src/zh/UserGuide/latest-Table/SQL-Manual/SQL-Metadata-Operations_timecho.md

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# 元数据操作

## 1. 数据库管理

### 1.1 创建数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
CREATE DATABASE (IF NOT EXISTS)? <DATABASE_NAME> (WITH properties)?
```

更多详细语法说明请参考：[创建数据库](../Basic-Concept/Database-Management_timecho.md#_1-1-创建数据库)

**示例：**

创建一个名为 database1 的数据库, 数据库的 TTL 时间默认永久。
```SQL
CREATE DATABASE database1;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS database1;
```

创建一个名为 database1 的数据库，并将数据库的 TTL 时间设置为1年。
```SQL
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS database1 with(TTL=31536000000);
```

### 1.2 使用数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
USE <DATABASE_NAME>
```

**示例:**

```SQL
USE database1;
```

### 1.3 查看当前数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
SHOW CURRENT_DATABASE;
```

**示例：**

未执行过 `use`语句指定数据库
```SQL
SHOW CURRENT_DATABASE;
```
```shell
+---------------+
|CurrentDatabase|
+---------------+
|           null|
+---------------+
```
执行 `use`语句指定数据库 database1
```sql
USE database1;
SHOW CURRENT_DATABASE;
```
```shell
+---------------+
|CurrentDatabase|
+---------------+
|      database1|
+---------------+
```

### 1.4 查看所有数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
SHOW DATABASES (DETAILS)?
```

更多返回结果详细说明请参考：[查看所有数据库](../Basic-Concept/Database-Management_timecho.md#_1-4-查看所有数据库)

**示例:**

查看所有数据库
```SQL
SHOW DATABASES;
```
```shell
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|          Database|TTL(ms)|SchemaReplicationFactor|DataReplicationFactor|TimePartitionInterval|
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|         database1|    INF|                      1|                    1|            604800000|
|information_schema|    INF|                   null|                 null|                 null|
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
```

查看所有数据库详情
```sql
SHOW DATABASES DETAILS;
```
```shell
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+
|          Database|TTL(ms)|SchemaReplicationFactor|DataReplicationFactor|TimePartitionInterval|SchemaRegionGroupNum|DataRegionGroupNum|
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+
|         database1|    INF|                      1|                    1|            604800000|                   1|                 2|
|information_schema|    INF|                   null|                 null|                 null|                null|              null|
+------------------+-------+-----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+
```

### 1.5 修改数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
ALTER DATABASE (IF EXISTS)? database=identifier SET PROPERTIES propertyAssignments;
```

**示例:**

修改数据库 database1 的 TTL 时间为1年
```SQL
ALTER DATABASE database1 SET PROPERTIES TTL=31536000000;
```

### 1.6 删除数据库

**语法：**

```SQL
DROP DATABASE (IF EXISTS)? <DATABASE_NAME>;
```

**示例:**

删除数据库 database1
```SQL
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS database1;
```

## 2. 表管理

### 2.1 创建表

**语法：**

```SQL
createTableStatement
    : CREATE TABLE (IF NOT EXISTS)? qualifiedName
        '(' (columnDefinition (',' columnDefinition)*)? ')'
        charsetDesc?
        comment?
        (WITH properties)?
     ;

charsetDesc
    : DEFAULT? (CHAR SET | CHARSET | CHARACTER SET) EQ? identifierOrString
    ;

columnDefinition
    : identifier columnCategory=(TAG | ATTRIBUTE | TIME) charsetName? comment?
    | identifier type (columnCategory=(TAG | ATTRIBUTE | TIME | FIELD))? charsetName? comment?
    ;

charsetName
    : CHAR SET identifier
    | CHARSET identifier
    | CHARACTER SET identifier
    ;

comment
    : COMMENT string
    ;
```

更多详细语法说明请参考：[创建表](../Basic-Concept/Table-Management_timecho.md#_1-1-创建表)

**示例:**

创建表 table1 并将表的 TTL 设置为1年
```SQL
CREATE TABLE table1 (
  time TIMESTAMP TIME,
  region STRING TAG,
  plant_id STRING TAG,
  device_id STRING TAG,
  model_id STRING ATTRIBUTE,
  maintenance STRING ATTRIBUTE COMMENT 'maintenance',
  temperature FLOAT FIELD COMMENT 'temperature',
  humidity FLOAT FIELD COMMENT 'humidity',
  status Boolean FIELD COMMENT 'status',
  arrival_time TIMESTAMP FIELD COMMENT 'arrival_time'
) COMMENT 'table1' WITH (TTL=31536000000);
```

创建空表 tableB
```SQL
CREATE TABLE if not exists tableB ();
```

创建表 tableC
```SQL
CREATE TABLE tableC (
  station STRING TAG,
  temperature int32 FIELD COMMENT 'temperature'
 ) with (TTL=DEFAULT);
```

创建表 table1 并自定义时间列:命名为time_test, 位于表的第二列 (V2.0.8 起支持）
```SQL
CREATE TABLE table1 (
 region STRING TAG, 
 time_user_defined TIMESTAMP TIME, 
 temperature FLOAT FIELD
);
```

注意：若您使用的终端不支持多行粘贴（例如 Windows CMD），请将 SQL 语句调整为单行格式后再执行。

### 2.2 查看表

**语法：**

