src/zh/UserGuide/latest-Table/API/Programming-Python-Native-API_apache.md

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# Python 原生接口

## 1. 使用方式

安装依赖包:

```shell
pip3 install apache-iotdb>=2.0
```

## 2. 读写操作

### 2.1 TableSession

#### 2.1.1 功能描述

TableSession是IoTDB的一个核心类，用于与IoTDB数据库进行交互。通过这个类，用户可以执行SQL语句、插入数据以及管理数据库会话。

#### 2.1.2 方法列表

| **方法名称**                | **描述**                           | **参数类型**                       | **返回类型**   |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------- |
| insert                      | 写入数据                           | tablet: Union[Tablet, NumpyTablet] | None           |
| execute_non_query_statement | 执行非查询 SQL 语句，如 DDL 和 DML | sql: str                           | None           |
| execute_query_statement     | 执行查询 SQL 语句并返回结果集      | sql: str                           | SessionDataSet |
| close                       | 关闭会话并释放资源                 | None                               | None           |

#### 2.1.3 接口展示

**TableSession:**


```Python
class TableSession(object):
def insert(self, tablet: Union[Tablet, NumpyTablet]):
    """
    Insert data into the database.

    Parameters:
        tablet (Tablet | NumpyTablet): The tablet containing the data to be inserted.
                                       Accepts either a `Tablet` or `NumpyTablet`.

    Raises:
        IoTDBConnectionException: If there is an issue with the database connection.
    """
    pass

def execute_non_query_statement(self, sql: str):
    """
    Execute a non-query SQL statement.

    Parameters:
        sql (str): The SQL statement to execute. Typically used for commands
                   such as INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE.

    Raises:
        IoTDBConnectionException: If there is an issue with the database connection.
    """
    pass

def execute_query_statement(self, sql: str, timeout_in_ms: int = 0) -> "SessionDataSet":
    """
    Execute a query SQL statement and return the result set.

    Parameters:
        sql (str): The SQL query to execute.
        timeout_in_ms (int, optional): Timeout for the query in milliseconds. Defaults to 0,
                                       which means no timeout.

    Returns:
        SessionDataSet: The result set of the query.

    Raises:
        IoTDBConnectionException: If there is an issue with the database connection.
    """
    pass

def close(self):
    """
    Close the session and release resources.

    Raises:
        IoTDBConnectionException: If there is an issue closing the connection.
    """
    pass
```

### 2.2 TableSessionConfig

#### 2.2.1 功能描述

TableSessionConfig是一个配置类，用于设置和创建TableSession 实例。它定义了连接到IoTDB数据库所需的各种参数。

#### 2.2.2 配置选项

| **配置项**         | **描述**                  | **类型** | **默认值**              |
| ------------------ | ------------------------- | -------- | ----------------------- |
| node_urls          | 数据库连接的节点 URL 列表 | list     | ["localhost:6667"]      |
| username           | 数据库连接用户名          | str      | "root"                  |
| password           | 数据库连接密码            | str      | "root"                  |
| database           | 要连接的目标数据库        | str      | None                    |
| fetch_size         | 每次查询获取的行数        | int      | 5000                    |
| time_zone          | 会话的默认时区            | str      | Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID |
| enable_compression | 是否启用数据压缩          | bool     | False                   |

#### 2.2.3 接口展示

```Python
class TableSessionConfig(object):
    """
    Configuration class for a TableSession. 

    This class defines various parameters for connecting to and interacting 
    with the IoTDB tables.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        node_urls: list = None,
        username: str = Session.DEFAULT_USER,
        password: str = Session.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
        database: str = None,
        fetch_size: int = 5000,
        time_zone: str = Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID,
        enable_compression: bool = False,
    ):
        """
        Initialize a TableSessionConfig object with the provided parameters.

        Parameters:
            node_urls (list, optional): A list of node URLs for the database connection.
                                        Defaults to ["localhost:6667"].
            username (str, optional): The username for the database connection. 
                                      Defaults to "root".
            password (str, optional): The password for the database connection. 
                                      Defaults to "root".
            database (str, optional): The target database to connect to. Defaults to None.
            fetch_size (int, optional): The number of rows to fetch per query. Defaults to 5000.
            time_zone (str, optional): The default time zone for the session. 
                                       Defaults to Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID.
            enable_compression (bool, optional): Whether to enable data compression. 
                                                 Defaults to False.
        """
```

**注意事项:**

在使用完 TableSession 后，务必调用 close 方法来释放资源。

## 3. 客户端连接池

### 3.1 TableSessionPool

#### 3.1.1 功能描述

TableSessionPool 是一个会话池管理类，用于管理 TableSession 实例的创建和销毁。它提供了从池中获取会话和关闭会话池的功能。

#### 3.1.2 方法列表

| **方法名称** | **描述**                                 | **返回类型** | **异常** |
| ------------ | ---------------------------------------- | ------------ | -------- |
| get_session  | 从会话池中检索一个新的 TableSession 实例 | TableSession | 无       |
| close        | 关闭会话池并释放所有资源                 | None         | 无       |

