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| <h1 class="page">Distributed James Server — About RemoteDelivery error handling</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The advanced server mailQueue implemented by combining RabbitMQ for messaging and Cassandra for administrative operation |
| does not support delays.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Delays are an important feature for Mail Exchange servers, allowing to defer in time the retries, potentially letting the |
| time for the remote server to recover. Furthermore, they enable implementation of advanced features like throttling and |
| rate limiting of emails sent to a given domain.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As such, the use of the distributed server as a Mail Exchange server is currently discouraged.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>However, for operators willing to inter-operate with a limited set of well-identified, trusted remote mail servers, such |
| limitation can be reconsidered. The main concern then become error handling for remote mail server failures. The following |
| document will present a well tested strategy for Remote Delivery error handling leveraging standards Mail Processing components |
| and mechanisms.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_expectations"><a class="anchor" href="#_expectations"></a>Expectations</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Such a solution should:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Attempt delivery a single time</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Store transient and permanent failure in different mail repositories</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>After a given number of tries, transient failures should be considered permanent</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_design"><a class="anchor" href="#_design"></a>Design</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="imageblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <img src="../../_images/remote-delivery-error-handling.png" alt="Schema detailing the proposed solution"> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Remote Delivery is configured for performing a single retry.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Remote Delivery attaches the error code and if the failure is permanent/temporary when transferring failed emails to the |
| bounce processor.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The specified bounce processor will categorise the failure, and store temporary and permanent failures in different |
| mail repositories.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A reprocessing of the temporary delivery errors mailRepository needs to be scheduled in a recurring basis. For |
| instance via a CRON job calling the right webadmin endpoint.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A counter ensures that a configured number of delivery tries is not exceeded.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_limitation"><a class="anchor" href="#_limitation"></a>Limitation</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>MailRepositories are not meant for transient data storage, and thus are prone to tombstone issues.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This might be acceptable if you need to send mail to well-known peers. For instance handling your mail gateway failures. |
| However a Mail Exchange server doing relay on the internet would quickly hit this limitation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Also note that external triggering of the retry process is needed.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_operation"><a class="anchor" href="#_operation"></a>Operation</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Here is an example of configuration achieving the proposed solution:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> <processor state="relay" enableJmx="true"> |
| <!-- Perform at most 5 RemoteDelivery attemps --> |
| <mailet match="AtMost=5" class="RemoteDelivery"> |
| <outgoingQueue>outgoing</outgoingQueue> |
| <maxRetries>0</maxRetries> |
| <maxDnsProblemRetries>0</maxDnsProblemRetries> |
| <deliveryThreads>10</deliveryThreads> |
| <sendpartial>true</sendpartial> |
| <!-- Use a custom processor for error handling --> |
| <bounceProcessor>remote-delivery-error</bounceProcessor> |
| </mailet> |
| <!-- When retries are exceeded, consider the mail as a permanent failure --> |
| <mailet match="All" class="ToRepository"> |
| <repositoryPath>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/permanent/</repositoryPath> |
| </mailet> |
| </processor> |
| |
| <processor state="remote-delivery-error" enableJmx="true"> |
| <!-- Store temporary failures separately for later retries --> |
| <mailet match="IsRemoteDeliveryTemporaryError" class="ToRepository"> |
| <repositoryPath>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/temporary/</repositoryPath> |
| </mailet> |
| <!-- Store permanent failures for audit --> |
| <mailet match="IsRemoteDeliveryPermanentError" class="ToRepository"> |
| <repositoryPath>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/permanent/</repositoryPath> |
| </mailet> |
| <!-- Mail getting that far were not processed by remote delivery. |
| Likely a configuration error. --> |
| <mailet match="All" class="ToRepository"> |
| <repositoryPath>cassandra://var/mail/error/</repositoryPath> |
| </mailet> |
| </processor></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The <strong>relay</strong> processor holds a RemoteDelivery mailet configured to do a single try, at most 5 times (see the AtMost matcher). |
| Mails exceeding the AtMost condition are considered as permanent delivery errors. Delivery errors are sent to the |
| <strong>remote-delivery-error</strong> processor.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The <strong>remote-delivery-error</strong> stores temporary and permanent errors.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Permanent relay errors are stored in <code>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/permanent/</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Temporary relay errors are stored in <code>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/temporary/</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In order to retry the relay of temporary failed emails, operators will have to configure a cron job for reprocessing |
| emails from <strong>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/temporary/</strong> mailRepository into the <strong>relay</strong> processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This can be achieved via the following webAdmin call :</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>curl -XPATCH 'http://ip:8000/mailRepositories/cassandra%3A%2F%2Fvar%2Fmail%2Ferror%2Fremote-delivery%2Ftemporary%2F/mails?action=reprocess&processor=relay'</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See <a href="../operate/webadmin.html#_reprocessing_mails_from_a_mail_repository" class="xref page">the documentation</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Administrators need to keep a close eye on permanent errors (that might require audit, and potentially contacting the remote |
| service supplier).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To do so, one should regularly audit the content of <strong>cassandra://var/mail/error/remote-delivery/permanent/</strong>. This can be done |
| via webAdmin calls:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>curl -XGET 'http://ip:8000/mailRepositories/cassandra%3A%2F%2Fvar%2Fmail%2Ferror%2Fremote-delivery%2Ftemporary%2F/mails'</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See <a href="../operate/webadmin.html#_listing_mails_contained_in_a_mail_repository" class="xref page">the documentation</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
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