(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[420],{989:function(s,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var e=a(70),n=Object(e.a)({},(function(){var s=this,t=s.$createElement,a=s._self._c||t;return a("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":s.$parent.slotKey}},[a("h1",{attrs:{id:"数据操作语言-dml"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数据操作语言-dml"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 数据操作语言（DML）")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"数据写入"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数据写入"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 数据写入")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("IoTDB为用户提供多种插入实时数据的方式，例如在"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/CLI/Command-Line-Interface.html"}},[s._v("Cli/Shell工具")]),s._v("中直接输入插入数据的INSERT语句，或使用Java API（标准"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-JDBC.html"}},[s._v("Java JDBC")]),s._v("接口）单条或批量执行插入数据的INSERT语句。")],1),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("本节主要为您介绍实时数据接入的INSERT语句在场景中的实际使用示例，有关INSERT 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"),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("以上示例代码将长整型的timestamp以及值为true的数据插入到时间序列"),a("code",[s._v("root.ln.wf02.wt02.status")]),s._v("中和将长整型的timestamp以及值为”v1”的数据插入到时间序列"),a("code",[s._v("root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware")]),s._v("中。执行成功后会返回执行时间，代表数据插入已完成。")]),s._v(" "),a("blockquote",[a("p",[s._v("注意：在IoTDB中，TEXT类型的数据单双引号都可以来表示,上面的插入语句是用的是双引号表示TEXT类型数据，下面的示例将使用单引号表示TEXT类型数据。")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("INSERT语句还可以支持在同一个时间点下多列数据的插入，同时向2时间点插入上述两个时间序列的值，多列数据插入示例代码如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB > insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp, status, hardware) values (2, false, 'v2')\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("此外，INSERT语句支持一次性插入多行数据，同时向2个不同时间点插入上述时间序列的值，示例代码如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB > insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp, status, hardware) VALUES (3, false, 'v3'),(4, true, 'v4')\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("插入数据后我们可以使用SELECT语句简单查询已插入的数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB > select * from root.ln.wf02 where time < 5\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如图所示。由查询结果可以看出，单列、多列数据的插入操作正确执行。")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- 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"),a("p",[s._v("本节主要介绍时间切片查询的相关示例，主要使用的是"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("IoTDB SELECT语句")]),s._v("。同时，您也可以使用"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-JDBC.html"}},[s._v("Java JDBC")]),s._v("标准接口来执行相关的查询语句。")],1),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("根据一个时间区间选择一列数据")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time < 2017-11-01T00:08:00.000\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("其含义为：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("被选择的设备为ln集团wf01子站wt01设备；被选择的时间序列为温度传感器（temperature）；该语句要求选择出该设备在“2017-11-01T00:08:00.000”（此处可以使用多种时间格式，详情可参看"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Data-Concept/Data-Model-and-Terminology.html"}},[s._v("2.1节")]),s._v("）时间点以前的所有温度传感器的值。")],1),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("该SQL语句的执行结果如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                        25.96|\n|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                        24.36|\n|2017-11-01T00:02:00.000+08:00|                        20.09|\n|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|                        20.18|\n|2017-11-01T00:04:00.000+08:00|                        21.13|\n|2017-11-01T00:05:00.000+08:00|                        22.72|\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                        21.45|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 8\nIt costs 0.026s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("根据一个时间区间选择多列数据")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- 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   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.58|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.98|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        25.52|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.91|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.018s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("按照多个时间区间选择同一设备的多列数据")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("IoTDB支持在一次查询中指定多个时间区间条件，用户可以根据需求随意组合时间区间条件。例如，")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where (time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000) or (time >= 2017-11-01T16:35:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("其含义为：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("被选择的设备为ln集团wf01子站wt01设备；被选择的时间序列为“供电状态（status）”和“温度传感器（temperature）”；该语句指定了两个不同的时间区间，分别为“2017-11-01T00:05:00.000至2017-11-01T00:12:00.000”和“2017-11-01T16:35:00.000至2017-11-01T16:37:00.000”；该语句要求选择出满足任一时间区间的被选时间序列的值。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("该SQL语句的执行结果如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.58|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.98|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        25.52|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.91|\n|2017-11-01T16:35:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        23.44|\n|2017-11-01T16:36:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.98|\n|2017-11-01T16:37:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.93|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.018s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("按照多个时间区间选择不同设备的多列数据")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("该系统支持在一次查询中选择任意列的数据，也就是说，被选择的列可以来源于不同的设备。例如，SQL语句为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select wf01.wt01.status,wf02.wt02.hardware from root.ln where (time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000) or (time >= 2017-11-01T16:35:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("其含义为：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("被选择的时间序列为“ln集团wf01子站wt01设备的供电状态”以及“ln集团wf02子站wt02设备的硬件版本”；该语句指定了两个时间区间，分别为“2017-11-01T00:05:00.000至2017-11-01T00:12:00.000”和“2017-11-01T16:35:00.000至2017-11-01T16:37:00.000”；该语句要求选择出满足任意时间区间的被选时间序列的值。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("该SQL语句的执行结果如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        v2|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T16:35:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        v2|\n|2017-11-01T16:36:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n|2017-11-01T16:37:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        v1|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------+\nTotal line number = 9\nIt costs 0.014s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"其他结果对齐方式"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#其他结果对齐方式"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 其他结果对齐方式")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("根据时间降序返回\nIoTDB 在 0.11 版本开始支持 'order by time' 语句, 用于对结果按照时间进行降序展示。例如，SQL语句为：")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-sql line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sql"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("select")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("*")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("from")]),s._v(" root"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("ln "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("where")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("time")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(">")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[s._v("1")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("order")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("by")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("time")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("desc")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("limit")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[s._v("10")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("语句执行的结果为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware|root.ln.wf02.wt02.