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class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2 toc-link level2" href="#data-files">Data Files</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#tsfile">TsFile</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#tsfileresource">TsFileResource</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#compaction-related-files">Compaction Related Files</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2 toc-link level2" href="#system-files">System files</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#metadata-related-files">MetaData Related Files</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 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--><h1 id="files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Files</h1><p>In IoTDB, there are many kinds of data needed to be stored. This section introduces IoTDB&#39;s data storage strategy to provide you an explicit understanding of IoTDB&#39;s data management.</p><p>The data in IoTDB is divided into three categories, namely data files, system files, and pre-write log files.</p><h2 id="data-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Data Files</h2><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/data/</p></blockquote><p>Data files store all the data that the user wrote to IoTDB, which contains TsFile and other files. TsFile storage directory can be configured with the <code>data_dirs</code> configuration item (see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">file layer</a> for details). Other files can be configured through <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">data_dirs</a> configuration item (see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">Engine Layer</a> for details).</p><p>In order to support users&#39; storage requirements such as disk space expansion better, IoTDB supports multiple file directories storage methods for TsFile storage configuration. Users can set multiple storage paths as data storage locations( see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">data_dirs</a> configuration item), and you can specify or customize the directory selection strategy (see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">multi_dir_strategy</a> configuration item for details).</p><h3 id="tsfile" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tsfile" aria-hidden="true">#</a> TsFile</h3><blockquote><p>under directory data/sequence or unsequence/{DatabaseName}/{DataRegionId}/{TimePartitionId}/</p></blockquote><ol><li>{time}-{version}-{inner_compaction_count}-{cross_compaction_count}.tsfile <ul><li>normal data file</li></ul></li><li>{TsFileName}.tsfile.mod <ul><li>modification file</li><li>record delete operation</li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="tsfileresource" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tsfileresource" aria-hidden="true">#</a> TsFileResource</h3><ol><li>{TsFileName}.tsfile.resource <ul><li>descriptor and statistic file of a TsFile</li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="compaction-related-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compaction-related-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compaction Related Files</h3><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/data/sequence or unsequence/{DatabaseName}/</p></blockquote><ol><li>file suffixe with <code>.cross </code> or <code>.inner</code><ul><li>temporary files of metadata generated in a compaction task</li></ul></li><li>file suffixe with <code>.inner-compaction.log</code> or <code>.cross-compaction.log</code><ul><li>record the progress of a compaction task</li></ul></li><li>file suffixe with <code>.compaction.mods</code><ul><li>modification file generated during a compaction task</li></ul></li><li>file suffixe with <code>.meta</code><ul><li>temporary files of metadata generated during a merge</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="system-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#system-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> System files</h2><p>System files include schema files, which store metadata information of data in IoTDB. It can be configured through the <code>base_dir</code> configuration item (see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">System Layer</a> for details).</p><h3 id="metadata-related-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#metadata-related-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MetaData Related Files</h3><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/system/schema</p></blockquote><h4 id="meta" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#meta" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Meta</h4><ol><li>mlog.bin <ul><li>record the meta operation</li></ul></li><li>mtree-1.snapshot <ul><li>snapshot of metadata</li></ul></li><li>mtree-1.snapshot.tmp <ul><li>temp file, to avoid damaging the snapshot when updating it</li></ul></li></ol><h4 id="tags-attributes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tags-attributes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Tags&amp;Attributes</h4><ol><li>tlog.txt <ul><li>store tags and attributes of each TimeSeries</li><li>about 700 bytes for each TimeSeries</li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="other-system-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-system-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other System Files</h3><h4 id="version" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#version" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Version</h4><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/system/database/{DatabaseName}/{TimePartitionId} or upgrade</p></blockquote><ol><li version="">Version- <ul><li>version file, record the max version in fileName of a storage group</li></ul></li></ol><h4 id="upgrade" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upgrade" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upgrade</h4><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/system/upgrade</p></blockquote><ol><li>upgrade.txt <ul><li>record which files have been upgraded</li></ul></li></ol><h4 id="authority" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#authority" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Authority</h4><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/system/users/<br> under directory basedir/system/roles/</p></blockquote><h4 id="compressratio" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compressratio" aria-hidden="true">#</a> CompressRatio</h4><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/system/compression_ration</p></blockquote><ol><li calTimes="">Ration-{compressionRatioSum}- <ul><li>record compression ratio of each tsfile</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="pre-write-log-files" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pre-write-log-files" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pre-write Log Files</h2><p>Pre-write log files store WAL files. It can be configured through the <code>wal_dir</code> configuration item (see <a href="/UserGuide/latest/Reference/DataNode-Config-Manual.html" class="">System Layer</a> for details).</p><blockquote><p>under directory basedir/wal</p></blockquote><ol><li>{DatabaseName}-{TsFileName}/wal1 <ul><li>every storage group has several wal files, and every memtable has one associated wal file before it is flushed into a TsFile</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="example-of-setting-data-storage-directory" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#example-of-setting-data-storage-directory" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Example of Setting Data storage Directory</h2><p>For a clearer understanding of configuring the data storage directory, we will give an example in this section.</p><p>The data directory path included in storage directory setting are: base_dir, data_dirs, multi_dir_strategy, and wal_dir, which refer to system files, data folders, storage strategy, and pre-write log files.</p><p>An example of the configuration items are as follows:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>dn_system_dir = $IOTDB_HOME/data/datanode/system
dn_data_dirs = /data1/datanode/data, /data2/datanode/data, /data3/datanode/data 
dn_multi_dir_strategy=MaxDiskUsableSpaceFirstStrategy
dn_wal_dirs= $IOTDB_HOME/data/datanode/wal
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>After setting the configuration, the system will:</p><ul><li>Save all system files in $IOTDB_HOME/data/datanode/system</li><li>Save TsFile in /data1/datanode/data, /data2/datanode/data, /data3/datanode/data. And the choosing strategy is <code>MaxDiskUsableSpaceFirstStrategy</code>, when data writes to the disk, the system will automatically select a directory with the largest remaining disk space to write data.</li><li>Save WAL data in $IOTDB_HOME/data/datanode/wal</li><li></li></ul></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/UserGuide/latest/stage/Files.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub" class="nav-link label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!----></a></div><div class="meta-item git-info"><div class="update-time"><span class="label">Last update: </span><!----></div><div class="contributors"><span class="label">Contributors: </span><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 163960898+SihanLiu2024@users.noreply.github.com">SihanLiu2024</span><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></footer><!----><!----><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer style="padding-bottom:2rem;"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">latest</span><p style="text-align:center;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;">Copyright © 2024 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Have a question?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a> now.</p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div>
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