```SQL
SHOW TABLES (DETAILS)? ((FROM | IN) database_name)?
```

**示例:**

查看数据库 database1 下的所有表
```SQL
show tables from database1;
```
```shell 
+---------+---------------+
|TableName|        TTL(ms)|
+---------+---------------+
|   table1|    31536000000|
+---------+---------------+
```

查看数据库 database1 下的所有表及其属性信息
```sql
show tables details from database1;
```
```shell
+---------------+-----------+------+-------+
|      TableName|    TTL(ms)|Status|Comment|
+---------------+-----------+------+-------+
|         table1|31536000000| USING| table1|
+---------------+-----------+------+-------+
```

### 2.3 查看表的列

**语法：**

```SQL
(DESC | DESCRIBE) <TABLE_NAME> (DETAILS)?
```

**示例:**

查看表 table1 的列信息
```SQL
desc table1;
```
```shell
+------------+---------+---------+
|  ColumnName| DataType| Category|
+------------+---------+---------+
|        time|TIMESTAMP|     TIME|
|      region|   STRING|      TAG|
|    plant_id|   STRING|      TAG|
|   device_id|   STRING|      TAG|
|    model_id|   STRING|ATTRIBUTE|
| maintenance|   STRING|ATTRIBUTE|
| temperature|    FLOAT|    FIELD|
|    humidity|    FLOAT|    FIELD|
|      status|  BOOLEAN|    FIELD|
|arrival_time|TIMESTAMP|    FIELD|
+------------+---------+---------+
```
查看表 table1 的列详细信息
```sql
desc table1 details;
```
```shell
+------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
|  ColumnName| DataType| Category|Status|     Comment|
+------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
|        time|TIMESTAMP|     TIME| USING|        null|
|      region|   STRING|      TAG| USING|        null|
|    plant_id|   STRING|      TAG| USING|        null|
|   device_id|   STRING|      TAG| USING|        null|
|    model_id|   STRING|ATTRIBUTE| USING|        null|
| maintenance|   STRING|ATTRIBUTE| USING| maintenance|
| temperature|    FLOAT|    FIELD| USING| temperature|
|    humidity|    FLOAT|    FIELD| USING|    humidity|
|      status|  BOOLEAN|    FIELD| USING|      status|
|arrival_time|TIMESTAMP|    FIELD| USING|arrival_time|
+------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
```

### 2.4 查看表的创建信息

**语法：**

```SQL
SHOW CREATE TABLE <TABLE_NAME>
```

**示例:**

查看表 table1 的创建信息
```SQL
show create table table1;
```
```shell
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Create Table|
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|table1|CREATE TABLE "table1" ("region" STRING TAG,"plant_id" STRING TAG,"device_id" STRING TAG,"model_id" STRING ATTRIBUTE,"maintenance" STRING ATTRIBUTE,"temperature" FLOAT FIELD,"humidity" FLOAT FIELD,"status" BOOLEAN FIELD,"arrival_time" TIMESTAMP FIELD) WITH (ttl=31536000000)|
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
```


### 2.5 修改表

**语法：**

```SQL
#addColumn;
ALTER TABLE (IF EXISTS)? tableName=qualifiedName ADD COLUMN (IF NOT EXISTS)? column=columnDefinition COMMENT 'column_comment'; 
#dropColumn;              
| ALTER TABLE (IF EXISTS)? tableName=qualifiedName DROP COLUMN (IF EXISTS)? column=identifier;
#setTableProperties;                   
// set TTL can use this;
| ALTER TABLE (IF EXISTS)? tableName=qualifiedName SET PROPERTIES propertyAssignments;                
| COMMENT ON TABLE tableName=qualifiedName IS 'table_comment';
| COMMENT ON COLUMN tableName.column IS 'column_comment';
#changeColumndatatype;
| ALTER TABLE (IF EXISTS)? tableName=qualifiedName ALTER COLUMN (IF EXISTS)? column=identifier SET DATA TYPE new_type=type;
```

**示例:**

表 table1 增加 tag 列 a
```SQL
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS a TAG COMMENT 'a';
```
表 table1 增加 field 列 b
```SQL
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS b FLOAT FIELD COMMENT 'b';
```
修改表 table1 的 TTL
```SQL
ALTER TABLE table1 set properties TTL=3600; 
```
表 table1 增加注释
```SQL
COMMENT ON TABLE table1 IS 'table1';
```
表 table1 的 a 列去掉注释
```SQL
COMMENT ON COLUMN table1.a IS null;
```
修改表 table1 的 b 列的数据类型
```SQL
ALTER TABLE table1 ALTER COLUMN IF EXISTS b SET DATA TYPE DOUBLE;
```

### 2.6 删除表

**语法：**

```SQL
DROP TABLE (IF EXISTS)? <TABLE_NAME>
```

**示例:**

```SQL
DROP TABLE table1;
DROP TABLE database1.table1;
```