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原生接口</h1><div class="page-info"><!----><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="写作日期"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm-334.87 0c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.473-33.473s-33.52 14.72-33.52 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm468.81 33.52H716.4v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H381.53v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.473 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H180.6A134.314 134.314 0 0046.66 277.595v535.756A134.314 134.314 0 00180.6 947.289h669.74a134.36 134.36 0 00133.94-133.938V277.595a134.314 134.314 0 00-133.94-133.938zm33.473 267.877H147.126a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473c0-18.752 14.72-33.473 33.473-33.473h736.687c18.752 0 33.472 14.72 33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.472 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href="#初始化">初始化</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#数据定义接口-ddl">数据定义接口 DDL</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#数据操作接口-dml">数据操作接口 DML</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-sql-接口">IoTDB-SQL 接口</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#元数据模版接口">元数据模版接口</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#对-pandas-的支持">对 Pandas 的支持</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-testcontainer">IoTDB Testcontainer</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-dbapi">IoTDB DBAPI</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-实验性">IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect（实验性）</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#给开发人员">给开发人员</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#介绍">介绍</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#依赖-1">依赖</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#编译-thrift-库并调试">编译 thrift 库并调试</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#session-客户端-使用示例">Session 客户端 &amp; 使用示例</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#测试">测试</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#其他工具">其他工具</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#发版">发版</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#准备您的环境">准备您的环境</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#发版-1">发版</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><div class="vp-toc-marker" style="top:-1.7rem;"></div></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="theme-hope-content"><h1 id="python-原生接口" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#python-原生接口"><span>Python 原生接口</span></a></h1><h2 id="依赖" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖"><span>依赖</span></a></h2><p>在使用 Python 原生接口包前，您需要安装 thrift (&gt;=0.13) 依赖。</p><h2 id="如何使用-示例" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用-示例"><span>如何使用 （示例）</span></a></h2><p>首先下载包：<code>pip3 install apache-iotdb</code></p><p>您可以从这里得到一个使用该包进行数据读写的例子：<a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/master/client-py/SessionExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Session Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>关于对齐时间序列读写的例子：<a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/master/client-py/SessionAlignedTimeseriesExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Aligned Timeseries Session Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>（您需要在文件的头部添加<code>import iotdb</code>）</p><p>或者：</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="基本接口说明" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#基本接口说明"><span>基本接口说明</span></a></h2><p>下面将给出 Session 对应的接口的简要介绍和对应参数：</p><h3 id="初始化" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#初始化"><span>初始化</span></a></h3><ul><li>初始化 Session</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTC+8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>开启 Session，并决定是否开启 RPC 压缩</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enable_rpc_compression<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>注意: 客户端的 RPC 压缩开启状态需和服务端一致</p><ul><li>关闭 Session</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="数据定义接口-ddl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据定义接口-ddl"><span>数据定义接口 DDL</span></a></h3><h4 id="database-管理" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#database-管理"><span>Database 管理</span></a></h4><ul><li>设置 database</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>删除单个或多个 database</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_groups<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="时间序列管理" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#时间序列管理"><span>时间序列管理</span></a></h4><ul><li>创建单个或多个时间序列</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ts_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    props<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_multi_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    ts_path_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    props_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>创建对齐时间序列</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_aligned_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>注意：目前<strong>暂不支持</strong>使用传感器别名。</p><ul><li>删除一个或多个时间序列</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>paths_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>检测时间序列是否存在</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>check_time_series_exists<span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="数据操作接口-dml" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据操作接口-dml"><span>数据操作接口 DML</span></a></h3><h4 id="数据写入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据写入"><span>数据写入</span></a></h4><p>推荐使用 insert_tablet 帮助提高写入效率</p><ul><li>插入一个 Tablet，Tablet 是一个设备若干行数据块，每一行的列都相同 <ul><li><strong>写入效率高</strong></li><li><strong>支持写入空值</strong> （0.13 版本起）</li></ul></li></ul><p>Python API 里目前有两种 Tablet 实现</p><ul><li>普通 Tablet</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> Tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Numpy Tablet</li></ul><p>相较于普通 Tablet，Numpy Tablet 使用 <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">numpy.ndarray<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 来记录数值型数据。<br> 内存占用和序列化耗时会降低很多，写入效率也会有很大提升。</p><p><strong>注意</strong></p><ol><li>Tablet 中的每一列时间戳和值记录为一个 ndarray</li><li>Numpy Tablet 只支持大端类型数据，ndarray 构建时如果不指定数据类型会使用小端，因此推荐在构建 ndarray 时指定下面例子中类型使用大端。如果不指定，IoTDB Python客户端也会进行大小端转换，不影响使用正确性。</li></ol><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="token keyword">as</span> np
