SQL Manual

1. DATABASE MANAGEMENT

For more details, see document Operate-Metadata.

1.1 Create Database

create database root.ln;
create database root.sgcc;

1.2 Show Databases

SHOW DATABASES;
SHOW DATABASES root.**;

1.3 Delete Database

DELETE DATABASE root.ln;
DELETE DATABASE root.sgcc;
// delete all data, all timeseries and all databases;
DELETE DATABASE root.**;

1.4 Count Databases

count databases;
count databases root.*;
count databases root.sgcc.*;
count databases root.sgcc;

1.5 Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced operations)

Set heterogeneous parameters when creating a Database

CREATE DATABASE root.db WITH SCHEMA_REPLICATION_FACTOR=1, DATA_REPLICATION_FACTOR=3, SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=1, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=2;

Adjust heterogeneous parameters at run time

ALTER DATABASE root.db WITH SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=1, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM=2;

Show heterogeneous databases

SHOW DATABASES DETAILS;

1.6 TTL

Set TTL

set ttl to root.ln 3600000;
set ttl to root.sgcc.** 3600000;
set ttl to root.** 3600000;

Unset TTL

unset ttl from root.ln;
unset ttl from root.sgcc.**;
unset ttl from root.**;

Show TTL

SHOW ALL TTL;
SHOW TTL ON StorageGroupNames;
SHOW DEVICES;

2. DEVICE TEMPLATE

For more details, see document Operate-Metadata.

2.1 Create Device Template

Example 1: Create a template containing two non-aligned timeseires

create device template t1 (temperature FLOAT, status BOOLEAN);

Example 2: Create a template containing a group of aligned timeseires

create device template t2 aligned (lat FLOAT, lon FLOAT);

The lat and lon measurements are aligned.

2.2 Set Device Template

set device template t1 to root.sg1.d1;

2.3 Activate Device Template

set device template t1 to root.sg1.d1;
set device template t2 to root.sg1.d2;
create timeseries using device template on root.sg1.d1;
create timeseries using device template on root.sg1.d2;

2.4 Show Device Template

show device templates;
show nodes in device template t1;
show paths set device template t1;
show paths using device template t1;

2.5 Deactivate Device Template

delete timeseries of device template t1 from root.sg1.d1;
deactivate device template t1 from root.sg1.d1;
delete timeseries of device template t1 from root.sg1.*, root.sg2.*;
deactivate device template t1 from root.sg1.*, root.sg2.*;

2.6 Unset Device Template

unset device template t1 from root.sg1.d1;

2.7 Drop Device Template

drop device template t1;

2.8 Alter Device Template

alter device template t1 add (speed FLOAT);

3. TIMESERIES MANAGEMENT

For more details, see document Operate-Metadata.

3.1 Create Timeseries

create timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature with datatype=FLOAT;
create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware with datatype=TEXT;
create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature with datatype=FLOAT;

From v0.13, you can use a simplified version of the SQL statements to create timeseries:

create timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature with datatype=FLOAT;
create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware with datatype=TEXT;
create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.status with datatype=BOOLEAN;
create timeseries root.sgcc.wf03.wt01.temperature with datatype=FLOAT;

Notice that when in the CREATE TIMESERIES statement the encoding method conflicts with the data type, the system gives the corresponding error prompt as shown below:

create timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.status WITH DATATYPE=BOOLEAN;
error: encoding TS_2DIFF does not support BOOLEAN;

3.2 Create Aligned Timeseries

CREATE ALIGNED TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.GPS(latitude FLOAT , longitude FLOAT);

3.3 Delete Timeseries

delete timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.status;
delete timeseries root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature, root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware;
delete timeseries root.ln.wf02.*;
drop timeseries root.ln.wf02.*;

3.4 Show Timeseries

show timeseries root.**;
show timeseries root.ln.**;
show timeseries root.ln.** limit 10 offset 10;
show timeseries root.ln.** where timeseries contains 'wf01.wt';
show timeseries root.ln.** where dataType=FLOAT;

3.5 Count Timeseries

COUNT TIMESERIES root.**;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.ln.**;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.ln.*.*.status;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.wt01.status;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** WHERE TIMESERIES contains 'sgcc' ;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** WHERE DATATYPE = INT64;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** WHERE TAGS(unit) contains 'c' ;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** WHERE TAGS(unit) = 'c' ;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** WHERE TIMESERIES contains 'sgcc' group by level = 1;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.** GROUP BY LEVEL=1;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.ln.** GROUP BY LEVEL=2;
COUNT TIMESERIES root.ln.wf01.* GROUP BY LEVEL=2;

