| (window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[764],{1159:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var e=a(29),n=Object(e.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return s("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[s("h1",{attrs:{id:"查询补空值"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#查询补空值"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 查询补空值")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("当对序列进行分段聚合时，某一段时间可能不存在数据，则此段数据的聚合结果为空，但这种空值不利于进行数据可视化展示和分析，需要对空值进行填补。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("查询补空值允许用户按照特定的方法对查询结果填充空值，如取前一个不为空的值，或线性插值。补空值之后的查询结果能更好地反映数据分布，有利于用户进行数据分析。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在 IoTDB 中，用户可以使用 FILL 子句指定某一时间点或一时间窗口数据缺失的情况下的填充模式。如果查询点空，则填充功能将不起作用。")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"填充方法"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#填充方法"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 填充方法")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("IoTDB 目前支持 "),s("code",[t._v("previous")]),t._v(" , "),s("code",[t._v("linear")]),t._v(", "),s("code",[t._v("value")]),t._v(" 三种空值填充方式，数据类型和支持的填充方法如下表所示：")]),t._v(" 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"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("before_range"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("?"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("下表给出了所有参数的详细说明：")]),t._v(" "),s("table",[s("thead",[s("tr",[s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("参数名称（不区分大小写）")]),t._v(" "),s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("解释")])])]),t._v(" "),s("tbody",[s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("path, prefixPath")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询路径； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("T")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询时间戳（只能指定一个）； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("before_range")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("表示前一种方法的有效时间范围。 当 [T-before_range，T] 范围内的值存在时，前一种方法将起作用。 如果未指定 before_range，则 before_range 会使用默认值 default_fill_interval; -1 表示无穷大； 可选字段")])])])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在这里，我们举一个使用 Previous 方法填充空值的示例。 SQL 语句如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("select")]),t._v(" temperature "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("sgcc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf03"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("where")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("含义：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("由于时间根目录 root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature 在 2017-11-01T16：37：50.000 为空，因此系统使用以前的时间戳 2017-11-01T16：37：00.000（且时间戳位于 [2017-11-01T16:36:50.000, 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000] 范围）进行填充和显示。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在 "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thulab/iotdb/files/4438687/OtherMaterial-Sample.Data.txt",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("样例数据"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 中, 该语句的执行结果如下所示：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n| Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00| 21.93|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.016s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("值得注意的是，如果在指定的有效时间范围内没有值，系统将不会填充空值，如下所示：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("IoTDB> select temperature from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(previous, 1s) \n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n| Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00| null|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.004s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("8")]),s("br")])]),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"linear-填充"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#linear-填充"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Linear 填充")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("当查询的时间戳下数据为空时，将使用前一个和下一个时间戳的值来填充空白。 语法定义如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("select")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("path"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("prefixPath"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("where")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("time")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("T"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" fill"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("linear"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("before_range"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("after_range"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("?"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("下表给出了所有参数的详细说明：")]),t._v(" "),s("table",[s("thead",[s("tr",[s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("参数名称（不区分大小写）")]),t._v(" "),s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("解释")])])]),t._v(" "),s("tbody",[s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("path, prefixPath")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询路径； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("T")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询时间戳（只能指定一个）； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("before_range, after_range")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("表示线性方法的有效时间范围。 当 [T - before_range，T + after_range] 范围内的值存在时，前一种方法将起作用。 如果未明确指定 before_range 和 after_range，则使用 default_fill_interval。 -1 表示无穷大； 可选字段")])])])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("需要注意的是一旦时间序列在查询时间戳 T 时刻存在有效值，线性填充就会使用这个值作为结果返回。\n除此之外，如果在 [T - before_range, T] 或 [T, T + after_range] 两个范围中任意一个范围内不存在有效填充值，则线性填充返回 null 值。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在这里，我们举一个使用线性方法填充空值的示例。 SQL 语句如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql 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number"}},[t._v("01")]),t._v("T16:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("37")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50.000")]),t._v(" fill"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("linear"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("含义：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("由于时间根目录 root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature 在 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 为空，因此系统使用以前的时间戳 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000（且时间戳位于 [2017-11-01T16:36:50.000，2017-11-01T16:37:50.000) 时间范围）及其值 21.927326，下一个时间戳记 2017-11-01T16:38:00.000（且时间戳记位于 (2017-11-01T16:37:50.000, 2017-11-01T16:38:50.000) 时间范围）及其值 25.311783 以执行线性拟合计算：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("21.927326 +（25.311783-21.927326）/ 60s * 50s = 24.747707")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在 "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thulab/iotdb/files/4438687/OtherMaterial-Sample.Data.txt",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("样例数据"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 中, 该语句的执行结果如下所示：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n| Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00| 24.747707|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.017s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br")])]),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"value-填充"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#value-填充"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Value 填充")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("当查询的时间戳下数据为空时，将使用给定的值来填充空白。