data_types_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
np_values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
np_timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> NumpyTablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  <span class="token string">&quot;root.sg_test_01.d_02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_timestamps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>np_tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>插入多个 Tablet</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablets<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>插入一个 Record，一个 Record 是一个设备一个时间戳下多个测点的数据。</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>插入多个 Record</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_ids_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list_
    <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>插入同属于一个 device 的多个 Record</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records_of_one_device<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="带有类型推断的写入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#带有类型推断的写入"><span>带有类型推断的写入</span></a></h4><p>当数据均是 String 类型时，我们可以使用如下接口，根据 value 的值进行类型推断。例如：value 为 &quot;true&quot; ，就可以自动推断为布尔类型。value 为 &quot;3.2&quot; ，就可以自动推断为数值类型。服务器需要做类型推断，可能会有额外耗时，速度较无需类型推断的写入慢</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_str_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements<span class="token punctuation">,</span> string_values<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="对齐时间序列的写入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对齐时间序列的写入"><span>对齐时间序列的写入</span></a></h4><p>对齐时间序列的写入使用 insert_aligned_xxx 接口，其余与上述接口类似：</p><ul><li>insert_aligned_record</li><li>insert_aligned_records</li><li>insert_aligned_records_of_one_device</li><li>insert_aligned_tablet</li><li>insert_aligned_tablets</li></ul><h3 id="iotdb-sql-接口" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-sql-接口"><span>IoTDB-SQL 接口</span></a></h3><ul><li>执行查询语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>执行非查询语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_non_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>执行语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="元数据模版接口" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#元数据模版接口"><span>元数据模版接口</span></a></h3><h4 id="构建元数据模版" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#构建元数据模版"><span>构建元数据模版</span></a></h4><ol><li>首先构建Template类</li><li>添加子节点，可以选择InternalNode或MeasurementNode</li><li>调用创建元数据模版接口</li></ol><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>template <span class="token operator">=</span> Template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

i_node_gps <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;GPS&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
i_node_v <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;vehicle&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
m_node_x <span class="token operator">=</span> MeasurementNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSEncoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Compressor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="修改模版节点信息" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#修改模版节点信息"><span>修改模版节点信息</span></a></h4><p>修改模版节点，其中修改的模版必须已经被创建。以下函数能够在已经存在的模版中增加或者删除物理量</p><ul><li>在模版中增加实体</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encodings<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressors<span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_aligned<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>在模版中删除物理量</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_node_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="挂载元数据模板" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#挂载元数据模板"><span>挂载元数据模板</span></a></h4><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="卸载元数据模版" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#卸载元数据模版"><span>卸载元数据模版</span></a></h4><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unset_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="查看元数据模版" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#查看元数据模版"><span>查看元数据模版</span></a></h4><ul><li>查看所有的元数据模版</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_all_templates<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>查看元数据模版中的物理量个数</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>判断某个节点是否为物理量，该节点必须已经在元数据模版中</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>判断某个路径是否在元数据模版中，这个路径有可能不在元数据模版中</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_path_exist_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>查看某个元数据模板下的物理量</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>查看挂载了某个元数据模板的路径前缀</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_set_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>查看使用了某个元数据模板（即序列已创建）的路径前缀</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_using_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="删除元数据模版" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#删除元数据模版"><span>删除元数据模版</span></a></h4><p>删除已经存在的元数据模版，不支持删除已经挂载的模版</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>drop_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;template_python&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="对-pandas-的支持" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对-pandas-的支持"><span>对 Pandas 的支持</span></a></h3><p>我们支持将查询结果轻松地转换为 <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pandas Dataframe<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。</p><p>SessionDataSet 有一个方法<code>.todf()</code>，它的作用是消费 SessionDataSet 中的数据，并将数据转换为 pandas dataframe。</p><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># Transform to Pandas Dataset</span>