3.6 Tag and Attribute Management

create timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1(temprature) with datatype=FLOAT tags(tag1=v1, tag2=v2) attributes(attr1=v1, attr2=v2);

Rename the tag/attribute key

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 RENAME tag1 TO newTag1;

Reset the tag/attribute value

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 SET newTag1=newV1, attr1=newV1;

Delete the existing tag/attribute

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 DROP tag1, tag2;

Add new tags

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 ADD TAGS tag3=v3, tag4=v4;

Add new attributes

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 ADD ATTRIBUTES attr3=v3, attr4=v4;

Upsert alias, tags and attributes

add alias or a new key-value if the alias or key doesn't exist, otherwise, update the old one with new value.

ALTER timeseries root.turbine.d1.s1 UPSERT ALIAS=newAlias TAGS(tag3=v3, tag4=v4) ATTRIBUTES(attr3=v3, attr4=v4);

Show timeseries using tags. Use TAGS(tagKey) to identify the tags used as filter key

SHOW TIMESERIES (<`PathPattern`>)? timeseriesWhereClause;

returns all the timeseries information that satisfy the where condition and match the pathPattern. SQL statements are as follows:

ALTER timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware ADD TAGS unit=c;
ALTER timeseries root.ln.wf02.wt02.status ADD TAGS description=test1;
show timeseries root.ln.** where TAGS(unit)='c';
show timeseries root.ln.** where TAGS(description) contains 'test1';

count timeseries using tags

COUNT TIMESERIES (<`PathPattern`>)? timeseriesWhereClause;
COUNT TIMESERIES (<`PathPattern`>)? timeseriesWhereClause GROUP BY LEVEL=<INTEGER>;

returns all the number of timeseries that satisfy the where condition and match the pathPattern. SQL statements are as follows:

count timeseries;
count timeseries root.** where TAGS(unit)='c';
count timeseries root.** where TAGS(unit)='c' group by level = 2;

create aligned timeseries

create aligned timeseries root.sg1.d1(s1 INT32 tags(tag1=v1, tag2=v2) attributes(attr1=v1, attr2=v2), s2 DOUBLE tags(tag3=v3, tag4=v4) attributes(attr3=v3, attr4=v4));

The execution result is as follows:

show timeseries;

+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+
|    timeseries|alias|     database|dataType|encoding|compression|                     tags|                 attributes|deadband|deadband parameters|
+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+
|root.sg1.d1.s1| null|     root.sg1|   INT32|     RLE|     SNAPPY|{"tag1":"v1","tag2":"v2"}|{"attr2":"v2","attr1":"v1"}|    null|               null|
|root.sg1.d1.s2| null|     root.sg1|  DOUBLE| GORILLA|     SNAPPY|{"tag4":"v4","tag3":"v3"}|{"attr4":"v4","attr3":"v3"}|    null|               null|
+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+

Support query：

show timeseries where TAGS(tag1)='v1';

+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+
|    timeseries|alias|     database|dataType|encoding|compression|                     tags|                 attributes|deadband|deadband parameters|
+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+
|root.sg1.d1.s1| null|     root.sg1|   INT32|     RLE|     SNAPPY|{"tag1":"v1","tag2":"v2"}|{"attr2":"v2","attr1":"v1"}|    null|               null|
+--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+

The above operations are supported for timeseries tag, attribute updates, etc.

4. NODE MANAGEMENT

For more details, see document Operate-Metadata.

4.1 Show Child Paths

SHOW CHILD PATHS pathPattern;

4.2 Show Child Nodes

SHOW CHILD NODES pathPattern;

4.3 Count Nodes

COUNT NODES root.** LEVEL=2;
COUNT NODES root.ln.** LEVEL=2;
COUNT NODES root.ln.wf01.** LEVEL=3;
COUNT NODES root.**.temperature LEVEL=3;

4.4 Show Devices

show devices;
show devices root.ln.**;
show devices root.ln.** where device contains 't';
show devices with database;
show devices root.ln.** with database;

4.5 Count Devices

show devices;
count devices;
count devices root.ln.**;

5. INSERT & LOAD DATA

5.1 Insert Data

For more details, see document Write-Data.