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|                        v1|                   false|                        21.07|                   false|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00|                        v1|                   false|                        22.93|                   false|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00|                        v2|                    true|                        24.39|                    true|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00|                        v2|                    true|                        24.44|                    true|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00|                        v2|                    true|                         25.9|                    true|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00|                        v1|                   false|                        22.52|                   false|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00|                        v2|                    true|                        24.58|                    true|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00|                        v1|                   false|                        20.18|                   false|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00|                        v1|                   false|                        22.24|                   false|\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00|                        v2|                    true|                         23.7|                    true|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\nTotal line number = 10\nIt costs 0.016s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("更多语法请参照 "),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("SQL REFERENCE")]),s._v(".")],1),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("IoTDB支持另外两种结果返回形式: 按设备时间对齐 'align by device' 和 时序不对齐 'disable align'.")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("'align by device' 对齐方式下，设备ID会单独作为一列出现。在 select 子句中写了多少列，最终结果就会有该列数+2 （时间列和设备名字列）。SQL形如:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.* where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 align by device\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------+------+--------+\n|                         Time|           Device|temperature|status|hardware|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------+------+--------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01|      25.96|  true|    null|\n|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01|      24.36|  true|    null|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02|       null|  true|      v1|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02|       null| false|      v2|\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02|       null|  true|      v2|\n|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02|       null|  true|      v2|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------+------+--------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.012s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("'disable align' 意味着每条时序就有 2 列存在。Disable Align只能用于查询语句句尾，不能用于聚合查询、Fill语句、Group by或Group by device语句，但可用于Limit语句。结果显示若无数据显示为空白。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL形如:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.* where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 disable align\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware|                         Time|root.ln.wf02.wt02.status|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|                        v1|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|                    true|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                        25.96|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                    true|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|                        v2|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|                   false|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                        24.36|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                        v2|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                    true|                         null|                         null|                         null|                    null|\n|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                        v2|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                    true|                         null|                         null|                         null|                    null|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\nTotal line number = 4\nIt costs 0.018s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("更多语法请参照"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("SQL REFERENCE")]),s._v("。")],1),s._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"结果空值过滤"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#结果空值过滤"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 结果空值过滤")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("如果结果集中，任意一列为null，则过滤掉该行；即获得的结果集不包含任何空值")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.* where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 WITHOUT NULL ANY\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("在降采样查询中，如果结果集的某一行所有列都为null，则过滤掉该行；即获得的结果集不包含所有值都为null的行")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.* where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 WITHOUT NULL ALL\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"聚合函数"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#聚合函数"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 聚合函数")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("本章节主要介绍聚合查询的相关示例，\n主要使用的是IoTDB SELECT语句的聚合查询函数。")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("统计总点数")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-------------------------------+\n|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|\n+-------------------------------+\n|                          10080|\n+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.016s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"时间区间分组聚合"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#时间区间分组聚合"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 时间区间分组聚合")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("本章节主要介绍时间区间分组聚合查询的相关示例，\n主要使用的是IoTDB SELECT语句的"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("GROUP BY子句")]),s._v("，\n该子句是IoTDB中用于根据用户给定划分条件对结果集进行划分，并对已划分的结果集进行聚合计算的语句。\nIoTDB支持根据时间间隔和自定义的滑动步长（默认值与时间间隔相同，自定义的值必须大于等于时间间隔）对结果集进行划分，默认结果按照时间升序排列。\n同时，您也可以使用Java JDBC标准接口来执行相关的查询语句。")],1),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("GROUP BY语句为用户提供三类指定参数：")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("参数1：时间轴显示时间窗参数")]),s._v(" "),a("li",[s._v("参数2：划分时间轴的时间间隔参数（必须为正数）")]),s._v(" "),a("li",[s._v("参数3：滑动步长（可选参数，默认值与时间间隔相同，自定义的值必须大于等于时间间隔）")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("三类参数的实际含义已经在下图中指出，这三类参数里，第三个参数是可选的。\n接下来，我们将给出三种典型的降频聚合查询的例子：\n滑动步长未指定，\n指定滑动步长，\n带值过滤条件。")]),s._v(" "),a("img",{staticStyle:{width:"100%","max-width":"800px","max-height":"600px","margin-left":"auto","margin-right":"auto",display:"block"},attrs:{src:"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/16079446/69109512-f808bc80-0ab2-11ea-9e4d-b2b2f58fb474.png"}}),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("未指定滑动步长的降频聚合查询")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("对应的SQL语句是:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("这条查询的含义是:")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于用户没有指定滑动步长，滑动步长将会被默认设置为跟时间间隔参数相同，也就是"),a("code",[s._v("1d")]),s._v("。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第一个参数是显示窗口参数，决定了最终的显示范围是[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00)。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第二个参数是划分时间轴的时间间隔参数，将"),a("code",[s._v("1d")]),s._v("当作划分间隔，显示窗口参数的起始时间当作分割原点，时间轴即被划分为连续的时间间隔：[0,1d), [1d, 2d), [2d, 3d)等等。