases do not have the sampler.
	</p>


	<div class="subsection">
	<h2 id="design">27.1 Design<a class="sectionlink" href="#design" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</h2>


	<p>
	The current implementation supports standard JUnit convention and extensions, like <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span>
	and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>. Other features can be added on request. The sampler works like the JavaSampler
	with some differences.
	</p>


	<ul>

	<li>Rather than use JMeter's test interface, it scans the jar files for classes extending JUnit's
	<span class="code">TestCase</span> class. This means any class or subclass.</li>

	<li>JUnit test jar files are copied to <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> instead of
	<span class="code">jmeter/lib</span>
	</li>

	<li>JUnit sampler does not use name/value pairs for configuration. The sampler assumes
	<span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> will configure the test correctly.
	<div class="clear"></div>
	<div class="note">Note: <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> methods must be declared <span class="code">public</span>,
	so that JMeter can use it.</div>
	<div class="clear"></div>

	</li>

	<li>The sampler measures the elapsed time only for the test method and does not include
	<span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>.
	</li>

	<li>Each time the test method is called, JMeter will pass the result to the listeners.</li>

	<li>Support for <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span> is done as a method.
	Since JMeter is multi-threaded, we cannot call <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span>/<span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>
	the same way maven does it.</li>

	<li>The sampler reports unexpected exceptions as errors.</li>

	</ul>


	</div>


	<div class="subsection">
	<h2 id="functionality">27.2 Functionality<a class="sectionlink" href="#functionality" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</h2>


	<p>
	Here is a description of the functionality.
	</p>


	<dl>

	<dt>Name</dt>
	<dd>name for the sample. This is the same as all JMeter samplers.</dd>

	<dt>Package Filter</dt>
	<dd>provides a way to filter the classes by package name.</dd>

	<dt>Classname</dt>
	<dd>the name of the class to test. The sampler will scan the jar files in
	<span class="code">jmeter/lib/ext</span> and <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> for classes extending
	JUnit's <span class="code">TestCase</span>.</dd>

	<dt>Constructor String</dt>
	<dd>a string to pass to the string constructor of the test class.</dd>

	<dt>Test Method</dt>
	<dd>the name of the method to test in the sampler.</dd>

	<dt>Success message</dt>
	<dd>a descriptive message indicating what success means.</dd>

	<dt>Success code</dt>
	<dd>an unique code indicating the test was successful.</dd>

	<dt>Failure message</dt>
	<dd>a descriptive message indicating what failure means.</dd>

	<dt>Failure code</dt>
	<dd>an unique code indicating the test failed</dd>

	<dt>Error message</dt>
	<dd>a description for errors</dd>

	<dt>Error code</dt>
	<dd>some code for errors. Does not need to be unique</dd>

	<dt>Do not call <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>
	</dt>
	<dd>set the sampler not
	to call <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span>. By default, <span class="code">setUp</span> and
	<span class="code">tearDown</span> should be called. Not calling those methods could affect the test and
	make it inaccurate. This option should be used with caution.
	<div class="clear"></div>
	<div class="note">If the selected method is <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> or <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>,
	this option should be checked.</div>
	<div class="clear"></div>
	</dd>

	<dt>Append assertion error</dt>
	<dd>By default, the sampler will not append the assert failures
	to the failure message. To see the message in the result tree, check the option.</dd>

	<dt>Append runtime exception</dt>
	<dd>By default, the sampler will not append the exceptions
	to the failure message. To see the stacktrace, check the option</dd>

	</dl>


	<figure>
	<a href="../images/screenshots/junit_sampler.png"><img src="../images/screenshots/junit_sampler.png" width="397" height="536" alt="JUnit Request"></a>
	<figcaption>JUnit Request</figcaption>
	</figure>


	<p>
	The current implementation of the sampler will try to create an instance using the string constructor
	first. If the test class does not declare a string constructor, the sampler will look for an empty
	constructor. Example below:
	</p>