Use of INSERT Statements

Insert Single Timeseries

insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp,status) values(1,true);
insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp,hardware) values(1, 'v1');

Insert Multiple Timeseries

insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp, status, hardware) VALUES (2, false, 'v2');
insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(timestamp, status, hardware) VALUES (3, false, 'v3'),(4, true, 'v4');

Use the Current System Timestamp as the Timestamp of the Data Point

insert into root.ln.wf02.wt02(status, hardware) values (false, 'v2');

Insert Data Into Aligned Timeseries

create aligned timeseries root.sg1.d1(s1 INT32, s2 DOUBLE);
insert into root.sg1.d1(time, s1, s2) aligned values(1, 1, 1);
insert into root.sg1.d1(time, s1, s2) aligned values(2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3);
select * from root.sg1.d1;

5.2 Load External TsFile Tool

For more details, see document Data Import.

Load with SQL

Load a single tsfile by specifying a file path (absolute path).

load '/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile'
load '/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile' sglevel=1
load '/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile' onSuccess=delete
load '/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile' sglevel=1 onSuccess=delete

Load a batch of files by specifying a folder path (absolute path).

load '/Users/Desktop/data'
load '/Users/Desktop/data' sglevel=1
load '/Users/Desktop/data' onSuccess=delete
load '/Users/Desktop/data' sglevel=1 onSuccess=delete

Load with Script

./load-rewrite.bat -f D:\IoTDB\data -h 192.168.0.101 -p 6667 -u root -pw root

6. DELETE DATA

For more details, see document Write-Delete-Data.

6.1 Delete Single Timeseries

delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time<=2017-11-01T16:26:00;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time>=2017-01-01T00:00:00 and time<=2017-11-01T16:26:00;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time < 10;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time <= 10;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time < 20 and time > 10;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time <= 20 and time >= 10;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time > 20;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time >= 20;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time = 20;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status where time > 4 or time < 0;
Msg: 303: Check metadata error: For delete statement, where clause can only contain atomic;
expressions like : time > XXX, time <= XXX, or two atomic expressions connected by 'AND';
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.status;

6.2 Delete Multiple Timeseries

delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02 where time <= 2017-11-01T16:26:00;
delete from root.ln.wf02.wt02.* where time <= 2017-11-01T16:26:00;
delete from root.ln.wf03.wt02.status where time < now();
Msg: The statement is executed successfully.

6.3 Delete Time Partition (experimental)

DELETE PARTITION root.ln 0,1,2;

7. QUERY DATA

For more details, see document Query-Data.

SELECT [LAST] selectExpr [, selectExpr] ...
    [INTO intoItem [, intoItem] ...]
    FROM prefixPath [, prefixPath] ...
    [WHERE whereCondition]
    [GROUP BY {
        ([startTime, endTime), interval [, slidingStep]) |
        LEVEL = levelNum [, levelNum] ... |
        TAGS(tagKey [, tagKey] ... ) |
        VARIATION(expression[,delta][,ignoreNull=true/false]) |
        CONDITION(expression,[keep>/>=/=/</<=]threshold[,ignoreNull=true/false]) |
        SESSION(timeInterval) |
        COUNT(expression, size[,ignoreNull=true/false])
    }]
    [HAVING havingCondition]
    [ORDER BY sortKey {ASC | DESC}]
    [FILL ({PREVIOUS | LINEAR | constant} (, interval=DURATION_LITERAL)?)]
    [SLIMIT seriesLimit] [SOFFSET seriesOffset]
    [LIMIT rowLimit] [OFFSET rowOffset]
    [ALIGN BY {TIME | DEVICE}]

7.1 Basic Examples

Select a Column of Data Based on a Time Interval

select temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time < 2017-11-01T00:08:00.000;

Select Multiple Columns of Data Based on a Time Interval

select status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000;

Select Multiple Columns of Data for the Same Device According to Multiple Time Intervals

select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where (time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000) or (time >= 2017-11-01T16:35:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000);

Choose Multiple Columns of Data for Different Devices According to Multiple Time Intervals

select wf01.wt01.status,wf02.wt02.hardware from root.ln where (time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000) or (time >= 2017-11-01T16:35:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000);

Order By Time Query

select * from root.ln.** where time > 1 order by time desc limit 10;

7.2 `SELECT` CLAUSE

Use Alias

select s1 as temperature, s2 as speed from root.ln.wf01.wt01;

