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vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#python-native-api"><!---->Python Native API<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Requirements" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#requirements"><!---->Requirements<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="How to use (Example)" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#how-to-use-example"><!---->How to use (Example)<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Initialization" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#initialization"><!---->Initialization<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Managing Session through SessionPool" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#managing-session-through-sessionpool"><!---->Managing Session through SessionPool<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Data Definition Interface (DDL Interface)" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#data-definition-interface-ddl-interface"><!---->Data Definition Interface (DDL Interface)<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Data Manipulation Interface (DML Interface)" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#data-manipulation-interface-dml-interface"><!---->Data Manipulation Interface (DML Interface)<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="IoTDB-SQL Interface" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#iotdb-sql-interface"><!---->IoTDB-SQL Interface<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Schema Template" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#schema-template"><!---->Schema Template<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a 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vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#prerequisites"><!---->Prerequisites<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Compile the thrift library and Debug" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#compile-the-thrift-library-and-debug"><!---->Compile the thrift library and Debug<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Session Client &amp; Example" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#session-client-example"><!---->Session Client &amp; Example<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Tests" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#tests"><!---->Tests<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Futher Tools" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#futher-tools"><!---->Futher Tools<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Releasing" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#releasing"><!---->Releasing<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Preparing your environment" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#preparing-your-environment"><!---->Preparing your environment<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li class="vp-sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-label="Doing the Release" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-heading" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.html#doing-the-release"><!---->Doing the Release<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></li></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="C++ Native API" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Cpp-Native-API.html"><!---->C++ Native API<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="Go Native API" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Go-Native-API.html"><!---->Go Native API<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="JDBC (Not Recommend)" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-JDBC.html"><!---->JDBC (Not Recommend)<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="MQTT" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-MQTT.html"><!---->MQTT<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="REST API V1 (Not Recommend)" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/RestServiceV1.html"><!---->REST API V1 (Not Recommend)<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="REST API V2" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/RestServiceV2.html"><!---->REST API V2<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="TsFile API" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-TsFile-API.html"><!---->TsFile API<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="InfluxDB Protocol" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/InfluxDB-Protocol.html"><!---->InfluxDB Protocol<!----></a><ul class="vp-sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-label="Interface Comparison" class="vp-link nav-link vp-sidebar-link vp-sidebar-page nav-link 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class="vp-sidebar-heading clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">FAQ</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-heading clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Reference</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li></ul><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside><!--[--><main id="main-content" class="vp-page"><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!----><nav class="vp-breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="vp-page-title"><h1><!----></h1><div class="page-info"><!----><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm-334.87 0c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.473-33.473s-33.52 14.72-33.52 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm468.81 33.52H716.4v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H381.53v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.473 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H180.6A134.314 134.314 0 0046.66 277.595v535.756A134.314 134.314 0 00180.6 947.289h669.74a134.36 134.36 0 00133.94-133.938V277.595a134.314 134.314 0 00-133.94-133.938zm33.473 267.877H147.126a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473c0-18.752 14.72-33.473 33.473-33.473h736.687c18.752 0 33.472 14.72 33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.472 33.473z"></path></svg><span><!----></span><meta property="datePublished" content="2024-04-09T02:49:42.000Z"></span><!----><span class="page-reading-time-info" aria-label="Reading Time"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>About 8 min</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT8M"></span><!----><!----></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="toc-header">On This Page<button type="button" class="print-button" title="Print"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon print-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="print icon"><path d="M819.2 364.8h-44.8V128c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v236.8h-44.8C145.067 364.8 96 413.867 96 473.6v192c0 59.733 49.067 108.8 108.8 108.8h44.8V896c0 17.067 14.933 32 32 32h460.8c17.067 0 32-14.933 32-32V774.4h44.8c59.733 0 108.8-49.067 108.8-108.8v-192c0-59.733-49.067-108.8-108.8-108.8zM313.6 160h396.8v204.8H313.6V160zm396.8 704H313.6V620.8h396.8V864zM864 665.6c0 25.6-19.2 44.8-44.8 44.8h-44.8V588.8c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v121.6h-44.8c-25.6 0-44.8-19.2-44.8-44.8v-192c0-25.6 19.2-44.8 44.8-44.8h614.4c25.6 0 44.8 19.2 44.8 44.8v192z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2 toc-link level2" href="#python-native-api">Python Native API</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#how-to-use-example">How to use (Example)</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#initialization">Initialization</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#managing-session-through-sessionpool">Managing Session through SessionPool</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#data-definition-interface-ddl-interface">Data Definition Interface (DDL Interface)</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#data-manipulation-interface-dml-interface">Data Manipulation Interface (DML Interface)</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-sql-interface">IoTDB-SQL Interface</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#schema-template">Schema Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#pandas-support">Pandas Support</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-testcontainer">IoTDB Testcontainer</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-dbapi">IoTDB DBAPI</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-experimental">IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect (Experimental)</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2 toc-link level2" href="#developers">Developers</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#compile-the-thrift-library-and-debug">Compile the thrift library and Debug</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#session-client-example">Session Client &amp; Example</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#tests">Tests</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#futher-tools">Futher Tools</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level2 toc-link level2" href="#releasing">Releasing</a></li><li><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#preparing-your-environment">Preparing your environment</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a class="vp-link toc-link level3 toc-link level3" href="#doing-the-release">Doing the Release</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><div class="toc-marker" style="top:-1.7rem;"></div></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="theme-hope-content"><!--