df <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>todf<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># Now you can work with the dataframe</span>
df <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-testcontainer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-testcontainer"><span>IoTDB Testcontainer</span></a></h3><p>Python 客户端对测试的支持是基于<code>testcontainers</code>库 (<a href="https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>) 的，如果您想使用该特性，就需要将其安装到您的项目中。</p><p>要在 Docker 容器中启动（和停止）一个 IoTDB 数据库，只需这样做：</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyTestCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>unittest<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TestCase<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>

    <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">test_something</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">with</span> IoTDBContainer<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> c<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;localhost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_exposed_port<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6667</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SHOW TIMESERIES&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>默认情况下，它会拉取最新的 IoTDB 镜像 <code>apache/iotdb:latest</code>进行测试，如果您想指定待测 IoTDB 的版本，您只需要将版本信息像这样声明：<code>IoTDBContainer(&quot;apache/iotdb:0.12.0&quot;)</code>，此时，您就会得到一个<code>0.12.0</code>版本的 IoTDB 实例。</p><h3 id="iotdb-dbapi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-dbapi"><span>IoTDB DBAPI</span></a></h3><p>IoTDB DBAPI 遵循 Python DB API 2.0 规范 (<a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>)，实现了通过Python语言访问数据库的通用接口。</p><h4 id="例子" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#例子"><span>例子</span></a></h4><ul><li>初始化</li></ul><p>初始化的参数与Session部分保持一致（sqlalchemy_mode参数除外，该参数仅在SQLAlchemy方言中使用）</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dbapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
conn <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTC+8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>sqlalchemy_mode<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cursor <span class="token operator">=</span> conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>执行简单的SQL语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>执行带有参数的SQL语句</li></ul><p>IoTDB DBAPI 支持pyformat风格的参数</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root WHERE time &lt; %(time)s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;time&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">&quot;2017-11-01T00:08:00.000&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>批量执行带有参数的SQL语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>seq_of_parameters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
sql <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;insert into root.cursor(timestamp,temperature) values(%(timestamp)s,%(temperature)s)&quot;</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span>seq_of_parameters<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>关闭连接</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-实验性" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-实验性"><span>IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect（实验性）</span></a></h3><p>IoTDB的SQLAlchemy方言主要是为了适配Apache superset而编写的，该部分仍在完善中，请勿在生产环境中使用！</p><h4 id="元数据模型映射" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#元数据模型映射"><span>元数据模型映射</span></a></h4><p>SQLAlchemy 所使用的数据模型为关系数据模型，这种数据模型通过表格来描述不同实体之间的关系。<br> 而 IoTDB 的数据模型为层次数据模型，通过树状结构来对数据进行组织。<br> 为了使 IoTDB 能够适配 SQLAlchemy 的方言，需要对 IoTDB 中原有的数据模型进行重新组织，<br> 把 IoTDB 的数据模型转换成 SQLAlchemy 的数据模型。</p><p>IoTDB 中的元数据有：</p><ol><li>Database：数据库</li><li>Path：存储路径</li><li>Entity：实体</li><li>Measurement：物理量</li></ol><p>SQLAlchemy 中的元数据有：</p><ol><li>Schema：数据模式</li><li>Table：数据表</li><li>Column：数据列</li></ol><p>它们之间的映射关系为：</p><table><thead><tr><th>SQLAlchemy中的元数据</th><th>IoTDB中对应的元数据</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Schema</td><td>Database</td></tr><tr><td>Table</td><td>Path ( from database to entity ) + Entity</td></tr><tr><td>Column</td><td>Measurement</td></tr></tbody></table><p>下图更加清晰的展示了二者的映射关系：</p><figure><img src="https://alioss.timecho.com/docs/img/UserGuide/API/IoTDB-SQLAlchemy/sqlalchemy-to-iotdb.png?raw=true" alt="sqlalchemy-to-iotdb" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption>sqlalchemy-to-iotdb</figcaption></figure><h4 id="数据类型映射" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型映射"><span>数据类型映射</span></a></h4><table><thead><tr><th>IoTDB 中的数据类型</th><th>SQLAlchemy 中的数据类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>BOOLEAN</td><td>Boolean</td></tr><tr><td>INT32</td><td>Integer</td></tr><tr><td>INT64</td><td>BigInteger</td></tr><tr><td>FLOAT</td><td>Float</td></tr><tr><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Float</td></tr><tr><td>TEXT</td><td>Text</td></tr><tr><td>LONG</td><td>BigInteger</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id="example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#example"><span>Example</span></a></h4><ul><li>执行语句</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine

engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
connect <span class="token operator">=</span> engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
result <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>ORM (目前只支持简单的查询)</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Float<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MetaData
<span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>declarative <span class="token keyword">import</span> declarative_base
<span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>orm <span class="token keyword">import</span> sessionmaker

metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> MetaData<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    schema<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;root.factory&#39;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Base <span class="token operator">=</span> declarative_base<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token operator">=</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Device</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    __tablename__ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;room2.device1&quot;</span>
    Time <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> primary_key<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    temperature <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    status <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

DbSession <span class="token operator">=</span> sessionmaker<span class="token punctuation">(</span>bind<span class="token operator">=</span>engine<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> DbSession<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

res <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>query<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>temperature <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> res<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="给开发人员" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#给开发人员"><span>给开发人员</span></a></h2><h3 id="介绍" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#介绍"><span>介绍</span></a></h3><p>这是一个使用 thrift rpc 接口连接到 IoTDB 的示例。在 Windows 和 Linux 上操作几乎是一样的，但要注意路径分隔符等不同之处。</p><h3 id="依赖-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖-1"><span>依赖</span></a></h3><p>首选 Python3.7 或更高版本。</p><p>必须安装 thrift（0.11.0 或更高版本）才能将 thrift 文件编译为 Python 代码。下面是官方的安装教程，最终，您应该得到一个 thrift 可执行文件。</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text" data-title="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>在开始之前，您还需要在 Python 环境中安装<code>requirements_dev.txt</code>中的其他依赖：</p><div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sh" data-title="sh"><pre class="language-bash"><code>pip <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> requirements_dev.txt
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="编译-thrift-库并调试" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#编译-thrift-库并调试"><span>编译 thrift 库并调试</span></a></h3><p>在 IoTDB 源代码文件夹的根目录下，运行<code>mvn clean generate-sources -pl client-py -am</code>，</p><p>这个指令将自动删除<code>iotdb/thrift</code>中的文件，并使用新生成的 thrift 文件重新填充该文件夹。</p><p>这个文件夹在 git 中会被忽略，并且<strong>永远不应该被推到 git 中！</strong></p><p><strong>注意</strong>不要将<code>iotdb/thrift</code>上传到 git 仓库中 ！</p><h3 id="session-客户端-使用示例" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#session-客户端-使用示例"><span>Session 客户端 &amp; 使用示例</span></a></h3><p>我们将 thrift 接口打包到<code>client-py/src/iotdb/session.py </code>中（与 Java 版本类似），还提供了一个示例文件<code>client-py/src/SessionExample.py</code>来说明如何使用 Session 模块。请仔细阅读。</p><p>另一个简单的例子：</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py" data-title="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="测试" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#测试"><span>测试</span></a></h3><p>请在<code>tests</code>文件夹中添加自定义测试。</p><p>要运行所有的测试，只需在根目录中运行<code>pytest . </code>即可。</p><p><strong>注意</strong>一些测试需要在您的系统上使用 docker，因为测试的 IoTDB 实例是使用 <a href="https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">testcontainers<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 在 docker 容器中启动的。</p><h3 id="其他工具" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他工具"><span>其他工具</span></a></h3><p><a href="https://pypi.org/project/black/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">black<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 和 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">flake8<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 分别用于自动格式化和 linting。<br> 它们可以通过 <code>black .</code> 或 <code>flake8 .</code> 分别运行。</p><h2 id="发版" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#发版"><span>发版</span></a></h2><p>要进行发版，</p><p>只需确保您生成了正确的 thrift 代码，</p><p>运行了 linting 并进行了自动格式化，</p><p>然后，确保所有测试都正常通过（通过<code>pytest . </code>），</p><p>最后，您就可以将包发布到 pypi 了。</p><h3 id="准备您的环境" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#准备您的环境"><span>准备您的环境</span></a></h3><p>首先，通过<code>pip install -r requirements_dev.txt</code>安装所有必要的开发依赖。</p><h3 id="发版-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#发版-1"><span>发版</span></a></h3><p>有一个脚本<code>release.sh</code>可以用来执行发版的所有步骤。</p><p>这些步骤包括：</p><ul><li><p>删除所有临时目录（如果存在）</p></li><li><p>（重新）通过 mvn 生成所有必须的源代码</p></li><li><p>运行 linting （flke8）</p></li><li><p>通过 pytest 运行测试</p></li><li><p>Build</p></li><li><p>发布到 pypi</p></li></ul></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><footer class="vp-page-meta"><div class="vp-meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/zh/UserGuide/V1.0.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="发现错误？在 GitHub 上编辑此页" class="nav-link vp-meta-label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 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