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145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>大约 3 分钟</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT3M"></span><!----><!----></div><hr></div><div class="vp-toc-placeholder"><aside id="toc"><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="vp-toc-header">此页内容<button type="button" class="print-button" title="打印"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon print-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="print icon"><path d="M819.2 364.8h-44.8V128c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v236.8h-44.8C145.067 364.8 96 413.867 96 473.6v192c0 59.733 49.067 108.8 108.8 108.8h44.8V896c0 17.067 14.933 32 32 32h460.8c17.067 0 32-14.933 32-32V774.4h44.8c59.733 0 108.8-49.067 108.8-108.8v-192c0-59.733-49.067-108.8-108.8-108.8zM313.6 160h396.8v204.8H313.6V160zm396.8 704H313.6V620.8h396.8V864zM864 665.6c0 25.6-19.2 44.8-44.8 44.8h-44.8V588.8c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v121.6h-44.8c-25.6 0-44.8-19.2-44.8-44.8v-192c0-25.6 19.2-44.8 44.8-44.8h614.4c25.6 0 44.8 19.2 44.8 44.8v192z"></path></svg></button><div class="arrow end"></div></div><div class="vp-toc-wrapper"><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#路径结点名">路径结点名</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#通配符">通配符</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#标识符">标识符</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><div class="vp-toc-marker" style="top:-1.7rem;"></div></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="theme-hope-content"><h2 id="路径结点名" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#路径结点名"><span>路径结点名</span></a></h2><p>路径结点名是特殊的标识符，其还可以是通配符 * 或 **。在创建时间序列时，各层级的路径结点名不能为通配符 * 或 **。在查询语句中，可以用通配符 * 或 ** 来表示路径结点名，以匹配一层或多层路径。</p><h3 id="通配符" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#通配符"><span>通配符</span></a></h3><p><code>*</code>在路径中表示一层。例如<code>root.vehicle.*.sensor1</code>代表的是以<code>root.vehicle</code>为前缀，以<code>sensor1</code>为后缀，层次等于 4 层的路径。</p><p><code>**</code>在路径中表示是（<code>*</code>）+，即为一层或多层<code>*</code>。例如<code>root.vehicle.device1.**</code>代表的是<code>root.vehicle.device1.*</code>, <code>root.vehicle.device1.*.*</code>, <code>root.vehicle.device1.*.*.*</code>等所有以<code>root.vehicle.device1</code>为前缀路径的大于等于 4 层的路径；<code>root.vehicle.**.sensor1</code>代表的是以<code>root.vehicle</code>为前缀，以<code>sensor1</code>为后缀，层次大于等于 4 层的路径。</p><p>由于通配符 * 在查询表达式中也可以表示乘法符号，下述例子用于帮助您区分两种情况：</p><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># 创建时间序列 root.sg.`a*b`
create timeseries root.sg.`a*b` with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN;
# 请注意，如标识符部分所述，a*b包含特殊字符，需要用``括起来使用
# create timeseries root.sg.a*b with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN 是错误用法

# 创建时间序列 root.sg.a
create timeseries root.sg.a with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN;

# 创建时间序列 root.sg.b
create timeseries root.sg.b with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN;

# 查询时间序列 root.sg.`a*b`
select `a*b` from root.sg
# 其结果集表头为
|Time|root.sg.a*b|

# 查询时间序列 root.sg.a 和 root.sg.b的乘积
select a*b from root.sg
# 其结果集表头为
|Time|root.sg.a * root.sg.b|
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="标识符" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#标识符"><span>标识符</span></a></h3><p>路径结点名不为通配符时，使用方法和标识符一致。<strong>在 SQL 中需要使用反引号引用的路径结点，在结果集中也会用反引号引起。</strong></p><p>需要使用反引号进行引用的部分特殊情况示例：</p><ul><li>创建时间序列时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符，时间序列各结点为[&quot;root&quot;,&quot;sg&quot;,&quot;www.`baidu.com&quot;]
create timeseries root.sg.`www.``baidu.com`.a with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN;

# 路径结点名为实数
create timeseries root.sg.`111` with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN;
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>依次执行示例中语句后，执行 show timeseries，结果如下：</p><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code>+---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|                 timeseries|alias|database|dataType|encoding|compression|tags|attributes|
+---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
|            root.sg.`111`.a| null|      root.sg|   FLOAT|   PLAIN|     SNAPPY|null|      null|
|root.sg.`www.``baidu.com`.a| null|      root.sg|   FLOAT|   PLAIN|     SNAPPY|null|      null|
+---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>插入数据时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符
insert into root.sg.`www.``baidu.com`(timestamp, a) values(1, 2);

# 路径结点名为实数
insert into root.sg(timestamp, `111`) values (1, 2);
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>查询数据时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符
select a from root.sg.`www.``baidu.com`;

# 路径结点名为实数
select `111` from root.sg
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>结果集分别为：</p><div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode" data-ext="SQL" data-title="SQL"><pre class="language-SQL"><code># select a from root.sg.`www.``baidu.com` 结果集
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
|                         Time|root.sg.`www.``baidu.com`.a|
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|                        2.0|
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+

# select `111` from root.sg 结果集
+-----------------------------+-------------+
|                         Time|root.sg.`111`|
+-----------------------------+-------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|          2.0|
+-----------------------------+-------------+
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