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("然后系统将会用WHERE子句中的时间和值过滤条件以及GROUP BY语句中的第一个参数作为数据的联合过滤条件，获得满足所有过滤条件的数据（在这个例子里是在[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07 T23:00:00)这个时间范围的数据），并把这些数据映射到之前分割好的时间轴中（这个例子里是从2017-11-01T00:00:00到2017-11-07T23:00:00:00的每一天）")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("每个时间间隔窗口内都有数据，SQL执行后的结果集如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|max_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                   25.99|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                   25.99|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1380|                                    26.0|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.024s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("指定滑动步长的时间区间分组聚合查询")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("对应的SQL语句是:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01 00:00:00, 2017-11-07 23:00:00), 3h, 1d);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("这条查询的含义是:")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于用户指定了滑动步长为"),a("code",[s._v("1d")]),s._v("，GROUP BY语句执行时将会每次把时间间隔往后移动一天的步长，而不是默认的3小时。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("也就意味着，我们想要取从2017-11-01到2017-11-07每一天的凌晨0点到凌晨3点的数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第一个参数是显示窗口参数，决定了最终的显示范围是[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00)。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第二个参数是划分时间轴的时间间隔参数，将"),a("code",[s._v("3h")]),s._v("当作划分间隔，显示窗口参数的起始时间当作分割原点，时间轴即被划分为连续的时间间隔：[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-01T03:00:00), [2017-11-02T00:00:00, 2017-11-02T03:00:00), [2017-11-03T00:00:00, 2017-11-03T03:00:00)等等。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第三个参数是每次时间间隔的滑动步长。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("然后系统将会用WHERE子句中的时间和值过滤条件以及GROUP BY语句中的第一个参数作为数据的联合过滤条件，获得满足所有过滤条件的数据（在这个例子里是在[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07 T23:00:00)这个时间范围的数据），并把这些数据映射到之前分割好的时间轴中（这个例子里是从2017-11-01T00:00:00到2017-11-07T23:00:00:00的每一天的凌晨0点到凌晨3点）")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("每个时间间隔窗口内都有数据，SQL执行后的结果集如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|max_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.98|\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.98|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.96|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.96|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.85|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            180|                                   25.99|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.006s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("按照自然月份的时间区间分组聚合查询")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("对应的SQL语句是:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T01:00:00 group by([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00), 1mo, 2mo);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("这条查询的含义是:")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于用户指定了滑动步长为"),a("code",[s._v("2mo")]),s._v("，GROUP BY语句执行时将会每次把时间间隔往后移动2个自然月的步长，而不是默认的1个自然月。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("也就意味着，我们想要取从2017-11-01到2019-11-07每2个自然月的第一个月的数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第一个参数是显示窗口参数，决定了最终的显示范围是[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00)。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("起始时间为2017-11-01T00:00:00，滑动步长将会以起始时间作为标准按月递增，取当月的1号作为时间间隔的起始时间。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第二个参数是划分时间轴的时间间隔参数，将"),a("code",[s._v("1mo")]),s._v("当作划分间隔，显示窗口参数的起始时间当作分割原点，时间轴即被划分为连续的时间间隔：[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-12-01T00:00:00), [2018-02-01T00:00:00, 2018-03-01T00:00:00), [2018-05-03T00:00:00, 2018-06-01T00:00:00)等等。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第三个参数是每次时间间隔的滑动步长。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("然后系统将会用WHERE子句中的时间和值过滤条件以及GROUP BY语句中的第一个参数作为数据的联合过滤条件，获得满足所有过滤条件的数据（在这个例子里是在[2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00)这个时间范围的数据），并把这些数据映射到之前分割好的时间轴中（这个例子里是从2017-11-01T00:00:00到2019-11-07T23:00:00:00的每两个自然月的第一个月）")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("每个时间间隔窗口内都有数据，SQL执行后的结果集如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            259|\n|2018-01-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            250|\n|2018-03-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            259|\n|2018-05-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            251|\n|2018-07-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            242|\n|2018-09-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            225|\n|2018-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            216|\n|2019-01-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            207|\n|2019-03-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            216|\n|2019-05-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            207|\n|2019-07-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            199|\n|2019-09-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            181|\n|2019-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                             60|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("17")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("对应的SQL语句是:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by([2017-10-31T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00), 1mo, 2mo);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("这条查询的含义是:")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于用户指定了滑动步长为"),a("code",[s._v("2mo")]),s._v("，GROUP BY语句执行时将会每次把时间间隔往后移动2个自然月的步长，而不是默认的1个自然月。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("也就意味着，我们想要取从2017-10-31到2019-11-07每2个自然月的第一个月的数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("与上述示例不同的是起始时间为2017-10-31T00:00:00，滑动步长将会以起始时间作为标准按月递增，取当月的31号（即最后一天）作为时间间隔的起始时间。若起始时间设置为30号，滑动步长会将时间间隔的起始时间设置为当月30号，若不存在则为最后一天。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第一个参数是显示窗口参数，决定了最终的显示范围是[2017-10-31T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00)。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第二个参数是划分时间轴的时间间隔参数，将"),a("code",[s._v("1mo")]),s._v("当作划分间隔，显示窗口参数的起始时间当作分割原点，时间轴即被划分为连续的时间间隔：[2017-10-31T00:00:00, 2017-11-31T00:00:00), [2018-02-31T00:00:00, 2018-03-31T00:00:00), [2018-05-31T00:00:00, 2018-06-31T00:00:00)等等。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("上面这个例子的第三个参数是每次时间间隔的滑动步长。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("然后系统将会用WHERE子句中的时间和值过滤条件以及GROUP BY语句中的第一个参数作为数据的联合过滤条件，获得满足所有过滤条件的数据（在这个例子里是在[2017-10-31T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00)这个时间范围的数据），并把这些数据映射到之前分割好的时间轴中（这个例子里是从2017-10-31T00:00:00到2019-11-07T23:00:00:00的每两个自然月的第一个月）")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("每个时间间隔窗口内都有数据，SQL执行后的结果集如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-10-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            251|\n|2017-12-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            250|\n|2018-02-28T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            259|\n|2018-04-30T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            250|\n|2018-06-30T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            242|\n|2018-08-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            225|\n|2018-10-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            216|\n|2018-12-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            208|\n|2019-02-28T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            216|\n|2019-04-30T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            208|\n|2019-06-30T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            199|\n|2019-08-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                            181|\n|2019-10-31T00:00:00.000+08:00|                             69|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("17")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("左开右闭区间")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("每个区间的结果时间戳为区间右端点，对应的SQL语句是:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00],1d);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("这条查询语句的时间区间是左开右闭的，结果中不会包含时间点2017-11-01的数据，但是会包含时间点2017-11-07的数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL执行后的结果集如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|\n|2017-11-07T23:00:00.000+08:00|                           1380|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.004s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"路径层级分组聚合"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#路径层级分组聚合"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 路径层级分组聚合")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v('在时间序列层级结构中，分层聚合查询用于对某一层级进行聚合查询。