	<div class="example">
	<div class="title">Constructor Examples<a class="sectionlink" href="#constructor-examples" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</div>
	Empty Constructor:
	<pre class="source">
	public class myTestCase {
	public myTestCase() {}
	}
	</pre>

	String Constructor:
	<pre class="source">
	public class myTestCase {
	public myTestCase(String text) {
	super(text);
	}
	}
	</pre>

	</div>


	<p>
	By default, JMeter will provide some default values for the success/failure code and message.
	Users should define a set of unique success and failure codes and use them uniformly across all tests.
	</p>


	</div>


	<div class="subsection">
	<h2 id="usage">27.3 Usage<a class="sectionlink" href="#usage" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</h2>


	<p>
	Here is a short step-by-step.
	</p>


	<ol>

	<li>Write your JUnit test and jar the classes</li>

	<li>Copy and paste the jar files into <span class="code">jmeter/lib/junit</span> directory</li>

	<li>Start JMeter</li>

	<li>Select <span class="code">Test Plan</span>
	</li>

	<li>Right click
	<span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Thread Group</span></span>
	</li>

	<li>Select <span class="code">Thread Group</span>
	</li>

	<li>Right click
	<span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Sampler</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">JUnit Request</span></span>
	</li>

	<li>Enter <span class="code">my unit test</span> in the name</li>

	<li>Enter the package of your JUnit test</li>

	<li>Select the class you want to test</li>

	<li>Select a method to test</li>

	<li>Enter <span class="code">test successful</span> in success message</li>

	<li>Enter <span class="code">1000</span> in success code</li>

	<li>Enter <span class="code">test failed</span> in failure message</li>

	<li>Enter <span class="code">0001</span> in failure code</li>

	<li>Select the Thread Group</li>

	<li>Right click
	<span class="menuchoice"><span class="guimenuitem">Add</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Listener</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">View Results Tree</span></span>
	</li>

	</ol>


	<p>
	One benefit of the JUnit sampler is it allows the user to select any method from a variety
	of unit tests to create a test plan. This should reduce the amount of code an user needs to
	write to create a variety of test scenarios. From a basic set of test methods, different
	sequences and tests can be created using JMeter's GUI.
	</p>


	<p>
	For example:
	</p>


	<p>
	Test Plan1
	<pre class="source">
	TestCase1.testImportCustomer
	TestCase2.testUpdateRandomCustomer
	TestCase1.testSelect100
	TestCase2.testUpdateOrder
	TestCase1.testSelect1000
	</pre>

	</p>


	<p>
	TestPlan2
	<pre class="source">
	TestCase1.testImportCustomer
	TestCase1.testSelect100
	TestCase1.testSelect1000
	TestCase2.testAdd100Customers
	</pre>

	</p>


	</div>


	<div class="subsection">
	<h2 id="guidelines">27.4 General Guidelines<a class="sectionlink" href="#guidelines" title="Link to here">¶</a>
	</h2>


	<p>
	Here are some general guidelines for writing JUnit tests so they work well with JMeter. Since JMeter
	runs multi-threaded, it is important to keep certain things in mind.
	</p>


	<ul>

	<li>Write the <span class="code">setUp</span> and <span class="code">tearDown</span> methods so they are thread safe. This
	generally means avoid using static members.</li>

	<li>Make the test methods discrete units of work and not long sequences of actions. By keeping
	the test method to a discrete operation, it makes it easier to combine test methods to create
	new test plans.</li>

	<li>Avoid making test methods depend on each other. Since JMeter allows arbitrary sequencing of
	test methods, the runtime behavior is different than the default JUnit behavior.</li>

	<li>If a test method is configurable, be careful about where the properties are stored. Reading
	the properties from the Jar file is recommended.</li>

	<li>Each sampler creates an instance of the test class, so write your test so the setup happens
	in <span class="code">oneTimeSetUp</span> and <span class="code">oneTimeTearDown</span>.</li>

	<li>If you select a class and no methods show up, it means the sampler had a problem creating an
	instance of the test class. The best way to debug this is to add some <span class="code">System.out</span>
	to your class constructor and see what is happening.</li>

	</ul>


	</div>


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