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--><h2 id="python-native-api" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#python-native-api" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Python Native API</h2><h3 id="requirements" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#requirements" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Requirements</h3><p>You have to install thrift (&gt;=0.13) before using the package.</p><h3 id="how-to-use-example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-use-example" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to use (Example)</h3><p>First, download the package: <code>pip3 install apache-iotdb</code></p><p>You can get an example of using the package to read and write data at here: <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/rel/1.1/client-py/SessionExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>An example of aligned timeseries: <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/rel/1.1/client-py/SessionAlignedTimeseriesExample.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Aligned Timeseries Session Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>(you need to add <code>import iotdb</code> in the head of the file)</p><p>Or:</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="initialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#initialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Initialization</h3><ul><li>Initialize a Session</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTC+8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Open a session, with a parameter to specify whether to enable RPC compression</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enable_rpc_compression<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Notice: this RPC compression status of client must comply with that of IoTDB server</p><ul><li>Close a Session</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="managing-session-through-sessionpool" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#managing-session-through-sessionpool" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Managing Session through SessionPool</h3><p>Utilizing SessionPool to manage sessions eliminates the need to worry about session reuse. When the number of session connections reaches the maximum capacity of the pool, requests for acquiring a session will be blocked, and you can set the blocking wait time through parameters. After using a session, it should be returned to the SessionPool using the <code>putBack</code> method for proper management.</p><h5 id="create-sessionpool" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-sessionpool" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create SessionPool</h5><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>pool_config <span class="token operator">=</span> PoolConfig<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span>port<span class="token operator">=</span>port<span class="token punctuation">,</span> user_name<span class="token operator">=</span>username<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                         password<span class="token operator">=</span>password<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                         time_zone<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTC+8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> max_retry<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
max_pool_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span>
wait_timeout_in_ms <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3000</span>