\n这里使用LEVEL来统计指定层级下的聚合范围，该语句约定root为第0层序列，若统计"root.ln"下所有序列则需指定level为1。')]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v('例如：在"root.ln.wf01"下存在多个子序列：wt01，wt02，wt03等均有名为status的序列，\n如果需要统计这些子序列的status包含的点个数，使用以下查询:')]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.* group by level=2\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("运行结果为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+----------------------------+\n|count(root.ln.wf01.*.status)|\n+----------------------------+\n|                       10080|\n+----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.003s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v('假设此时添加两条序列，"root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature" and "root.ln.wf02.wt01.temperature"。\n需要同时查询"root.ln.*.*.temperature"在第二层级的count聚合结果和sum聚合结果，可以使用下列查询语句：')]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(temperature), sum(temperature) from root.ln.*.* group by level=2\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("运行结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|count(root.ln.wf02.*.temperature)|count(root.ln.wf01.*.temperature)|sum(root.ln.wf02.*.temperature)|sum(root.ln.wf01.*.temperature)|\n+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                                8|                                4|                          228.0|              91.83000183105469|\n+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.013s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v('若统计"root.ln.*.*"下第一层级的count聚合结果和sum聚合结果，则设置level=1即可:')]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(temperature), sum(temperature) from root.ln.*.* group by level=1\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("运行结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+------------------------------+----------------------------+\n|count(root.ln.*.*.temperature)|sum(root.ln.*.*.temperature)|\n+------------------------------+----------------------------+\n|                            12|           319.8300018310547|\n+------------------------------+----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.013s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("分层聚合查询也可被用于其他聚合函数，当前所支持的聚合函数为：count, sum, avg, last_value, first_value, min_time, max_time, min_value, max_value, extreme")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("对于sum, avg, min_value, max_value, extreme五种聚合函数，需保证所有聚合的时间序列数据类型相同。其他聚合函数没有此限制。")]),s._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"时间区间和路径层级分组聚合查询"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#时间区间和路径层级分组聚合查询"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 时间区间和路径层级分组聚合查询")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("除此之外，还可以通过定义LEVEL来统计指定层级下的数据点个数。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("例如：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("统计降采样后的数据点个数")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00],1d), level=1;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\n|                         Time|COUNT(root.ln.*.*.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                     1440|\n|2017-11-07T23:00:00.000+08:00|                     1380|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.006s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("加上滑动Step的降采样后的结果也可以汇总")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([0,20),2ms,3ms), level=1;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\n|                         Time|COUNT(root.ln.*.*.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                      180|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.004s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"最新点查询"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#最新点查询"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 最新点查询")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语法：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select last <Path> [COMMA <Path>]* from < PrefixPath > [COMMA < PrefixPath >]* <WhereClause>\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("其含义是：查询时间序列prefixPath.path中最近时间戳的数据")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("<WhereClause>中当前只支持含有'>'或'>='的时间过滤条件，任何其他过滤条件都将会返回异常。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果集为三列的结构")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+----+----------+-----+\n|Time|timeseries|value|\n+----+----------+-----+\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("示例 1：查询 root.ln.wf01.wt01.status 的最新数据点")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB> select last status from root.ln.wf01.wt01\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----+\n|                         Time|              timeseries|value|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----+\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|false|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.000s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("示例 2：查询 root.ln.wf01.wt01 下 status，temperature 时间戳大于等于2017-11-07T23:50:00的最新数据点。")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB> select last status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-07T23:50:00\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+---------+\n|                         Time|                   timeseries|    value|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+---------+\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|     root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|    false|\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|21.067368|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+---------+\nTotal line number = 2\nIt costs 0.002s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"空值填充"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#空值填充"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 空值填充")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在IoTDB的实际使用中，当进行时间序列的查询操作时，可能会出现在某些时间点值为null的情况，这会妨碍用户进行进一步的分析。 为了更好地反映数据更改的程度，用户希望可以自动填充缺失值。 因此，IoTDB系统引入了自动填充功能。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("自动填充功能是指对单列或多列执行时间序列查询时，根据用户指定的方法和有效时间范围填充空值。 如果查询点的值不为null，则填充功能将不起作用。")]),s._v(" "),a("blockquote",[a("p",[s._v("注意：在当前版本中，IoTDB为用户提供两种方法：Previous 和Linear。 Previous 方法用前一个值填充空白。 Linear方法通过线性拟合来填充空白。 并且填充功能只能在执行时间点查询时使用。")])]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("填充功能")])]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("Previous功能")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("当查询的时间戳值为空时，将使用前一个时间戳的值来填充空白。 形式化的先前方法如下（有关详细语法，请参见第7.1.3.6节）：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select <path> from <prefixPath> where time = <T> fill(<data_type>[previous, <before_range>], …)\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("表3-4给出了所有参数的详细说明。")]),s._v(" "),a("center",[s._v("**表3-4previous填充参数列表**\n"),a("table",[a("thead",[a("tr",[a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("参数名称（不区分大小写）")]),s._v(" "),a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("解释")])])]),s._v(" "),a("tbody",[a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("path, prefixPath")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("查询路径； 必填项")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("T")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("查询时间戳（只能指定一个）； 必填项")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("data_type")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("填充方法使用的数据类型。 