Nested Expressions

Nested Expressions with Time Series Query

select a,
       b,
       ((a + 1) * 2 - 1) % 2 + 1.5,
       sin(a + sin(a + sin(b))),
       -(a + b) * (sin(a + b) * sin(a + b) + cos(a + b) * cos(a + b)) + 1
from root.sg1;

select (a + b) * 2 + sin(a) from root.sg;

select (a + *) / 2  from root.sg1;

select (a + b) * 3 from root.sg, root.ln;

Nested Expressions query with aggregations

select avg(temperature),
       sin(avg(temperature)),
       avg(temperature) + 1,
       -sum(hardware),
       avg(temperature) + sum(hardware)
from root.ln.wf01.wt01;

select avg(*), 
	   (avg(*) + 1) * 3 / 2 -1 
from root.sg1;

select avg(temperature),
       sin(avg(temperature)),
       avg(temperature) + 1,
       -sum(hardware),
       avg(temperature) + sum(hardware) as custom_sum
from root.ln.wf01.wt01
GROUP BY([10, 90), 10ms);

Last Query

select last status from root.ln.wf01.wt01;
select last status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-07T23:50:00;
select last * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 order by timeseries desc;
select last * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 order by dataType desc;

7.3 `WHERE` CLAUSE

Time Filter

select s1 from root.sg1.d1 where time > 2022-01-01T00:05:00.000;
select s1 from root.sg1.d1 where time = 2022-01-01T00:05:00.000;
select s1 from root.sg1.d1 where time >= 2022-01-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000;

Value Filter

select temperature from root.sg1.d1 where temperature > 36.5;
select status from root.sg1.d1 where status = true;
select temperature from root.sg1.d1 where temperature between 36.5 and 40;
select temperature from root.sg1.d1 where temperature not between 36.5 and 40;
select code from root.sg1.d1 where code in ('200', '300', '400', '500');
select code from root.sg1.d1 where code not in ('200', '300', '400', '500');
select code from root.sg1.d1 where temperature is null;
select code from root.sg1.d1 where temperature is not null;

Fuzzy Query

Fuzzy matching using Like

select * from root.sg.d1 where value like '%cc%';
select * from root.sg.device where value like '_b_';

Fuzzy matching using Regexp

select * from root.sg.d1 where value regexp '^[A-Za-z]+$';
select * from root.sg.d1 where value regexp '^[a-z]+$' and time > 100;

7.4 `GROUP BY` CLAUSE

Aggregate By Time without Specifying the Sliding Step Length

select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d);

Aggregate By Time Specifying the Sliding Step Length

select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01 00:00:00, 2017-11-07 23:00:00), 3h, 1d);

Aggregate by Natural Month

select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00), 1mo, 2mo);
select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by([2017-10-31T00:00:00, 2019-11-07T23:00:00), 1mo, 2mo);

Left Open And Right Close Range

select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00],1d);

Aggregation By Variation

select __endTime, avg(s1), count(s2), sum(s3) from root.sg.d group by variation(s6);
select __endTime, avg(s1), count(s2), sum(s3) from root.sg.d group by variation(s6, ignoreNull=false);
select __endTime, avg(s1), count(s2), sum(s3) from root.sg.d group by variation(s6, 4);
select __endTime, avg(s1), count(s2), sum(s3) from root.sg.d group by variation(s6+s5, 10);

Aggregation By Condition

select max_time(charging_status),count(vehicle_status),last_value(soc) from root.** group by condition(charging_status=1,KEEP>=2,ignoringNull=true);
select max_time(charging_status),count(vehicle_status),last_value(soc) from root.** group by condition(charging_status=1,KEEP>=2,ignoringNull=false);

Aggregation By Session

select __endTime,count(*) from root.** group by session(1d);
select __endTime,sum(hardware) from root.ln.wf02.wt01 group by session(50s) having sum(hardware)>0 align by device;

Aggregation By Count

select count(charging_stauts), first_value(soc) from root.sg group by count(charging_status,5);
select count(charging_stauts), first_value(soc) from root.sg group by count(charging_status,5,ignoreNull=false);

Aggregation By Level

select count(status) from root.** group by level = 1;
select count(status) from root.** group by level = 3;
select count(status) from root.** group by level = 1, 3;
select max_value(temperature) from root.** group by level = 0;
select count(*) from root.ln.** group by level = 2;

Aggregate By Time with Level Clause

select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00],1d), level=1;
select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01 00:00:00, 2017-11-07 23:00:00), 3h, 1d), level=1;

Aggregation query by one single tag

SELECT AVG(temperature) FROM root.factory1.** GROUP BY TAGS(city);

