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| <h1 class="title">SPARQL Tutorial - A First SPARQL Query</h1> |
| |
| <p>In this section, we look at a simple first query and show how to |
| execute it with Jena.</p> |
| <h2 id="a-hello-world-of-queries">A “hello world” of queries</h2> |
| <p>The file “<a href="sparql_data/q1.rq">q1.rq</a>” contains the following query:</p> |
| <pre><code>SELECT ?x |
| WHERE { ?x <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN> "John Smith" } |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>executing that query with the command line query application;</p> |
| <pre><code>--------------------------------- |
| | x | |
| ================================= |
| | <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> | |
| --------------------------------- |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>This works by matching the triple pattern in the <code>WHERE</code> clause |
| against the triples in the RDF graph. The predicate and object of |
| the triple are fixed values so the pattern is going to match only |
| triples with those values. The subject is a variable, and there are |
| no other restrictions on the variable. The pattern matches any |
| triples with these predicate and object values, and it matches with |
| solutions for <code>x</code>.</p> |
| <p>The item enclosed in <> is a URI (actually, it’s an IRI) and the |
| item enclosed in "” is a plain literal. Just like Turtle, N3 or |
| N-triples, typed literals are written with ^^ and language tags |
| can be added with @.</p> |
| <p>?x is a variable called x. The ? does not form part of the name |
| which is why it does not appear in the table output.</p> |
| <p>There is one match. The query returns the match in the <code>x</code> query |
| variable. The output shown was obtained by using one of ARQ’s |
| command line applications.</p> |
| <h2 id="executing-the-query">Executing the query</h2> |
| <p>There are <a href="/documentation/query/cmds.html">helper scripts</a> in the Jena distribution <code>bat/</code> and |
| <code>bin/</code> directories. You should check these scripts before use. They can be placed on the shell |
| command path.</p> |
| <h3 id="windows-setup">Windows setup</h3> |
| <p>Execute:</p> |
| <pre><code>bat\sparql.bat --data=doc\Tutorial\vc-db-1.rdf --query=doc\Tutorial\q1.rq |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>You can just put the <code>bat/</code> directory on your classpath or copy the |
| programs out of it.</p> |
| <h3 id="bash-scripts-for-linuxcygwinunix">bash scripts for Linux/Cygwin/Unix</h3> |
| <p>Execute:</p> |
| <pre><code>bin/sparql --data=doc/Tutorial/vc-db-1.rdf --query=doc/Tutorial/q1.rq |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="using-the-java-command-line-applications-directly">Using the Java command line applications directly</h3> |
| <p>(This is not necessary.)</p> |
| <p>You will need to set the classpath to include <em>all</em> the jar files |
| in the Jena distribution <code>lib/</code> directory.</p> |
| <pre><code>java -cp 'DIST/lib/*' arq.sparql ... |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>where <code>DIST</code> is the <code>apache-jena-VERSION</code> directory.</p> |
| <p><a href="sparql_basic_patterns.html">Next: basic patterns</a></p> |
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