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<h1 class="title">SPARQL Tutorial - Datasets</h1>
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<h2 class="h6 sticky-top m-0 p-2 bg-body-tertiary">On this page</h2>
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<li><a href="#consultando-datasets">Consultando datasets</a>
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<li><a href="#dados-de-exemplo">Dados de exemplo</a></li>
<li><a href="#acessando-o-dataset">Acessando o Dataset</a></li>
<li><a href="#consultando-um-grafo-especifico">Consultando um grafo especifico</a></li>
<li><a href="#consulta-para-encontrar-dados-de-grafos-que-casam-com-um-padrão">Consulta para encontrar dados de grafos que casam com um padrão</a></li>
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<li><a href="#descrevendo-datasets-rdf----from-e-from-named">Descrevendo datasets RDF - <code>FROM</code> e <code>FROM NAMED</code></a></li>
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<p>Essa sessão cobre datasets RDF – um dataset RDF é a unidade consultada por uma consulta SPARQL.
Ele consiste de um grafo padrão, e certo número de grafos nomeados.</p>
<h2 id="consultando-datasets">Consultando datasets</h2>
<p>As operações de casamento de grafos
(<a href="sparql_basic_patterns_pt.html">padrões básicos</a>,
<a href="sparql_optionals_pt.html"><code>OPTIONAL</code>s</a>, e <a href="sparql_union_pt.html"><code>UNION</code>s</a>) funcionam em um grafo RDF. Isso começa por ser o grafo padrão do conjunto de dados,
mas pode ser alterado pela palavra-chave <code>GRAPH</code>.
GRAPH uri { &hellip; padrão &hellip; }</p>
<pre><code>GRAPH var { ... padrão ... }
</code></pre>
<p>Se um URI é fornecido, o padrão vai ser casado contra o grafo no dataset com esse nome – se não houver um,
então clausula <code>GRAPH</code> falhará ao tentar casar.</p>
<p>Se uma variável é dada, todos os grafos nomeados (não o grafo padrão)
são testados. A variável pode ser usada em outro lugar, então, durante a execução, esse valor
já é conhecido para a solução, somente o grafo nomeado é testado.</p>
<h3 id="dados-de-exemplo">Dados de exemplo</h3>
<p>Um dataset RDF pode ter várias formas.
A instalação comum é ter o grafo padrão sendo a união (o merge RDF)
de todos os grafos nomeados e ter o grafo padrão como um inventário de
grafos nomeados (de onde eles vieram, quando eles foram lidos, etc.). Não há limitações – um grafo pode ser incluído duas vezes sob diferentes nomes,
ou alguns grafos podem compartilhar triplas com outros.</p>
<p>Nos exemplos abaixo, vamos usar o seguinte dataset que pode ocorrer para um
RDF agregador de um livro de detalhes:</p>
<p>Grafo padrão (<a href="sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl">ds-dft.ttl</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">@prefix</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">@prefix</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd:</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;ds-ng-1.ttl&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-07-14T03:18:56+0100&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;ds-ng-2.ttl&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-09-22T05:53:05+0100&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Grafo nomeado (<a href="sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl">ds-ng-1.ttl</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">@prefix</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>[]<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Philospher&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>[]<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Grafo nomeado (<a href="sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl">ds-ng-2.ttl</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">@prefix</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b8860b">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>[]<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Sorcerer&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>[]<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>.<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Isto é, nós temos dois pequenos grafos descrevendo alguns livros,
e nós temos um grafo padrão que armazena quando esses grafos foram lidos pela última vez.</p>
<p>As consultas podem ser executadas via linha de comando (tudo numa linha):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ java -cp ... arq.sparql
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> --graph ds-dft.ttl --namedgraph ds-ng-1.ttl --namedgraph ds-ng-2.ttl
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> --query query file
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Datasets não têm que ser criados só para o tempo de vida da consulta.