Aggregation query by multiple tags

SELECT avg(temperature) FROM root.factory1.** GROUP BY TAGS(city, workshop);

Downsampling Aggregation by tags based on Time Window

SELECT avg(temperature) FROM root.factory1.** GROUP BY ([1000, 10000), 5s), TAGS(city, workshop);

7.5 `HAVING` CLAUSE

Correct:

select count(s1) from root.** group by ([1,11),2ms), level=1 having count(s2) > 1;
select count(s1), count(s2) from root.** group by ([1,11),2ms) having count(s2) > 1 align by device;

Incorrect:

select count(s1) from root.** group by ([1,3),1ms) having sum(s1) > s1;
select count(s1) from root.** group by ([1,3),1ms) having s1 > 1;
select count(s1) from root.** group by ([1,3),1ms), level=1 having sum(d1.s1) > 1;
select count(d1.s1) from root.** group by ([1,3),1ms), level=1 having sum(s1) > 1;

7.6 `FILL` CLAUSE

`PREVIOUS` Fill

select temperature, status from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:40:00.000 fill(previous);

`PREVIOUS` FILL and specify the fill timeout threshold

select temperature, status from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:40:00.000 fill(previous, 2m);

`LINEAR` Fill

select temperature, status from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:40:00.000 fill(linear);

Constant Fill

select temperature, status from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:40:00.000 fill(2.0);
select temperature, status from root.sgcc.wf03.wt01 where time >= 2017-11-01T16:37:00.000 and time <= 2017-11-01T16:40:00.000 fill(true);

7.7 `LIMIT` and `SLIMIT` CLAUSES (PAGINATION)

Row Control over Query Results

select status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 10;
select status, temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 5 offset 3;
select status,temperature from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time< 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 limit 2 offset 3;
select count(status), max_value(temperature) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d) limit 5 offset 3;

Column Control over Query Results

select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 slimit 1;
select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 where time > 2017-11-01T00:05:00.000 and time < 2017-11-01T00:12:00.000 slimit 1 soffset 1;
select max_value(*) from root.ln.wf01.wt01 group by ([2017-11-01T00:00:00, 2017-11-07T23:00:00),1d) slimit 1 soffset 1;

Row and Column Control over Query Results

select * from root.ln.wf01.wt01 limit 10 offset 100 slimit 2 soffset 0;

7.8 `ORDER BY` CLAUSE

Order by in ALIGN BY TIME mode

select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by time desc;

Order by in ALIGN BY DEVICE mode

select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by device desc,time asc align by device;
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by time asc,device desc align by device;
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 align by device;
select count(*) from root.ln.** group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00,2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00],1m) order by device asc,time asc align by device;

Order by arbitrary expressions

select score from root.** order by score desc align by device;
select score,total from root.one order by base+score+bonus desc;
select score,total from root.one order by total desc;
select base, score, bonus, total from root.** order by total desc NULLS Last,
                                  score desc NULLS Last,
                                  bonus desc NULLS Last,
                                  time desc align by device;
select min_value(total) from root.** order by min_value(total) asc align by device;
select min_value(total),max_value(base) from root.** order by max_value(total) desc align by device;
select score from root.** order by device asc, score desc, time asc align by device;

7.9 `ALIGN BY` CLAUSE

Align by Device

select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 align by device;

7.10 `INTO` CLAUSE (QUERY WRITE-BACK)

select s1, s2 into root.sg_copy.d1(t1), root.sg_copy.d2(t1, t2), root.sg_copy.d1(t2) from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2;
select count(s1 + s2), last_value(s2) into root.agg.count(s1_add_s2), root.agg.last_value(s2) from root.sg.d1 group by ([0, 100), 10ms);
select s1, s2 into root.sg_copy.d1(t1, t2), root.sg_copy.d2(t1, t2) from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2 align by device;
select s1 + s2 into root.expr.add(d1s1_d1s2), root.expr.add(d2s1_d2s2) from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2 align by device;