#### 3.1.3 接口展示

**TableSessionPool:**

```Python
def get_session(self) -> TableSession:
    """
    Retrieve a new TableSession instance.

    Returns:
        TableSession: A new session object configured with the session pool.

    Notes:
        The session is initialized with the underlying session pool for managing
        connections. Ensure proper usage of the session's lifecycle.
    """

def close(self):
    """
    Close the session pool and release all resources.

    This method closes the underlying session pool, ensuring that all
    resources associated with it are properly released.

    Notes:
        After calling this method, the session pool cannot be used to retrieve
        new sessions, and any attempt to do so may raise an exception.
    """
```

### 3.2 TableSessionPoolConfig

#### 3.2.1 功能描述

TableSessionPoolConfig是一个配置类，用于设置和创建 TableSessionPool 实例。它定义了初始化和管理 IoTDB 数据库会话池所需的参数。

#### 3.2.2 配置选项

| **配置项**         | **描述**                       | **类型** | **默认值**               |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------ | -------- | ------------------------ |
| node_urls          | 数据库连接的节点 URL 列表      | list     | None                     |
| max_pool_size      | 会话池中的最大会话数           | int      | 5                        |
| username           | 数据库连接用户名               | str      | Session.DEFAULT_USER     |
| password           | 数据库连接密码                 | str      | Session.DEFAULT_PASSWORD |
| database           | 要连接的目标数据库             | str      | None                     |
| fetch_size         | 每次查询获取的行数             | int      | 5000                     |
| time_zone          | 会话池的默认时区               | str      | Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID  |
| enable_redirection | 是否启用重定向                 | bool     | False                    |
| enable_compression | 是否启用数据压缩               | bool     | False                    |
| wait_timeout_in_ms | 等待会话可用的最大时间（毫秒） | int      | 10000                    |
| max_retry          | 操作的最大重试次数             | int      | 3                        |

#### 3.2.3 接口展示


```Python
class TableSessionPoolConfig(object):
    """
    Configuration class for a TableSessionPool.

    This class defines the parameters required to initialize and manage
    a session pool for interacting with the IoTDB database.
    """
    def __init__(
        self,
        node_urls: list = None,
        max_pool_size: int = 5,
        username: str = Session.DEFAULT_USER,
        password: str = Session.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
        database: str = None,
        fetch_size: int = 5000,
        time_zone: str = Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID,
        enable_redirection: bool = False,
        enable_compression: bool = False,
        wait_timeout_in_ms: int = 10000,
        max_retry: int = 3,
    ):
    """
    Initialize a TableSessionPoolConfig object with the provided parameters.
    
    Parameters:
        node_urls (list, optional): A list of node URLs for the database connection.
                                    Defaults to None.
        max_pool_size (int, optional): The maximum number of sessions in the pool.
                                       Defaults to 5.
        username (str, optional): The username for the database connection.
                                  Defaults to Session.DEFAULT_USER.
        password (str, optional): The password for the database connection.
                                  Defaults to Session.DEFAULT_PASSWORD.
        database (str, optional): The target database to connect to. Defaults to None.
        fetch_size (int, optional): The number of rows to fetch per query. Defaults to 5000.
        time_zone (str, optional): The default time zone for the session pool.
                                   Defaults to Session.DEFAULT_ZONE_ID.
        enable_redirection (bool, optional): Whether to enable redirection.
                                             Defaults to False.
        enable_compression (bool, optional): Whether to enable data compression.
                                             Defaults to False.
        wait_timeout_in_ms (int, optional): The maximum time (in milliseconds) to wait for a session
                                            to become available. Defaults to 10000.
        max_retry (int, optional): The maximum number of retry attempts for operations. Defaults to 3.
    
    """
```
### 3.3 SSL 连接

#### 3.3.1 服务器端配置证书

`conf/iotdb-system.properties` 配置文件中查找或添加以下配置项：

```
enable_thrift_ssl=true
key_store_path=/path/to/your/server_keystore.jks
key_store_pwd=your_keystore_password
```

#### 3.3.2 配置 python 客户端证书

- 设置 use_ssl 为 True 以启用 SSL。
- 指定客户端证书路径，使用 ca_certs 参数。

```
use_ssl = True
ca_certs = "/path/to/your/server.crt"  # 或 ca_certs = "/path/to/your//ca_cert.pem"
```
**示例代码：使用 SSL 连接 IoTDB**

```Python
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#

from iotdb.SessionPool import PoolConfig, SessionPool
from iotdb.Session import Session

ip = "127.0.0.1"
port_ = "6667"
username_ = "root"
password_ = "root"
# Configure SSL enabled
use_ssl = True
# Configure certificate path
ca_certs = "/path/server.crt"


def get_data():
    session = Session(
        ip, port_, username_, password_, use_ssl=use_ssl, ca_certs=ca_certs
    )
    session.open(False)
    result = session.execute_query_statement("select * from root.eg.etth")
    df = result.todf()
    df.rename(columns={"Time": "date"}, inplace=True)
    session.close()
    return df


def get_data2():
    pool_config = PoolConfig(
        host=ip,
        port=port_,
        user_name=username_,
        password=password_,
        fetch_size=1024,
        time_zone="UTC+8",
        max_retry=3,
        use_ssl=use_ssl,
        ca_certs=ca_certs,
    )
    max_pool_size = 5
    wait_timeout_in_ms = 3000
    session_pool = SessionPool(pool_config, max_pool_size, wait_timeout_in_ms)
    session = session_pool.get_session()
    result = session.execute_query_statement("select * from root.eg.etth")
    df = result.todf()
    df.rename(columns={"Time": "date"}, inplace=True)
    session_pool.put_back(session)
    session_pool.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    df = get_data()
```