Eles podem ser criados e armazenados num banco de dados, o que seria mais usual para uma aplicação agregadora.</p>
<h3 id="acessando-o-dataset">Acessando o Dataset</h3>
<p>O primeiro exemplo apenas acessa o grafo padrão:
(<a href="sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq">q-ds-1.rq</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sparql" data-lang="sparql"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> : <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;.&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#666">*</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>{ <span style="color:#b8860b">?s</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?p</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?o</span> }
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>(O &ldquo;<code>PREFIX : &lt;.&gt;</code>&rdquo; apenas ajuda a formatar a saída)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="">----------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">s</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">p</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">o</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">======================================================================</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-2</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-1</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-07-14T03:18:56+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">----------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Este é somente o grafo padrão – nada dos grafos nomeados porque eles não são consultados a menos que
seja informado explicitamente via <code>GRAPH</code>.</p>
<p>Nós podemos consultar todas as triplas ao consultar o grafo padrão e os grafos nomeados:
(<a href="sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq">q-ds-2.rq</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sparql" data-lang="sparql"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> : <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;.&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#666">*</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?s</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?p</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?o</span> } <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">UNION</span> { <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">GRAPH</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?g</span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?s</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?p</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?o</span> } }
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>resultando em:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">s</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">p</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">o</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">g</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">=======================================================================================</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-2</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-1</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-07-14T03:18:56+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">_</span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">b0</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Sorcerer&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-2</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">_</span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">b1</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-2</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">_</span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">b2</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-1</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">_</span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">b3</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Philospher&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">:</span><span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-1</span>.<span style="">ttl</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="consultando-um-grafo-especifico">Consultando um grafo especifico</h3>
<p>Se a aplicação souber o nome do grafo, ele pode consultar diretamente títulos num grafo dado:
(<a href="sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq">q-ds-3.rq</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sparql" data-lang="sparql"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> : <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;.&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?title</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">GRAPH</span> :<span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">ds-ng-2.ttl</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?b</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>:<span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?title</span> }
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Resultados:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="">---------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">=============================================</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Sorcerer&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">---------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="consulta-para-encontrar-dados-de-grafos-que-casam-com-um-padrão">Consulta para encontrar dados de grafos que casam com um padrão</h3>
<p>O nome dos grafos a ser consultados podem ser determinados na consulta.<br>
O mesmo processo se aplica a variáveis se elas são parte de
um padrão de grafo ou na forma <code>GRAPH</code> form. A consulta abaixo
(<a href="sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq">q-ds-4.rq</a>) seta uma condição nas variáveis
usadas para selecionar grafos nomeados, baseada na informação do grafo padrão.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sparql" data-lang="sparql"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> : <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;.&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?date</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?title</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?g</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>:<span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">date</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?date</span> . <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">FILTER</span> (<span style="color:#b8860b">?date</span> <span style="color:#666">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-08-01T00:00:00Z&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd</span>:<span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">dateTime</span> )
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">GRAPH</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?g</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?b</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>:<span style="color:#008000;font-weight:bold">title</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?title</span> }
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>O resultado da consulta no dataset de exemplo são títulos em um dos grafos, o grafo com data anterior a 1 de agosto de 2005.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-turtle" data-lang="turtle"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">date</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">title</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">=========================================================================================</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Sorcerer&#39;s Stone&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00&#34;</span><span style="color:#666">^^</span><span style="font-style:italic">xsd:dateTime</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="">|</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#bbb"></span><span style="">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="descrevendo-datasets-rdf----from-e-from-named">Descrevendo datasets RDF - <code>FROM</code> e <code>FROM NAMED</code></h2>
<p>À execução de um consulta pode ser dado o dataset quando o objeto da execução é construído ou ele pode ser
descrito na própria consulta. Quando os detalhes estão na linha de comando,
um dataset temporário é criado, mas uma aplicação pode criar datasets e então usá-los em várias consultas.</p>
<p>Quando descrito na consulta, <code>FROM &lt;i&gt;url&lt;/i&gt;</code> é usado para identificar o conteúdo a preencher o grafo padrão.
Pode haver mais de uma cláusula <code>FROM</code> e o grafo padrão é resultado da leitura de cada arquivo no grafo padrão.
Isto é o merge de RDF de grafos individuais.</p>
<p>Não se confunda com o fato de um grafo padrão ser descrito por uma ou mais URL na clausula <code>FROM</code>.
Esse é o lugar de onde o dado é lido, não o nome do grafo.
Como muitas cláusulas FROM podem ser fornecidas, o dado pode ser lido de vários lugares,
mas nenhum deles se torna o nome do grafo.</p>
<p><code>FROM NAMED &lt;i&gt;url&lt;/i&gt;</code> é usado para identificar o grafo nomeado. Ao grafo é dado a url e o dado é lido daquela localização.
Múltiplas clausulas <code>FROM NAMED</code> causam em muitos grafos para serem adicionados ao dataset.</p>
<p>Por exemplo, a consulta para buscar todas as triplas em ambos o grafo padrão e os grafos nomeados poderia ser escrita como
(<a href="sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq">q-ds-5.rq</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sparql" data-lang="sparql"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">xsd</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> <span style="color:#00f;font-weight:bold">dc</span>: <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">PREFIX</span> : <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;.&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#666">*</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">FROM</span> <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;ds-dft.ttl&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">FROM NAMED</span> <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;ds-ng-1.ttl&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">FROM NAMED</span> <span style="color:#a0a000">&lt;ds-ng-2.ttl&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>{
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?s</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?p</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?o</span> } <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">UNION</span> { <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">GRAPH</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?g</span> { <span style="color:#b8860b">?s</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?p</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">?o</span> } }
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p><a href="sparql_results_pt.html">Next: Resultados</a></p>
</article>
<aside class="text-muted align-self-start mb-3 mb-xl-5 p-0 d-none d-xl-flex flex-column sticky-top">
<h2 class="h6 sticky-top m-0 p-2 bg-body-tertiary">On this page</h2>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#consultando-datasets">Consultando datasets</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#dados-de-exemplo">Dados de exemplo</a></li>
<li><a href="#acessando-o-dataset">Acessando o Dataset</a></li>
<li><a href="#consultando-um-grafo-especifico">Consultando um grafo especifico</a></li>
<li><a href="#consulta-para-encontrar-dados-de-grafos-que-casam-com-um-padrão">Consulta para encontrar dados de grafos que casam com um padrão</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#descrevendo-datasets-rdf----from-e-from-named">Descrevendo datasets RDF - <code>FROM</code> e <code>FROM NAMED</code></a></li>
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