| (window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[541],{939:function(s,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var n=a(29),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var s=this,t=s._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":s.$parent.slotKey}},[t("h1",{attrs:{id:"语法约定"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#语法约定"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 语法约定")]),s._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"旧语法约定中的问题-0-14-版本不兼容的语法"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#旧语法约定中的问题-0-14-版本不兼容的语法"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 旧语法约定中的问题（0.14 版本不兼容的语法）")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("在之前版本的语法约定中，为了保持兼容性，我们引入了一些会引起歧义的规定。为了避免歧义，我们设计了新的语法约定，本章将说明旧语法约定中存在的问题，以及我们做出改动的原因。")]),s._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"标识符限制增强"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#标识符限制增强"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 标识符限制增强")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("在0.13及之前版本中，不使用反引号引用的标识符（包括路径结点）允许为纯数字（纯数字路径名在 "),t("code",[s._v("SELECT")]),s._v(" 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"),t("p",[s._v("在旧语法约定中，在路径结点名中使用单引号 ' 和 双引号 \" 时，需要使用反斜杠 \\ 进行转义，且反斜杠会被视为路径结点名的一部分存入，而在使用其它标识符时没有这个限制，造成了不统一。")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-SQL line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v('# 创建时间序列 root.sg.\\"a')]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("create")]),s._v(" timeseries root"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("sg"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token identifier"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("`")]),s._v('\\"a'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("`")])]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("with")]),s._v(" datatype"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),t("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),t("br")])]),t("p",[s._v("在新语法约定中，特殊路径结点名统一使用反引号进行引用，在路径结点名中使用单双引号无须添加反斜杠转义，使用反引号需要双写，具体可以参考新语法约定路径结点名章节。")]),s._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"session-接口相关"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#session-接口相关"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" Session 接口相关")]),s._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"session-接口语法限制"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#session-接口语法限制"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" Session 接口语法限制")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("在0.13版本中，对于非SQL接口中使用路径结点的限制如下：")]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[s._v("经参数传入的路径或路径前缀中的节点：\n"),t("ul",[t("li",[s._v("在 SQL 语句中需要使用反引号（`）进行转义的，此处均不需要进行转义。")]),s._v(" "),t("li",[s._v("使用单引号或双引号括起的节点，仍需要使用单引号或双引号括起，并且要针对 JAVA 字符串进行反转义。")]),s._v(" "),t("li",[s._v("对于 "),t("code",[s._v("checkTimeseriesExists")]),s._v(" 接口，由于内部调用了 IoTDB-SQL 接口，因此需要和 SQL 语法规范保持一致，并且针对 JAVA 字符串进行反转义。")])])])]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("0.14 版本中，对非SQL接口中使用路径结点的限制增强：")])]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("经参数传入的路径或路径前缀中的节点： 在 SQL 语句中需要使用反引号（`）进行转义的，均需要使用反引号进行转义。")])])]),s._v(" "),t("li",[t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("语法说明相关代码示例可以参考：")]),t("code",[s._v("example/session/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/SyntaxConventionRelatedExample.java")])])])]),s._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"sql和session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sql和session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" SQL和Session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("在之前版本中，使用字符串时，SQL 和 Session 接口存在不一致的情况。比如使用 SQL 插入 Text 类型数据时，会对字符串进行反转义处理，而使用 Session 接口时不会进行这样的处理，存在不一致。"),t("strong",[s._v("在新的语法约定中，我们统一不对字符串做反转义处理，存入什么内容，在查询时就会得到什么内容(字符串内部使用单双引号的规则可以参考本文档字符串常量章节)。")])]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("下面是旧语法约定中不一致的例子：")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("使用 Session 的 insertRecord 方法向时序 root.sg.a 中插入数据")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-Java line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// session 插入")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("String")]),s._v(" deviceId "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"使用场景-2"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#使用场景-2"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 使用场景")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("在 IoTDB 中，触发器名称、UDF函数名、元数据模板名称、用户与角色名、连续查询标识、Pipe、PipeSink、键值对中的键和值、别名等可以作为标识符。")]),s._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"约束"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#约束"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 约束")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("请注意，此处约束是标识符的通用约束，具体标识符可能还附带其它约束条件，如用户名限制字符数大于等于4，更严格的约束请参考具体标识符相关的说明文档。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("标识符命名有以下约束：")])]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("p",[s._v("不使用反引号括起的标识符中，允许出现以下字符：")]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[s._v("[ 0-9 a-z A-Z _ ] （字母，数字，下划线）")]),s._v(" "),t("li",[s._v("['\\u2E80'..'\\u9FFF'] （UNICODE 中文字符）")])])]),s._v(" "),t("li",[t("p",[s._v("标识符允许使用数字开头、不使用反引号括起的标识符不能全部为数字。")])]),s._v(" "),t("li",[t("p",[s._v("标识符是大小写敏感的。")])]),s._v(" "),t("li",[t("p",[s._v("标识符允许为关键字。")])])]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("如果出现如下情况，标识符需要使用反引号进行引用：")])]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[s._v("标识符包含不允许的特殊字符。")]),s._v(" 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"),t("li",[t("p",[s._v("用于表示键值对，键值对的键和值可以被定义成常量（包括字符串）或者标识符，具体请参考键值对章节。")])])]),s._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"路径结点名"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#路径结点名"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 路径结点名")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("路径结点名是特殊的标识符，其还可以是通配符 * 或 **。在创建时间序列时，各层级的路径结点名不能为通配符 * 或 **。在查询语句中，可以用通配符 * 或 ** 来表示路径结点名，以匹配一层或多层路径。")]),s._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"通配符"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#通配符"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 通配符")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("code",[s._v("*")]),s._v("在路径中表示一层。例如"),t("code",[s._v("root.vehicle.*.sensor1")]),s._v("代表的是以"),t("code",[s._v("root.vehicle")]),s._v("为前缀，以"),t("code",[s._v("sensor1")]),s._v("为后缀，层次等于 4 层的路径。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("code",[s._v("**")]),s._v("在路径中表示是（"),t("code",[s._v("*")]),s._v("）+，即为一层或多层"),t("code",[s._v("*")]),s._v("。例如"),t("code",[s._v("root.vehicle.device1.**")]),s._v("代表的是"),t("code",[s._v("root.vehicle.device1.*")]),s._v(", "),t("code",[s._v("root.vehicle.device1.*.*")]),s._v(", 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其结果集表头为")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("|")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("Time")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("|")]),s._v("root"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("sg"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("a "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("*")]),s._v(" root"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("sg"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("b"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("|")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" 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标识符")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("路径结点名不为通配符时，使用方法和标识符一致。"),t("strong",[s._v("在 SQL 中需要使用反引号引用的路径结点，在结果集中也会用反引号引起。")])]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("需要使用反引号进行引用的部分特殊情况示例：")]),s._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[s._v("创建时间序列时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：")])]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-SQL line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v('# 路径结点名中包含特殊字符，时间序列各结点为["root","sg","www.`baidu.com"]')]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("create")]),s._v(" timeseries root"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("sg"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token identifier"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("`")]),s._v("www.``baidu.com"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("`")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("a 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