可选值是int32，int64，float，double，boolean，text; 可选字段")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("before_range")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("表示前一种方法的有效时间范围。 当[T-before \\ _range，T]范围内的值存在时，前一种方法将起作用。 如果未指定before_range，则before_range会使用默认值default_fill_interval; -1表示无穷大； 可选字段")])])])])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在这里，我们举一个使用先前方法填充空值的示例。 SQL语句如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select temperature from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(float[previous, 1m]) \n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于时间根目录root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature在2017-11-01T16：37：50.000为空，因此系统使用以前的时间戳2017-11-01T16：37：00.000（且时间戳位于[2017-11-01T16:36:50.000, 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000]范围）进行填充和显示。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在"),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thulab/iotdb/files/4438687/OtherMaterial-Sample.Data.txt",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s._v("样例数据中"),a("OutboundLink")],1),s._v(", 该语句的执行结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00|                          21.93|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.016s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("值得注意的是，如果在指定的有效时间范围内没有值，系统将不会填充空值，如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB> select temperature from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(float[previous, 1s]) \n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00|                           null|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.004s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("Linear方法")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("当查询的时间戳值为空时，将使用前一个和下一个时间戳的值来填充空白。 形式化线性方法如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select <path> from <prefixPath> where time = <T> fill(<data_type>[linear, <before_range>, <after_range>]…)\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("表3-5中给出了所有参数的详细说明。")]),s._v(" "),a("center",[s._v("**表3-5线性填充参数列表**\n"),a("table",[a("thead",[a("tr",[a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("参数名称（不区分大小写）")]),s._v(" "),a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("解释")])])]),s._v(" "),a("tbody",[a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("path, prefixPath")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("查询路径； 必填项")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("T")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("查询时间戳（只能指定一个）； 必填项")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("data_type")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("填充方法使用的数据类型。 可选值是int32，int64，float，double，boolean，text; 可选字段")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("before_range, after_range")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("表示线性方法的有效时间范围。 当[T-before_range，T + after_range]范围内的值存在时，前一种方法将起作用。 如果未明确指定before_range和after_range，则使用default_fill_interval。 -1表示无穷大； 可选字段")])])])])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("需要注意的是一旦时间序列在查询时间戳T时刻存在有效值，线性填充就回使用这个值作为结果返回。\n除此之外，如果在[T-before_range，T]或[T, T + after_range]两个范围中任意一个范围内不存在有效填充值，则线性填充返回null值。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在这里，我们举一个使用线性方法填充空值的示例。 SQL语句如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select temperature from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(float [linear, 1m, 1m])\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("由于时间根目录root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature在2017-11-01T16：37：50.000为空，因此系统使用以前的时间戳2017-11-01T16：37：00.000（且时间戳位于[2017- 11-01T16：36：50.000，2017-11-01T16：37：50.000]时间范围）及其值21.927326，下一个时间戳记2017-11-01T16：38：00.000（且时间戳记位于[2017-11-11] 01T16：37：50.000、2017-11-01T16：38：50.000]时间范围）及其值25.311783以执行线性拟合计算：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("21.927326 +（25.311783-21.927326）/ 60s * 50s = 24.747707")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在 "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thulab/iotdb/files/4438687/OtherMaterial-Sample.Data.txt",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s._v("样例数据"),a("OutboundLink")],1),s._v(", 该语句的执行结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:37:50.000+08:00|                      24.746666|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.017s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("数据类型和填充方法之间的对应关系")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("数据类型和支持的填充方法如表3-6所示。")]),s._v(" "),a("center",[s._v("**表3-6数据类型和支持的填充方法**\n"),a("table",[a("thead",[a("tr",[a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("数据类型")]),s._v(" "),a("th",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("支持的填充方法")])])]),s._v(" "),a("tbody",[a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("boolean")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("int32")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous, linear")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("int64")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous, linear")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("float")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous, linear")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("double")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous, linear")])]),s._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("text")]),s._v(" "),a("td",{staticStyle:{"text-align":"left"}},[s._v("previous")])])])])]),s._v(" "),a("blockquote",[a("p",[s._v("注意：应在Fill语句中至少指定一种填充方法。")])]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("时间区间分组聚合查询补空值")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("时间区间分组聚合出的各个时间段的结果，支持使用前值补空。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("不允许设置滑动步长，默认为聚合时间区间，实际为定长采样。现在只支持 last_value 聚合函数。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("目前不支持线性插值补空值。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("PREVIOUS 和 PREVIOUSUNTILLAST 的区别")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("PREVIOUS：只要空值前边有值，就会用其填充空值。")]),s._v(" "),a("li",[s._v("PREVIOUSUNTILLAST：不会填充此序列最新点后的空值")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("首先我们检查一下root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature在时间2017-11-07T23:50:00以后的值")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB> SELECT temperature FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-07T23:50:00\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00|                         23.7|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00|                        22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00|                        20.18|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00|                        24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00|                        22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00|                         25.9|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00|                        24.44|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00|                        24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00|                        22.93|\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|                        21.07|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 10\nIt costs 0.002s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("17")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("我们发现root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature的最后时间和值是2017-11-07T23:59:00和21.07。