<span class="token comment"># # Create the connection pool</span>
session_pool <span class="token operator">=</span> SessionPool<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pool_config<span class="token punctuation">,</span> max_pool_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wait_timeout_in_ms<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h5 id="acquiring-a-session-through-sessionpool-and-manually-calling-putback-after-use" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#acquiring-a-session-through-sessionpool-and-manually-calling-putback-after-use" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Acquiring a session through SessionPool and manually calling PutBack after use</h5><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session <span class="token operator">=</span> session_pool<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_session<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>STORAGE_GROUP_NAME<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  TIMESERIES_PATH<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSEncoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Compressor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SNAPPY
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># After usage, return the session using putBack</span>
session_pool<span class="token punctuation">.</span>put_back<span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># When closing the sessionPool, all managed sessions will be closed as well</span>
session_pool<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-definition-interface-ddl-interface" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-definition-interface-ddl-interface" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Data Definition Interface (DDL Interface)</h3><h4 id="database-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#database-management" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Database Management</h4><ul><li>CREATE DATABASE</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Delete one or several databases</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_group<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_storage_groups<span class="token punctuation">(</span>group_name_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="timeseries-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#timeseries-management" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Timeseries Management</h4><ul><li>Create one or multiple timeseries</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ts_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    props<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_multi_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    ts_path_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    props_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tags_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alias_lst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Create aligned timeseries</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_aligned_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding_lst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressor_lst
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Attention: Alias of measurements are <strong>not supported</strong> currently.</p><ul><li>Delete one or several timeseries</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_time_series<span class="token punctuation">(</span>paths_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Check whether the specific timeseries exists</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>check_time_series_exists<span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-manipulation-interface-dml-interface" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-manipulation-interface-dml-interface" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Data Manipulation Interface (DML Interface)</h3><h4 id="insert" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Insert</h4><p>It is recommended to use insertTablet to help improve write efficiency.</p><ul><li>Insert a Tablet，which is multiple rows of a device, each row has the same measurements <ul><li><strong>Better Write Performance</strong></li><li><strong>Support null values</strong>: fill the null value with any value, and then mark the null value via BitMap (from v0.13)</li></ul></li></ul><p>We have two implementations of Tablet in Python API.</p><ul><li>Normal Tablet</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> Tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">17</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> Tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Numpy Tablet</li></ul><p>Comparing with Tablet, Numpy Tablet is using <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">numpy.ndarray<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> to record data.<br> With less memory footprint and time cost of serialization, the insert performance will be better.</p><p><strong>Notice</strong></p><ol><li>time and numerical value columns in Tablet is ndarray</li><li>recommended to use the specific dtypes to each ndarray, see the example below<br> (if not, the default dtypes are also ok).</li></ol><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="token keyword">as</span> np
data_types_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
np_values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
np_timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_tablet_ <span class="token operator">=</span> NumpyTablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_timestamps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>np_tablet_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># insert one numpy tablet with None into the database.</span>
np_values_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOOLEAN<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT32<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">188.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10011.1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">688.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.25</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DOUBLE<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;test01&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test03&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TEXT<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
np_timestamps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INT64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>np_dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>measurements_<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>BitMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>np_timestamps_<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>mark<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>mark<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>mark<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>mark<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_bitmaps_<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>mark<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
np_tablet_with_none <span class="token operator">=</span> NumpyTablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_values_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_timestamps_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> np_bitmaps_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>np_tablet_with_none<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Insert multiple Tablets</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_tablets<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tablet_lst<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Insert a Record</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Insert multiple Records</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    device_ids_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type_list_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list_
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Insert multiple Records that belong to the same device.<br> With type info the server has no need to do type inference, which leads a better performance</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_records_of_one_device<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> values_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="insert-with-type-inference" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert-with-type-inference" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Insert with type inference</h4><p>When the data is of String type, we can use the following interface to perform type inference based on the value of the value itself. For example, if value is &quot;true&quot; , it can be automatically inferred to be a boolean type. If value is &quot;3.2&quot; , it can be automatically inferred as a flout type. Without type information, server has to do type inference, which may cost some time.</p><ul><li>Insert a Record, which contains multiple measurement value of a device at a timestamp</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert_str_record<span class="token punctuation">(</span>device_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements<span class="token punctuation">,</span> string_values<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="insert-of-aligned-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert-of-aligned-timeseries" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Insert of Aligned Timeseries</h4><p>The Insert of aligned timeseries uses interfaces like insert_aligned_XXX, and others are similar to the above interfaces:</p><ul><li>insert_aligned_record</li><li>insert_aligned_records</li><li>insert_aligned_records_of_one_device</li><li>insert_aligned_tablet</li><li>insert_aligned_tablets</li></ul><h3 id="iotdb-sql-interface" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-sql-interface" aria-hidden="true">#</a> IoTDB-SQL Interface</h3><ul><li>Execute query statement</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Execute non query statement</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_non_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Execute statement</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Schema Template</h3><h4 id="create-schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create Schema Template</h4><p>The step for creating a schema template is as follows</p><ol><li>Create the template class</li><li>Adding child Node，InternalNode and MeasurementNode can be chose</li><li>Execute create schema template function</li></ol><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>template <span class="token operator">=</span> Template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

i_node_gps <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;GPS&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
i_node_v <span class="token operator">=</span> InternalNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;vehicle&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share_time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
m_node_x <span class="token operator">=</span> MeasurementNode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSDataType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FLOAT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TSEncoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Compressor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_child<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_gps<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i_node_v<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
template<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>m_node_x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>create_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="modify-schema-template-measurements" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#modify-schema-template-measurements" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Modify Schema Template measurements</h4><p>Modify measurements in a template, the template must be already created. These are functions that add or delete some measurement nodes.</p><ul><li>add node in template</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_types<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encodings<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compressors<span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_aligned<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>delete node in template</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>delete_node_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="set-schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#set-schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Set Schema Template</h4><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="uset-schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#uset-schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Uset Schema Template</h4><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unset_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> prefix_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="show-schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Show Schema Template</h4><ul><li>Show all schema templates</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_all_templates<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Count all measurements in templates</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Judge whether the path is measurement or not in templates, This measurement must be in the template</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Judge whether the path is exist or not in templates, This path may not belong to the template</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_path_exist_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> path<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Show nodes under in schema template</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_measurements_in_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Show the path prefix where a schema template is set</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_set_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Show the path prefix where a schema template is used (i.e. the time series has been created)</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show_paths_template_using_on<span class="token punctuation">(</span>template_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="drop-schema-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#drop-schema-template" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Drop Schema Template</h4><p>Delete an existing schema template，dropping an already set template is not supported</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>drop_schema_template<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;template_python&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="pandas-support" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pandas-support" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pandas Support</h3><p>To easily transform a query result to a <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pandas Dataframe<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br> the SessionDataSet has a method <code>.todf()</code> which consumes the dataset and transforms it to a pandas dataframe.</p><p>Example:</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT * FROM root.*&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># Transform to Pandas Dataset</span>
df <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>todf<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># Now you can work with the dataframe</span>
df <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-testcontainer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-testcontainer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> IoTDB Testcontainer</h3><p>The Test Support is based on the lib <code>testcontainers</code> (<a href="https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>) which you need to install in your project if you want to use the feature.</p><p>To start (and stop) an IoTDB Database in a Docker container simply do:</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyTestCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>unittest<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TestCase<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>