Using variable placeholders:

select s1, s2
into root.sg_copy.d1(::), root.sg_copy.d2(s1), root.sg_copy.d1(${3}), root.sg_copy.d2(::)
from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2;

select d1.s1, d1.s2, d2.s3, d3.s4
into ::(s1_1, s2_2), root.sg.d2_2(s3_3), root.${2}_copy.::(s4)
from root.sg;

select * into root.sg_bk.::(::) from root.sg.**;

select s1, s2, s3, s4
into root.backup_sg.d1(s1, s2, s3, s4), root.backup_sg.d2(::), root.sg.d3(backup_${4})
from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2, root.sg.d3
align by device;

select avg(s1), sum(s2) + sum(s3), count(s4)
into root.agg_${2}.::(avg_s1, sum_s2_add_s3, count_s4)
from root.**
align by device;

select * into ::(backup_${4}) from root.sg.** align by device;

select s1, s2 into root.sg_copy.d1(t1, t2), aligned root.sg_copy.d2(t1, t2) from root.sg.d1, root.sg.d2 align by device;

8. Maintennance

Generate the corresponding query plan:

explain select s1,s2 from root.sg.d1;

Execute the corresponding SQL, analyze the execution and output:

explain analyze select s1,s2 from root.sg.d1 order by s1;

9. OPERATOR

For more details, see document Operator-and-Expression.

9.1 Arithmetic Operators

For details and examples, see the document Arithmetic Operators and Functions.

select s1, - s1, s2, + s2, s1 + s2, s1 - s2, s1 * s2, s1 / s2, s1 % s2 from root.sg.d1;

9.2 Comparison Operators

For details and examples, see the document Comparison Operators and Functions.

# Basic comparison operators
select a, b, a > 10, a <= b, !(a <= b), a > 10 && a > b from root.test;

# `BETWEEN ... AND ...` operator
select temperature from root.sg1.d1 where temperature between 36.5 and 40;
select temperature from root.sg1.d1 where temperature not between 36.5 and 40;

# Fuzzy matching operator: Use `Like` for fuzzy matching
select * from root.sg.d1 where value like '%cc%';
select * from root.sg.device where value like '_b_';

# Fuzzy matching operator: Use `Regexp` for fuzzy matching
select * from root.sg.d1 where value regexp '^[A-Za-z]+$';
select * from root.sg.d1 where value regexp '^[a-z]+$' and time > 100;
select b, b like '1%', b regexp '[0-2]' from root.test;

# `IS NULL` operator
select code from root.sg1.d1 where temperature is null;
select code from root.sg1.d1 where temperature is not null;

# `IN` operator
select code from root.sg1.d1 where code in ('200', '300', '400', '500');
select code from root.sg1.d1 where code not in ('200', '300', '400', '500');
select a, a in (1, 2) from root.test;

9.3 Logical Operators

For details and examples, see the document Logical Operators.

select a, b, a > 10, a <= b, !(a <= b), a > 10 && a > b from root.test;

10. BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS

For more details, see document Operator-and-Expression.

10.1 Aggregate Functions

For details and examples, see the document Aggregate Functions.

select count(status) from root.ln.wf01.wt01;

select count_if(s1=0 & s2=0, 3), count_if(s1=1 & s2=0, 3) from root.db.d1;
select count_if(s1=0 & s2=0, 3, 'ignoreNull'='false'), count_if(s1=1 & s2=0, 3, 'ignoreNull'='false') from root.db.d1;

select time_duration(s1) from root.db.d1;

10.2 Arithmetic Functions

For details and examples, see the document Arithmetic Operators and Functions.

select s1, sin(s1), cos(s1), tan(s1) from root.sg1.d1 limit 5 offset 1000;
select s4,round(s4),round(s4,2),round(s4,-1) from root.sg1.d1;

10.3 Comparison Functions

For details and examples, see the document Comparison Operators and Functions.

select ts, on_off(ts, 'threshold'='2') from root.test;
select ts, in_range(ts, 'lower'='2', 'upper'='3.1') from root.test;

10.4 String Processing Functions

For details and examples, see the document String Processing.

select s1, string_contains(s1, 's'='warn') from root.sg1.d4;
select s1, string_matches(s1, 'regex'='[^\\s]+37229') from root.sg1.d4;
select s1, length(s1) from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, locate(s1, "target"="1") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, locate(s1, "target"="1", "reverse"="true") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, startswith(s1, "target"="1") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, endswith(s1, "target"="1") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, s2, concat(s1, s2, "target1"="IoT", "target2"="DB") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, s2, concat(s1, s2, "target1"="IoT", "target2"="DB", "series_behind"="true") from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, substring(s1 from 1 for 2) from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, replace(s1, 'es', 'tt') from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, upper(s1) from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, lower(s1) from root.sg1.d1;
select s3, trim(s3) from root.sg1.d1;
select s1, s2, strcmp(s1, s2) from root.sg1.d1;
select strreplace(s1, "target"=",", "replace"="/", "limit"="2") from root.test.d1;
select strreplace(s1, "target"=",", "replace"="/", "limit"="1", "offset"="1", "reverse"="true") from root.test.d1;
select regexmatch(s1, "regex"="\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+", "group"="0") from root.test.d1;
select regexreplace(s1, "regex"="192\.168\.0\.(\d+)", "replace"="cluster-$1", "limit"="1") from root.test.d1;
select regexsplit(s1, "regex"=",", "index"="-1") from root.test.d1;
select regexsplit(s1, "regex"=",", "index"="3") from root.test.d1;