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL 示例:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("SELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-08T00:01:00),1m) FILL (float[PREVIOUSUNTILLAST]);\nSELECT last_value(temperature) FROM root.ln.wf01.wt01 GROUP BY([2017-11-07T23:50:00, 2017-11-08T00:01:00),1m) FILL (float[PREVIOUS]);\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|                         Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00|                                     23.7|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00|                                    22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00|                                    20.18|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00|                                    24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00|                                    22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00|                                     25.9|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00|                                    24.44|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00|                                    24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00|                                    22.93|\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|                                    21.07|\n|2017-11-08T00:00:00.000+08:00|                                     null|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 11\nIt costs 0.005s\n\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|                         Time|last_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-07T23:50:00.000+08:00|                                     23.7|\n|2017-11-07T23:51:00.000+08:00|                                    22.24|\n|2017-11-07T23:52:00.000+08:00|                                    20.18|\n|2017-11-07T23:53:00.000+08:00|                                    24.58|\n|2017-11-07T23:54:00.000+08:00|                                    22.52|\n|2017-11-07T23:55:00.000+08:00|                                     25.9|\n|2017-11-07T23:56:00.000+08:00|                                    24.44|\n|2017-11-07T23:57:00.000+08:00|                                    24.39|\n|2017-11-07T23:58:00.000+08:00|                                    22.93|\n|2017-11-07T23:59:00.000+08:00|                                    21.07|\n|2017-11-08T00:00:00.000+08:00|                                    21.07|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 11\nIt costs 0.006s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("17")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("18")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("19")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("20")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("21")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("22")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("23")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("24")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("25")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("26")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("27")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("28")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("29")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("30")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("31")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("32")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("33")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("34")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("35")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("解释:")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("使用 PREVIOUSUNTILLAST 将不会填充2017-11-07T23:59:00以后的值。")]),s._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"limit-offset"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#limit-offset"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" LIMIT & OFFSET")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("IoTDB提供 "),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("LIMIT/SLIMIT")]),s._v(" 子句和 "),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("OFFSET/SOFFSET")]),s._v(" 子句，以使用户可以更好地控制查询结果。使用LIMIT和SLIMIT子句可让用户控制查询结果的行数和列数，\n并且使用OFFSET和SOFSET子句允许用户设置结果显示的起始位置。")],1),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("请注意，按组查询不支持LIMIT和OFFSET。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("本章主要介绍查询结果的行和列控制的相关示例。你还可以使用 "),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/API/Programming-JDBC.html"}},[s._v("Java JDBC")]),s._v(" 标准接口执行查询。")],1),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("查询结果的行控制")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("通过使用LIMIT和OFFSET子句，用户可以以与行相关的方式控制查询结果。 我们将通过以下示例演示如何使用LIMIT和OFFSET子句。")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例1：基本的LIMIT子句")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 10\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 选择的时间序列是“状态”和“温度”。 SQL语句要求返回查询结果的前10行。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        25.96|\n|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        24.36|\n|2017-11-01T00:02:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.09|\n|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.18|\n|2017-11-01T00:04:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.13|\n|2017-11-01T00:05:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.72|\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.58|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.98|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 10\nIt costs 0.000s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例2：带OFFSET的LIMIT子句")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 5 offset 3\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 选择的时间序列是“状态”和“温度”。 SQL语句要求返回查询结果的第3至7行（第一行编号为0行）。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.18|\n|2017-11-01T00:04:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.13|\n|2017-11-01T00:05:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.72|\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.342s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例3：LIMIT子句与WHERE子句结合")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time< 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 5 offset 3\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 选择的时间序列是“状态”和“温度”。 SQL语句要求返回时间“ 2017-11-01T00：05：00.000”和“ 2017-11-01T00：12：00.000”之间的状态和温度传感器值的第3至4行（第一行） 编号为第0行）。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.18|\n|2017-11-01T00:04:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.13|\n|2017-11-01T00:05:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.72|\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.000s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例4：LIMIT子句与GROUP BY子句组合")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d) limit 4 offset 3\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句子句要求返回查询结果的第3至6行（第一行编号为0行）。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|                         Time|count(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|max_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                    26.0|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1440|                                   25.99|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                           1380|                                    26.0|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 4\nIt costs 0.016s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("值得注意的是，由于当前的FILL子句只能在某个时间点填充时间序列的缺失值，也就是说，FILL子句的执行结果恰好是一行，因此LIMIT和OFFSET不会是 与FILL子句结合使用，否则将提示错误。 例如，执行以下SQL语句：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select temperature from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(float[previous, 1m]) limit 10\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句将不会执行，并且相应的错误提示如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("Msg: 401: Error occured while parsing SQL to physical plan: line 1:101 mismatched input 'limit' expecting {<EOF>, SLIMIT, SOFFSET, GROUP, DISABLE, ALIGN}\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("查询结果的列控制")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("通过使用SLIMIT和SOFFSET子句，用户可以与列相关的方式控制查询结果。 我们将通过以下示例演示如何使用SLIMIT和SOFFSET子句。")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例1：基本的SLIMIT子句")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 slimit 1\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v('所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 所选时间序列是该设备下的第二列，即温度。 SQL语句要求在"2017-11-01T00:05:00.000"和"2017-11-01T00:12:00.000"的时间点之间选择温度传感器值。')]