    <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">test_something</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">with</span> IoTDBContainer<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> c<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;localhost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_exposed_port<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6667</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            result <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute_query_statement<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SHOW TIMESERIES&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>by default it will load the image <code>apache/iotdb:latest</code>, if you want a specific version just pass it like e.g. <code>IoTDBContainer(&quot;apache/iotdb:0.12.0&quot;)</code> to get version <code>0.12.0</code> running.</p><h3 id="iotdb-dbapi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-dbapi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> IoTDB DBAPI</h3><p>IoTDB DBAPI implements the Python DB API 2.0 specification (<a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>), which defines a common<br> interface for accessing databases in Python.</p><h4 id="examples" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Examples</h4><ul><li>Initialization</li></ul><p>The initialized parameters are consistent with the session part (except for the sqlalchemy_mode).</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dbapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
conn <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fetch_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>zone_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTC+8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>sqlalchemy_mode<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cursor <span class="token operator">=</span> conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>simple SQL statement execution</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>execute SQL with parameter</li></ul><p>IoTDB DBAPI supports pyformat style parameters</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root WHERE time &lt; %(time)s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;time&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">&quot;2017-11-01T00:08:00.000&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>execute SQL with parameter sequences</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>seq_of_parameters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;temperature&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
sql <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;insert into root.cursor(timestamp,temperature) values(%(timestamp)s,%(temperature)s)&quot;</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span>seq_of_parameters<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>close the connection and cursor</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code>cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-experimental" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#iotdb-sqlalchemy-dialect-experimental" aria-hidden="true">#</a> IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect (Experimental)</h3><p>The SQLAlchemy dialect of IoTDB is written to adapt to Apache Superset.<br> This part is still being improved.<br> Please do not use it in the production environment!</p><h4 id="mapping-of-the-metadata" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mapping-of-the-metadata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mapping of the metadata</h4><p>The data model used by SQLAlchemy is a relational data model, which describes the relationships between different entities through tables.<br> While the data model of IoTDB is a hierarchical data model, which organizes the data through a tree structure.<br> In order to adapt IoTDB to the dialect of SQLAlchemy, the original data model in IoTDB needs to be reorganized.<br> Converting the data model of IoTDB into the data model of SQLAlchemy.</p><p>The metadata in the IoTDB are：</p><ol><li>Database</li><li>Path</li><li>Entity</li><li>Measurement</li></ol><p>The metadata in the SQLAlchemy are：</p><ol><li>Schema</li><li>Table</li><li>Column</li></ol><p>The mapping relationship between them is：</p><table><thead><tr><th>The metadata in the SQLAlchemy</th><th>The metadata in the IoTDB</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Schema</td><td>Database</td></tr><tr><td>Table</td><td>Path ( from database to entity ) + Entity</td></tr><tr><td>Column</td><td>Measurement</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The following figure shows the relationship between the two more intuitively:</p><figure><img src="https://alioss.timecho.com/docs/img/UserGuide/API/IoTDB-SQLAlchemy/sqlalchemy-to-iotdb.png?raw=true" alt="sqlalchemy-to-iotdb" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption>sqlalchemy-to-iotdb</figcaption></figure><h4 id="data-type-mapping" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-type-mapping" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Data type mapping</h4><table><thead><tr><th>data type in IoTDB</th><th>data type in SQLAlchemy</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>BOOLEAN</td><td>Boolean</td></tr><tr><td>INT32</td><td>Integer</td></tr><tr><td>INT64</td><td>BigInteger</td></tr><tr><td>FLOAT</td><td>Float</td></tr><tr><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Float</td></tr><tr><td>TEXT</td><td>Text</td></tr><tr><td>LONG</td><td>BigInteger</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id="example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#example" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Example</h4><ul><li>execute statement</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine

engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
connect <span class="token operator">=</span> engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
result <span class="token operator">=</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SELECT ** FROM root&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>ORM (now only simple queries are supported)</li></ul><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy <span class="token keyword">import</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Float<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MetaData
<span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>declarative <span class="token keyword">import</span> declarative_base
<span class="token keyword">from</span> sqlalchemy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>orm <span class="token keyword">import</span> sessionmaker

metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> MetaData<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    schema<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;root.factory&#39;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Base <span class="token operator">=</span> declarative_base<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token operator">=</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Device</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    __tablename__ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;room2.device1&quot;</span>
    Time <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>BigInteger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> primary_key<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    temperature <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    status <span class="token operator">=</span> Column<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Float<span class="token punctuation">)</span>


engine <span class="token operator">=</span> create_engine<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

DbSession <span class="token operator">=</span> sessionmaker<span class="token punctuation">(</span>bind<span class="token operator">=</span>engine<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> DbSession<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

res <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>query<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Device<span class="token punctuation">.</span>temperature <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">for</span> row <span class="token keyword">in</span> res<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>row<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="developers" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#developers" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Developers</h2><h3 id="introduction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#introduction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Introduction</h3><p>This is an example of how to connect to IoTDB with python, using the thrift rpc interfaces. Things are almost the same on Windows or Linux, but pay attention to the difference like path separator.</p><h3 id="prerequisites" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#prerequisites" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Prerequisites</h3><p>Python3.7 or later is preferred.</p><p>You have to install Thrift (0.11.0 or later) to compile our thrift file into python code. Below is the official tutorial of installation, eventually, you should have a thrift executable.</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Before starting you need to install <code>requirements_dev.txt</code> in your python environment, e.g. by calling</p><div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sh"><pre class="language-bash"><code>pip <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> requirements_dev.txt
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="compile-the-thrift-library-and-debug" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compile-the-thrift-library-and-debug" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compile the thrift library and Debug</h3><p>In the root of IoTDB&#39;s source code folder, run <code>mvn clean generate-sources -pl client-py -am</code>.</p><p>This will automatically delete and repopulate the folder <code>iotdb/thrift</code> with the generated thrift files.<br> This folder is ignored from git and should <strong>never be pushed to git!</strong></p><p><strong>Notice</strong> Do not upload <code>iotdb/thrift</code> to the git repo.</p><h3 id="session-client-example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#session-client-example" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Session Client &amp; Example</h3><p>We packed up the Thrift interface in <code>client-py/src/iotdb/Session.py</code> (similar with its Java counterpart), also provided an example file <code>client-py/src/SessionExample.py</code> of how to use the session module. please read it carefully.</p><p>Or, another simple example:</p><div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> iotdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Session <span class="token keyword">import</span> Session

ip <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
port_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6667&quot;</span>
username_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
password_ <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;root&quot;</span>
session <span class="token operator">=</span> Session<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ip<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username_<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password_<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
zone <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_time_zone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="tests" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tests" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Tests</h3><p>Please add your custom tests in <code>tests</code> folder.</p><p>To run all defined tests just type <code>pytest .</code> in the root folder.</p><p><strong>Notice</strong> Some tests need docker to be started on your system as a test instance is started in a docker container using <a href="https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">testcontainers<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h3 id="futher-tools" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#futher-tools" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Futher Tools</h3><p><a href="https://pypi.org/project/black/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">black<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> and <a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">flake8<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> are installed for autoformatting and linting.<br> Both can be run by <code>black .</code> or <code>flake8 .</code> respectively.</p><h2 id="releasing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#releasing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Releasing</h2><p>To do a release just ensure that you have the right set of generated thrift files.<br> Then run linting and auto-formatting.<br> Then, ensure that all tests work (via <code>pytest .</code>).<br> Then you are good to go to do a release!</p><h3 id="preparing-your-environment" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#preparing-your-environment" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Preparing your environment</h3><p>First, install all necessary dev dependencies via <code>pip install -r requirements_dev.txt</code>.</p><h3 id="doing-the-release" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#doing-the-release" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Doing the Release</h3><p>There is a convenient script <code>release.sh</code> to do all steps for a release.<br> Namely, these are</p><ul><li>Remove all transient directories from last release (if exists)</li><li>(Re-)generate all generated sources via mvn</li><li>Run Linting (flake8)</li><li>Run Tests via pytest</li><li>Build</li><li>Release to pypi</li></ul></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/UserGuide/V1.1.x/API/Programming-Python-Native-API.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Found Error? 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