## 4. 示例代码

Session示例代码:[Session Example](https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/rc/2.0.1/iotdb-client/client-py/table_model_session_example.py)

SessionPool示例代码:[SessionPool Example](https://github.com/apache/iotdb/blob/rc/2.0.1/iotdb-client/client-py/table_model_session_pool_example.py)

```Python
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
import threading

import numpy as np

from iotdb.table_session_pool import TableSessionPool, TableSessionPoolConfig
from iotdb.utils.IoTDBConstants import TSDataType
from iotdb.utils.NumpyTablet import NumpyTablet
from iotdb.utils.Tablet import ColumnType, Tablet


def prepare_data():
    print("create database")
    # Get a session from the pool
    session = session_pool.get_session()
    session.execute_non_query_statement("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db1")
    session.execute_non_query_statement('USE "db1"')
    session.execute_non_query_statement(
        "CREATE TABLE table0 (id1 string tag, attr1 string attribute, "
        + "m1 double "
        + "field)"
    )
    session.execute_non_query_statement(
        "CREATE TABLE table1 (id1 string tag, attr1 string attribute, "
        + "m1 double "
        + "field)"
    )

    print("now the tables are:")
    # show result
    res = session.execute_query_statement("SHOW TABLES")
    while res.has_next():
        print(res.next())

    session.close()


def insert_data(num: int):
    print("insert data for table" + str(num))
    # Get a session from the pool
    session = session_pool.get_session()
    column_names = [
        "id1",
        "attr1",
        "m1",
    ]
    data_types = [
        TSDataType.STRING,
        TSDataType.STRING,
        TSDataType.DOUBLE,
    ]
    column_types = [ColumnType.TAG, ColumnType.ATTRIBUTE, ColumnType.FIELD]
    timestamps = []
    values = []
    for row in range(15):
        timestamps.append(row)
        values.append(["id:" + str(row), "attr:" + str(row), row * 1.0])
    tablet = Tablet(
        "table" + str(num), column_names, data_types, values, timestamps, column_types
    )
    session.insert(tablet)
    session.execute_non_query_statement("FLush")

    np_timestamps = np.arange(15, 30, dtype=np.dtype(">i8"))
    np_values = [
        np.array(["id:{}".format(i) for i in range(15, 30)]),
        np.array(["attr:{}".format(i) for i in range(15, 30)]),
        np.linspace(15.0, 29.0, num=15, dtype=TSDataType.DOUBLE.np_dtype()),
    ]

    np_tablet = NumpyTablet(
        "table" + str(num),
        column_names,
        data_types,
        np_values,
        np_timestamps,
        column_types=column_types,
    )
    session.insert(np_tablet)
    session.close()


def query_data():
    # Get a session from the pool
    session = session_pool.get_session()

    print("get data from table0")
    res = session.execute_query_statement("select * from table0")
    while res.has_next():
        print(res.next())

    print("get data from table1")
    res = session.execute_query_statement("select * from table0")
    while res.has_next():
        print(res.next())

    session.close()


def delete_data():
    session = session_pool.get_session()
    session.execute_non_query_statement("drop database db1")
    print("data has been deleted. now the databases are:")
    res = session.execute_query_statement("show databases")
    while res.has_next():
        print(res.next())
    session.close()


# Create a session pool
username = "root"
password = "root"
node_urls = ["127.0.0.1:6667", "127.0.0.1:6668", "127.0.0.1:6669"]
fetch_size = 1024
database = "db1"
max_pool_size = 5
wait_timeout_in_ms = 3000
config = TableSessionPoolConfig(
    node_urls=node_urls,
    username=username,
    password=password,
    database=database,
    max_pool_size=max_pool_size,
    fetch_size=fetch_size,
    wait_timeout_in_ms=wait_timeout_in_ms,
)
session_pool = TableSessionPool(config)

prepare_data()

insert_thread1 = threading.Thread(target=insert_data, args=(0,))
insert_thread2 = threading.Thread(target=insert_data, args=(1,))

insert_thread1.start()
insert_thread2.start()

insert_thread1.join()
insert_thread2.join()

query_data()
delete_data()
session_pool.close()
print("example is finished!")
```