docs/zh/UserGuide/Operators-Functions/Variation-Trend.md

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## 趋势计算函数

目前 IoTDB 支持如下趋势计算函数：

| 函数名                  | 输入序列类型                                    | 输出序列类型             | 功能描述                                                     |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| TIME_DIFFERENCE         | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE / BOOLEAN / TEXT | INT64                    | 统计序列中某数据点的时间戳与前一数据点时间戳的差。范围内第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出。 |
| DIFFERENCE              | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE                  | 与输入序列的实际类型一致 | 统计序列中某数据点的值与前一数据点的值的差。范围内第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出。 |
| NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE                  | 与输入序列的实际类型一致 | 统计序列中某数据点的值与前一数据点的值的差的绝对值。范围内第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出。 |
| DERIVATIVE              | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE                  | DOUBLE                   | 统计序列中某数据点相对于前一数据点的变化率，数量上等同于 DIFFERENCE /  TIME_DIFFERENCE。范围内第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出。 |
| NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE                  | DOUBLE                   | 统计序列中某数据点相对于前一数据点的变化率的绝对值，数量上等同于 NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE /  TIME_DIFFERENCE。范围内第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出。 |

例如：

```   sql
select s1, time_difference(s1), difference(s1), non_negative_difference(s1), derivative(s1), non_negative_derivative(s1) from root.sg1.d1 limit 5 offset 1000; 
```

结果：

``` 
+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|                         Time|     root.sg1.d1.s1|time_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|
+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.037+08:00|7360723084922759782|                              1|      -8431715764844238876|                    8431715764844238876|    -8.4317157648442388E18|                  8.4317157648442388E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.038+08:00|4377791063319964531|                              1|      -2982932021602795251|                    2982932021602795251|     -2.982932021602795E18|                   2.982932021602795E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.039+08:00|7972485567734642915|                              1|       3594694504414678384|                    3594694504414678384|     3.5946945044146785E18|                  3.5946945044146785E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.040+08:00|2508858212791964081|                              1|      -5463627354942678834|                    5463627354942678834|     -5.463627354942679E18|                   5.463627354942679E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.041+08:00|2817297431185141819|                              1|        308439218393177738|                     308439218393177738|     3.0843921839317773E17|                  3.0843921839317773E17|
+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
Total line number = 5
It costs 0.014s
```

| 函数名  | 输入序列类型                         | 参数                                                                                                                     | 输出序列类型 | 功能描述                                           |
|------|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
| DIFF | INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE | `ignoreNull`：可选，默认为true；为true时，前一个数据点值为null时，忽略该数据点继续向前找到第一个出现的不为null的值；为false时，如果前一个数据点为null，则不忽略，使用null进行相减，结果也为null | DOUBLE | 统计序列中某数据点的值与前一数据点的值的差。第一个数据点没有对应的结果输出，输出值为null |

#### 使用示例

##### 原始数据

``` 
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
|                         Time|root.test.s1|root.test.s2|
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|           1|         1.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|           2|        null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|        null|         3.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|           4|        null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|           5|         5.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|        null|         6.0|
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
```

##### 不使用ignoreNull参数(忽略null)

SQL:
```sql
SELECT DIFF(s1), DIFF(s2) from root.test;
```

输出:
```
+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
|                         Time|DIFF(root.test.s1)|DIFF(root.test.s2)|
+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|              null|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|               1.0|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|              null|               2.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|               2.0|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|               1.0|               2.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|              null|               1.0|
+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
```

##### 使用ignoreNull参数

SQL:
```sql
SELECT DIFF(s1, 'ignoreNull'='false'), DIFF(s2, 'ignoreNull'='false') from root.test;
```

输出:
```
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|                         Time|DIFF(root.test.s1, "ignoreNull"="false")|DIFF(root.test.s2, "ignoreNull"="false")|
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|                                     1.0|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|                                     1.0|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|                                    null|                                     1.0|
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
```