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                        21.45|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                        22.58|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                        20.98|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                        25.52|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                        22.91|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.000s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例2：带SOFFSET的SLIMIT子句")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 slimit 1 soffset 1\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v('所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 所选时间序列是该设备下的第一列，即电源状态。 SQL语句要求在" 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000"和"2017-11-01T00:12:00.000"的时间点之间选择状态传感器值。')]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                   false|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.003s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例3：SLIMIT子句与GROUP BY子句结合")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select max_value(*) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d) slimit 1 soffset 1\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n|                         Time|max_value(root.ln.wf01.wt01.status)|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-02T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-03T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-04T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-05T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-06T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n|2017-11-07T00:00:00.000+08:00|                               true|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 7\nIt costs 0.000s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("示例4：SLIMIT子句与FILL子句结合")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time = 2017-11-01T16:37:50.000 fill(float[previous, 1m]) slimit 1 soffset 1\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+--------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.status|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T16:35:00.000+08:00|                      true|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------------+\nTotal line number = 1\nIt costs 0.007s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("ul",[a("li",[s._v("控制查询结果的行和列")])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("除了对查询结果进行行或列控制之外，IoTDB还允许用户控制查询结果的行和列。 这是同时包含LIMIT子句和SLIMIT子句的完整示例。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句是：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 10 offset 100 slimit 2 soffset 0\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("意思是：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("所选设备为ln组wf01工厂wt01设备； 所选时间序列是此设备下的第0列至第1列（第一列编号为第0列）。 SQL语句子句要求返回查询结果的第100至109行（第一行编号为0行）。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T01:40:00.000+08:00|                        21.19|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T01:41:00.000+08:00|                        22.79|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T01:42:00.000+08:00|                        22.98|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T01:43:00.000+08:00|                        21.52|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T01:44:00.000+08:00|                        23.45|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T01:45:00.000+08:00|                        24.06|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T01:46:00.000+08:00|                         22.6|                   false|\n|2017-11-01T01:47:00.000+08:00|                        23.78|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T01:48:00.000+08:00|                        24.72|                    true|\n|2017-11-01T01:49:00.000+08:00|                        24.68|                    true|\n+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+\nTotal line number = 10\nIt costs 0.009s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("13")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("14")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("15")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("16")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"别名"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#别名"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 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1.3980636773094157|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.038+08:00|4377791063319964531|-0.8938962705202537|  0.4482738644511651| -1.994085181866842|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.039+08:00|7972485567734642915| 0.9627757585308978|-0.27030138509681073|-3.5618602479083545|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.040+08:00|2508858212791964081|-0.6073417341629443| -0.7944406950452296| 0.7644897069734913|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.041+08:00|2817297431185141819|-0.8419358900502509| -0.5395775727782725| 1.5603611649667768|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------------------+-------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.008s\n")])]),s._v(" 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false|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|  error:-37229|                                      false|                                                  true|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|     warn:1731|                                       true|                                                 false|\n+-----------------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 3\nIt costs 0.007s\n')])]),s._v(" 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null|\n|2020-12-10T20:36:15.533+08:00|-7162825364312197604|          -7162825364312197604|                             null|\n|2020-12-10T20:36:15.534+08:00|-8581625725655917595|                          null|             -8581625725655917595|\n|2020-12-10T20:36:15.535+08:00|-7667364751255535391|                          null|             -7667364751255535391|\n+-----------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.006s\n')])]),s._v(" 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root.sg1.d1.s1|time_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.037+08:00|7360723084922759782|                              1|      -8431715764844238876|                    8431715764844238876|    -8.4317157648442388E18|                  8.4317157648442388E18|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.038+08:00|4377791063319964531|                              1|      -2982932021602795251|                    2982932021602795251|     -2.982932021602795E18|                   2.982932021602795E18|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.039+08:00|7972485567734642915|                              1|       3594694504414678384|                    3594694504414678384|     3.5946945044146785E18|                  3.5946945044146785E18|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.040+08:00|2508858212791964081|                              1|      -5463627354942678834|                    5463627354942678834|     -5.463627354942679E18|                   5.463627354942679E18|\n|2020-12-10T17:11:49.041+08:00|2817297431185141819|                              1|        308439218393177738|                     308439218393177738|     3.0843921839317773E17|                  3.0843921839317773E17|\n+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.014s\n")])]),s._v(" 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"),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.sg.d1.s1|-root.sg.d1.s1|root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s1 + root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s1 - root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s1 * root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s1 / root.sg.d1.s2|root.sg.d1.s1 % root.sg.d1.s2|\n+-----------------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|          1.0|          -1.0|          1.0|          1.0|                          2.0|                          