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--><h1 id="variation-trend-calculation-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#variation-trend-calculation-functions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Variation Trend Calculation Functions</h1><p>Currently, IoTDB supports the following variation trend calculation functions:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Function Name</th><th>Allowed Input Series Data Types</th><th>Output Series Data Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TIME_DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE / BOOLEAN / TEXT</td><td>INT64</td><td>Calculates the difference between the time stamp of a data point and the time stamp of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>Same type as the input series</td><td>Calculates the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>Same type as the input series</td><td>Calculates the absolute value of the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>DERIVATIVE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the rate of change of a data point compared to the previous data point, the result is equals to DIFFERENCE / TIME_DIFFERENCE. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the absolute value of the rate of change of a data point compared to the previous data point, the result is equals to NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE / TIME_DIFFERENCE. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Example:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> non_negative_difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derivative<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> non_negative_derivative<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 <span class="token keyword">limit</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token keyword">offset</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|                         Time|     root.sg1.d1.s1|time_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|
+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.037+08:00|7360723084922759782|                              1|      -8431715764844238876|                    8431715764844238876|    -8.4317157648442388E18|                  8.4317157648442388E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.038+08:00|4377791063319964531|                              1|      -2982932021602795251|                    2982932021602795251|     -2.982932021602795E18|                   2.982932021602795E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.039+08:00|7972485567734642915|                              1|       3594694504414678384|                    3594694504414678384|     3.5946945044146785E18|                  3.5946945044146785E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.040+08:00|2508858212791964081|                              1|      -5463627354942678834|                    5463627354942678834|     -5.463627354942679E18|                   5.463627354942679E18|
|2020-12-10T17:11:49.041+08:00|2817297431185141819|                              1|        308439218393177738|                     308439218393177738|     3.0843921839317773E17|                  3.0843921839317773E17|
+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+
Total line number = 5
It costs 0.014s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><table><thead><tr><th>Function Name</th><th>Allowed Input Series Data Types</th><th>Attributes</th><th>Output Series Data Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DIFF</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td><code>ignoreNull</code>：optional，default is true. If is true, the previous data point is ignored when it is null and continues to find the first non-null value forwardly. If the value is false, previous data point is not ignored when it is null, the result is also null because null is used for subtraction</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point, so output is null</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#example" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Example</h3><h4 id="rawdata" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rawdata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> RawData</h4><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
|                         Time|root.test.s1|root.test.s2|
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|           1|         1.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|           2|        null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|        null|         3.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|           4|        null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|           5|         5.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|        null|         6.0|
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="not-use-ignorenull-attribute-ignore-null" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#not-use-ignorenull-attribute-ignore-null" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Not use <code>ignoreNull</code> attribute (Ignore Null)</h4><p>SQL:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
|                         Time|DIFF(root.test.s1)|DIFF(root.test.s2)|
+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|              null|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|               1.0|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|              null|               2.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|               2.0|              null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|               1.0|               2.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|              null|               1.0|
+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="use-ignorenull-attribute" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-ignorenull-attribute" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use <code>ignoreNull</code> attribute</h4><p>SQL:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;false&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;false&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|                         Time|DIFF(root.test.s1, &quot;ignoreNull&quot;=&quot;false&quot;)|DIFF(root.test.s2, &quot;ignoreNull&quot;=&quot;false&quot;)|
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|                                     1.0|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|                                    null|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|                                     1.0|                                    null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00|                                    null|                                     1.0|
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></div><!----><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/UserGuide/Master/Operators-Functions/Variation-Trend.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><div class="update-time"><span class="label">Last update: </span><!----></div><div class="contributors"><span class="label">Contributors: </span><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 43237967+2b3c511@users.noreply.github.com">Summer</span><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></footer><!----><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">master</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"> We use <a href="https://analytics.google.com">Google Analytics</a> to collect anonymous, aggregated usage information. </p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div>
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