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| <h1 class="title">SPARQL Tutorial - Data Formats</h1> |
| |
| <p>First, we need to be clear about what data is being queried. SPARQL |
| queries RDF graphs. An RDF graph is a set of triples (Jena calls |
| RDF graphs “models” and triples “statements” because that is what |
| they were called at the time the Jena API was first designed).</p> |
| <p>It is important to realize that it is the triples that matter, not |
| the serialization. The serialization is just a way to write the |
| triples down. RDF/XML is the W3C recommendation but it can be |
| difficult to see the triples in the serialized form because there are |
| multiple ways to encode the same graph. In this tutorial, we use a |
| more “triple-like” serialization, called |
| <a href="http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/discovery/2004/01/turtle/">Turtle</a> (see |
| also N3 language described in the |
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer">W3C semantic web primer</a>).</p> |
| <p>We will start with the simple data in <a href="sparql_data/vc-db-1.rdf">vc-db-1.rdf</a>: |
| this file contains RDF for a number of vCard descriptions of |
| people. vCards are described in |
| <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt">RFC2426</a> and the RDF |
| translation is described in the W3C note |
| “<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf.html">Representing vCard Objects in RDF/XML</a>". |
| Our example database just contains some name information.</p> |
| <p>Graphically, the data looks like:</p> |
| <p><img src="/images/vc-db.png" alt="Graph of the vCard database" title="Graph of the vCard database"></p> |
| <p>In triples, this might look like:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> . |
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| @prefix : <#> . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> |
| vCard:FN "Matt Jones" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Jones" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Matthew" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> |
| vCard:FN "Becky Smith" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Smith" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Rebecca" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> |
| vCard:FN "John Smith" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Smith" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "John" |
| ] . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> |
| vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" ; |
| vCard:N [ vCard:Family |
| "Jones" ; |
| vCard:Given |
| "Sarah" |
| ] . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>or even more explicitly as triples:</p> |
| <pre><code>@prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> . |
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:FN "Matt Jones" . |
| <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:N _:b0 . |
| _:b0 vCard:Family "Jones" . |
| _:b0 vCard:Given "Matthew" . |
| |
| |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:FN "Becky Smith" . |
| <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:N _:b1 . |
| _:b1 vCard:Family "Smith" . |
| _:b1 vCard:Given "Rebecca" . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:FN "John Smith" . |
| <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:N _:b2 . |
| _:b2 vCard:Family "Smith" . |
| _:b2 vCard:Given "John" . |
| |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" . |
| <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:N _:b3 . |
| _:b3 vCard:Family "Jones" . |
| _:b3 vCard:Given "Sarah" . |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>It is important to realize that these are the same RDF graph and |
| that the triples in the graph are in no particular order. They are |
| just written in related groups above for the human reader - the |
| machine does not care.</p> |
| <p><a href="sparql_query1.html">Next: A Simple Query</a></p> |
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