0.0|                          1.0|                          1.0|                          0.0|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|          2.0|          -2.0|          2.0|          2.0|                          4.0|                          0.0|                          4.0|                          1.0|                          0.0|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00|          3.0|          -3.0|          3.0|          3.0|                          6.0|                          0.0|                          9.0|                          1.0|                          0.0|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00|          4.0|          -4.0|          4.0|          4.0|                          8.0|                          0.0|                         16.0|                          1.0|                          0.0|\n|1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00|          5.0|          -5.0|          5.0|          5.0|                         10.0|                          0.0|                         25.0|                          1.0|                          0.0|\n+-----------------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 5\nIt costs 0.014s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br")])]),a("h4",{attrs:{id:"错误处理"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#错误处理"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 错误处理")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("当LIMIT / SLIMIT的参数N / SN超过结果集的大小时，IoTDB将按预期返回所有结果。 例如，原始SQL语句的查询结果由六行组成，我们通过LIMIT子句选择前100行：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 100\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|                         Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|2017-11-01T00:06:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.71|\n|2017-11-01T00:07:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        21.45|\n|2017-11-01T00:08:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.58|\n|2017-11-01T00:09:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        20.98|\n|2017-11-01T00:10:00.000+08:00|                    true|                        25.52|\n|2017-11-01T00:11:00.000+08:00|                   false|                        22.91|\n+-----------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nTotal line number = 6\nIt costs 0.005s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("12")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("当LIMIT / SLIMIT子句的参数N / SN超过允许的最大值（N / SN的类型为int32）时，系统将提示错误。 例如，执行以下SQL语句：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 1234567890123456789\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句将不会执行，并且相应的错误提示如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("Msg: 303: check metadata error: Out of range. LIMIT <N>: N should be Int32.\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("当LIMIT / LIMIT子句的参数N / SN不是正整数时，系统将提示错误。 例如，执行以下SQL语句：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 13.1\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("SQL语句将不会执行，并且相应的错误提示如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("Msg: 401: line 1:129 mismatched input '.' expecting {<EOF>, SLIMIT, OFFSET, SOFFSET, GROUP, DISABLE, ALIGN}\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("当LIMIT子句的参数OFFSET超过结果集的大小时，IoTDB将返回空结果集。 例如，执行以下SQL语句：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 2 offset 6\n\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("结果如下所示：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("+----+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n|Time|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|\n+----+------------------------+-----------------------------+\n+----+------------------------+-----------------------------+\nEmpty set.\nIt costs 0.005s\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br")])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"数据删除"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数据删除"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 数据删除")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("用户使用"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Appendix/SQL-Reference.html"}},[s._v("DELETE语句")]),s._v("可以删除指定的时间序列中符合时间删除条件的数据。在删除数据时，用户可以选择需要删除的一个或多个时间序列、时间序列的前缀、时间序列带*路径对某一个时间区间内的数据进行删除。")],1),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("在JAVA编程环境中，您可以使用JDBC API单条或批量执行DELETE语句。")]),s._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"单传感器时间序列值删除"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#单传感器时间序列值删除"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 单传感器时间序列值删除")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("以测控ln集团为例，存在这样的使用场景：")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("wf02子站的wt02设备在2017-11-01 16:26:00之前的供电状态出现多段错误，且无法分析其正确数据，错误数据影响了与其他设备的关联分析。此时，需要将此时间段前的数据删除。进行此操作的SQL语句为：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time<=2017-11-01T16:26:00;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("如果我们仅仅想要删除2017年内的在2017-11-01 16:26:00之前的数据，可以使用以下SQL:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time>=2017-01-01T00:00:00 and time<=2017-11-01T16:26:00;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("IoTDB 支持删除一个时间序列任何一个时间范围内的所有时序点，用户可以使用以下SQL语句指定需要删除的时间范围：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time < 10\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time <= 10\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time < 20 and time > 10\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time <= 20 and time >= 10\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time > 20\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time >= 20\ndelete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time = 20\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("需要注意，当前的删除语句不支持where子句后的时间范围为多个由OR连接成的时间区间。如下删除语句将会解析出错：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time > 4 or time < 0\nMsg: 303: Check metadata error: For delete statement, where clause can only contain atomic\nexpressions like : time > XXX, time <= XXX, or two atomic expressions connected by 'AND'\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("如果delete语句中未指定where子句，则会删除时间序列中的所有数据。")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.status\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"多传感器时间序列值删除"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#多传感器时间序列值删除"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 多传感器时间序列值删除")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("当ln集团wf02子站的wt02设备在2017-11-01 16:26:00之前的供电状态和设备硬件版本都需要删除，此时可以使用含义更广的"),a("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/zh/UserGuide/Master/Data-Concept/Data-Model-and-Terminology.html"}},[s._v("前缀路径或带"),a("code",[s._v("*")]),s._v("路径")]),s._v("进行删除操作，进行此操作的SQL语句为：")],1),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02 where time <= 2017-11-01T16:26:00;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("或")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.* where time <= 2017-11-01T16:26:00;\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("需要注意的是，当删除的路径不存在时，IoTDB会提示路径不存在，无法删除数据，如下所示。")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("IoTDB> delete from root.ln.wf03.wt02.status where time < now()\nMsg: TimeSeries does not exist and its data cannot be deleted\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])]),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"删除时间分区-实验性功能"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#删除时间分区-实验性功能"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 删除时间分区 (实验性功能)")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("您可以通过如下语句来删除某一个存储组下的指定时间分区:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v("DELETE PARTITION root.ln 0,1,2\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("上例中的0,1,2为待删除时间分区的id，您可以通过查看IoTDB的数据文件夹找到它，或者可以通过计算"),a("code",[s._v("timestamp / partitionInterval")]),s._v("(向下取整),\n手动地将一个时间戳转换为对应的id，其中的"),a("code",[s._v("partitionInterval")]),s._v("可以在IoTDB的配置文件中找到（如果您使用的版本支持时间分区）。")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("请注意该功能目前只是实验性的，如果您不是开发者，使用时请务必谨慎。")])],1)}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=n.exports}}]);