10.5 Data Type Conversion Function

For details and examples, see the document Data Type Conversion Function.

SELECT cast(s1 as INT32) from root.sg;

10.6 Constant Timeseries Generating Functions

For details and examples, see the document Constant Timeseries Generating Functions.

select s1, s2, const(s1, 'value'='1024', 'type'='INT64'), pi(s2), e(s1, s2) from root.sg1.d1;

10.7 Selector Functions

For details and examples, see the document Selector Functions.

select s1, top_k(s1, 'k'='2'), bottom_k(s1, 'k'='2') from root.sg1.d2 where time > 2020-12-10T20:36:15.530+08:00;

10.8 Continuous Interval Functions

For details and examples, see the document Continuous Interval Functions.

select s1, zero_count(s1), non_zero_count(s2), zero_duration(s3), non_zero_duration(s4) from root.sg.d2;

10.9 Variation Trend Calculation Functions

For details and examples, see the document Variation Trend Calculation Functions.

select s1, time_difference(s1), difference(s1), non_negative_difference(s1), derivative(s1), non_negative_derivative(s1) from root.sg1.d1 limit 5 offset 1000; 

SELECT DIFF(s1), DIFF(s2) from root.test;
SELECT DIFF(s1, 'ignoreNull'='false'), DIFF(s2, 'ignoreNull'='false') from root.test;

10.10 Sample Functions

For details and examples, see the document Sample Functions.

select equal_size_bucket_random_sample(temperature,'proportion'='0.1') as random_sample from root.ln.wf01.wt01;
select equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, 'type'='avg','proportion'='0.1') as agg_avg, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, 'type'='max','proportion'='0.1') as agg_max, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature,'type'='min','proportion'='0.1') as agg_min, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, 'type'='sum','proportion'='0.1') as agg_sum, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, 'type'='extreme','proportion'='0.1') as agg_extreme, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, 'type'='variance','proportion'='0.1') as agg_variance from root.ln.wf01.wt01;
select equal_size_bucket_m4_sample(temperature, 'proportion'='0.1') as M4_sample from root.ln.wf01.wt01;
select equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, 'proportion'='0.1', 'type'='avg', 'number'='2') as outlier_avg_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, 'proportion'='0.1', 'type'='stendis', 'number'='2') as outlier_stendis_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, 'proportion'='0.1', 'type'='cos', 'number'='2') as outlier_cos_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, 'proportion'='0.1', 'type'='prenextdis', 'number'='2') as outlier_prenextdis_sample from root.ln.wf01.wt01;

select M4(s1,'timeInterval'='25','displayWindowBegin'='0','displayWindowEnd'='100') from root.vehicle.d1;
select M4(s1,'windowSize'='10') from root.vehicle.d1;

10.11 Change Points Function

For details and examples, see the document Time-Series.

select change_points(s1), change_points(s2), change_points(s3), change_points(s4), change_points(s5), change_points(s6) from root.testChangePoints.d1;

11. DATA QUALITY FUNCTION LIBRARY

For more details, see document Operator-and-Expression.

11.1 Data Quality

For details and examples, see the document Data-Quality.

# Completeness
select completeness(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;
select completeness(s1,"window"="15") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:01:00;

# Consistency
select consistency(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;
select consistency(s1,"window"="15") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:01:00;

# Timeliness
select timeliness(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;
select timeliness(s1,"window"="15") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:01:00;

# Validity
select Validity(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;
select Validity(s1,"window"="15") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:01:00;

# Accuracy
select Accuracy(t1,t2,t3,m1,m2,m3) from root.test;

11.2 Data Profiling

For details and examples, see the document Data-Profiling.