语法定义如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("select")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("path"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("prefixPath"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("where")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("time")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("T"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" fill"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("constant"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("下表给出了所有参数的详细说明：")]),t._v(" "),s("table",[s("thead",[s("tr",[s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("参数名称（不区分大小写）")]),t._v(" "),s("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("解释")])])]),t._v(" "),s("tbody",[s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("path, prefixPath")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询路径； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("T")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("查询时间戳（只能指定一个）； 必填项")])]),t._v(" "),s("tr",[s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("constant")]),t._v(" "),s("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[t._v("给定的填充值；必填项")])])])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("需要注意的是一旦时间序列在查询时间戳T时刻存在有效值，特定值填充就会使用这个值作为结果返回。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在这里，我们举一个使用特定值方法填充空值的示例。 SQL语句如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("select")]),t._v(" temperature "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("sgcc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf03"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("where")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("time")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("01")]),t._v("T16:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("37")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50.000")]),t._v(" fill"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2.0")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("含义：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("由于时间序列 root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature 在 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 为空，因此使用给定的值 2.0 进行填充：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在 "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thulab/iotdb/files/4438687/OtherMaterial-Sample.Data.txt",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("样例数据"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 中, 该语句的执行结果如下所示：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n| Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00| 2.0 |\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.007s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("在使用 VALUE 方法填充时需要注意，如果查询结果的数据类型与输入常量值不同，IoTDB 将不进行填充")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("示例：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("select")]),t._v(" temperature "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("sgcc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf03"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("where")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("time")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("01")]),t._v("T16:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("37")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50.000")]),t._v(" fill"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'test'")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("结果：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n| Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00| null |\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.007s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br")])]),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"降采样补空值"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#降采样补空值"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 降采样补空值")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("IoTDB 支持对原降采样结果进行空值填充，"),s("code",[t._v("previous")]),t._v("、"),s("code",[t._v("linear")]),t._v("、"),s("code",[t._v("value")]),t._v(" 填充方式均可作用于查询语句中的任一聚合算子，但一条查询语句只能使用一种空值填充方式。此外，使用时需要注意以下两点：")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("在任何情形下都不会填充 "),s("code",[t._v("count")]),t._v(" 的聚合结果，因为对于不存在任数据的查询区间，"),s("code",[t._v("count")]),t._v(" 的结果为 0。")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("分类处理 sum 的聚合结果：若某个查询区间不存在任何数据，sum 的聚合结果为 null，将被 GroupByFill 填充；若某个查询区间内 sum 的聚合结果恰好为 0，那么 GroupByFill 不会填充这个值。")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("降采样补空值查询语法同单点补空值查询语法相似，下面列出简单的示例和使用细节：")]),t._v(" "),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"previous-和-previousuntillast-的区别"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#previous-和-previousuntillast-的区别"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" PREVIOUS 和 PREVIOUSUNTILLAST 的区别")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("PREVIOUS：只要空值前边有值，就会用其填充空值。")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("PREVIOUSUNTILLAST：不会填充此序列最新点后的空值。")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("首先检查一下 root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature 在时间 2017-11-07T23:49:00 以后的值：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("IoTDB> SELECT temperature FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-07T23:49:00\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n| Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:49:00.000+08:00| 23.7|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-08T00:00:00.000+08:00| 21.07|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.010s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("8")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("9")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("10")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("11")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("12")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("13")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature 最早时间和值是 2017-11-07T23:49:00 和 23.7；最后时间和值是 2017-11-08T00:00:00 和 21.07")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("SQL 示例：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("SELECT")]),t._v(" last_value"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("temperature"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("FROM")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ln"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf01"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("GROUP")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("BY")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("59")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" FILL "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("PREVIOUSUNTILLAST"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("SELECT")]),t._v(" last_value"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("temperature"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("FROM")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ln"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf01"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("GROUP")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("BY")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("59")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" FILL "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("PREVIOUS"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("结果：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("IoTDB> SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:59:00),1m) FILL (PREVIOUSUNTILLAST);\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| null|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.007s\n\nIoTDB> SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:59:00),1m) FILL (PREVIOUS);\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.006s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("8")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("9")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("10")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("11")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("12")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("13")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("14")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("15")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("16")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("17")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("18")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("19")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("20")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("21")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("22")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("23")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("24")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("25")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("26")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("27")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("28")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("29")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("30")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("31")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("32")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("33")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("解释：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("使用 PREVIOUSUNTILLAST 将不会填充 2017-11-07T23:57:00 以后的值。")]),t._v(" "),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"第一个值与最后一个值的填充"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第一个值与最后一个值的填充"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第一个值与最后一个值的填充")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("IoTDB 的空值填充方式可以分为 PreviousFill, LinearFill, ValueFill 三大类。其中，PreviousFill 需要知道空值前的第一个非空数据，LinearFill 需要知道空值前后的第一个非空数据才能进行填充。假使某条查询语句返回的结果中第一个或最后一个值为空，就可能导致结果集在首尾存在一段连续的空值，不满足 GroupByFill 的业务期望。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("在上例中，第一个时间区间 [2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:51:00) 内没有任何数据，上一个有数据的时间区间是 [2017-11-01T23:49:00, 2017-11-07T23:50:00)，可以通过设置 PREVIOUS 填充向前查询参数 beforeRange 来填充第一个区间的数据，示例如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("SELECT")]),t._v(" last_value"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("temperature"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("FROM")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ln"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf01"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("GROUP")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("BY")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("59")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" FILL "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("PREVIOUS"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("结果：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("IoTDB> SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:59:00),1m) FILL (PREVIOUS, 1m);\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00| 23.7|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.005s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("8")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("9")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("10")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("11")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("12")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("13")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("14")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("15")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("16")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("解释：")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("为了不与原有语义冲突，当不设置 before_range, after_range 参数时，GroupByFill 的空值填充取空值的前一个/后一个非空值完成；当设置 before_range, after_range 参数时，设空值所在记录的时间戳为 t，GroupByFill 取 [t-before_range, t+after_range) 内的前一个/后一个非空值完成填充。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("因为时间区间 [2017-11-07T23:55:00, 2017-11-07T23:57:00) 内均没有数据，所以本例虽然通过设置 before_range 填充了 [2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:51:00) 的数据，但由于 before_range 较小，[2017-11-07T23:56:00, 2017-11-07T23:57:00) 的数据无法填充。")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("before_range, after_range 参数也可辅助 LINEAR 方式进行填充，示例如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("SELECT")]),t._v(" last_value"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("temperature"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("FROM")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ln"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wf01"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("wt01 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("GROUP")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("BY")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2017")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("11")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("07")]),t._v("T23:"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("59")]),t._v(":"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("00")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" FILL "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("LINEAR"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("5")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("5")]),t._v("m"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br")])]),s("p",[t._v("结果：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[s("code",[t._v("IoTDB> SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:59:00),1m) FILL (LINEAR, 5m, 5m);\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00| 22.970001|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| 23.41|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| 23.143333|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| 23.766666|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| 23.283333|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.008s\n")])]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("1")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("2")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("3")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("4")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("5")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("6")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("7")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("8")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("9")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("10")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("11")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("12")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("13")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("14")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("15")]),s("br"),s("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[t._v("16")]),s("br")])]),s("blockquote",[s("p",[t._v("注意：设原始降采样查询区间为 [start_time, end_time)，在指定 before_range, after_range 参数后，降采样查询结果不变，但查询区间将转变为 [start_time - before_range, end_time + after_range)。因此这两个参数设置较大时会影响效率，使用时需注意。")])]),t._v(" "),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"value-填充-2"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#value-填充-2"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Value 填充")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("值填充方式会将输入的常量值解析为字符串，填充时尝试将字符串常量转换为对应类型的数据，若转换成功则进行填充，否则就不填充。举例如下：")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("SELECT")]),t._v(" last_value"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("temperature"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("FROM")]),t._v(" root"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ln"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| 20.0|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| 20.0|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| 20.0|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| 20.0|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.007s\n\nIoTDB> SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-07T23:59:00),1m) FILL ('temperature');\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00| 22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00| 24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00| 22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00| null|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00| 24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00| null|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.005s\n")])]),t._v(" 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