# ACF
select acf(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:05;

# Distinct
select distinct(s2) from root.test.d2;

# Histogram
select histogram(s1,"min"="1","max"="20","count"="10") from root.test.d1;

# Integral
select integral(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:10;
select integral(s1, "unit"="1m") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:10;

# IntegralAvg
select integralavg(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:10;

# Mad
select mad(s0) from root.test;
select mad(s0, "error"="0.01") from root.test;

# Median
select median(s0, "error"="0.01") from root.test;

# MinMax
select minmax(s1) from root.test;

# Mode
select mode(s2) from root.test.d2;

# MvAvg
select mvavg(s1, "window"="3") from root.test;

# PACF
select pacf(s1, "lag"="5") from root.test;

# Percentile
select percentile(s0, "rank"="0.2", "error"="0.01") from root.test;

# Quantile
select quantile(s0, "rank"="0.2", "K"="800") from root.test;

# Period
select period(s1) from root.test.d3;

# QLB
select QLB(s1) from root.test.d1;

# Resample
select resample(s1,'every'='5m','interp'='linear') from root.test.d1;
select resample(s1,'every'='30m','aggr'='first') from root.test.d1;
select resample(s1,'every'='30m','start'='2021-03-06 15:00:00') from root.test.d1;

# Sample
select sample(s1,'method'='reservoir','k'='5') from root.test.d1;
select sample(s1,'method'='isometric','k'='5') from root.test.d1;

# Segment
select segment(s1, "error"="0.1") from root.test;

# Skew
select skew(s1) from root.test.d1;

# Spline
select spline(s1, "points"="151") from root.test;

# Spread
select spread(s1) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;

# Stddev
select stddev(s1) from root.test.d1;

# ZScore
select zscore(s1) from root.test;

11.3 Anomaly Detection

For details and examples, see the document Anomaly-Detection.

# IQR
select iqr(s1) from root.test;

# KSigma
select ksigma(s1,"k"="1.0") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;

# LOF
select lof(s1,s2) from root.test.d1 where time<1000;
select lof(s1, "method"="series") from root.test.d1 where time<1000;

# MissDetect
select missdetect(s2,'minlen'='10') from root.test.d2;

# Range
select range(s1,"lower_bound"="101.0","upper_bound"="125.0") from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:30;

# TwoSidedFilter
select TwoSidedFilter(s0, 'len'='5', 'threshold'='0.3') from root.test;

# Outlier
select outlier(s1,"r"="5.0","k"="4","w"="10","s"="5") from root.test;

# MasterTrain
select MasterTrain(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,'p'='3','eta'='1.0') from root.test;

# MasterDetect
select MasterDetect(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,model,'output_type'='repair','p'='3','k'='3','eta'='1.0') from root.test;
select MasterDetect(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,model,'output_type'='anomaly','p'='3','k'='3','eta'='1.0') from root.test;

11.4 Frequency Domain

For details and examples, see the document Frequency-Domain.

# Conv
select conv(s1,s2) from root.test.d2;

# Deconv
select deconv(s3,s2) from root.test.d2;
select deconv(s3,s2,'result'='remainder') from root.test.d2;

# DWT
select dwt(s1,"method"="haar") from root.test.d1;

# FFT
select fft(s1) from root.test.d1;
select fft(s1, 'result'='real', 'compress'='0.99'), fft(s1, 'result'='imag','compress'='0.99') from root.test.d1;

# HighPass
select highpass(s1,'wpass'='0.45') from root.test.d1;

# IFFT
select ifft(re, im, 'interval'='1m', 'start'='2021-01-01 00:00:00') from root.test.d1;

# LowPass
select lowpass(s1,'wpass'='0.45') from root.test.d1;

# Envelope
select envelope(s1) from root.test.d1;

11.5 Data Matching

For details and examples, see the document Data-Matching.

# Cov
select cov(s1,s2) from root.test.d2;

# DTW
select dtw(s1,s2) from root.test.d2;

# Pearson
select pearson(s1,s2) from root.test.d2;

# PtnSym
select ptnsym(s4, 'window'='5', 'threshold'='0') from root.test.d1;

# XCorr
select xcorr(s1, s2) from root.test.d1 where time <= 2020-01-01 00:00:05;

11.6 Data Repairing

For details and examples, see the document Data-Repairing.

# TimestampRepair
select timestamprepair(s1,'interval'='10000') from root.test.d2;
select timestamprepair(s1) from root.test.d2;

# ValueFill
select valuefill(s1) from root.test.d2;
select valuefill(s1,"method"="previous") from root.test.d2;

# ValueRepair
select valuerepair(s1) from root.test.d2;
select valuerepair(s1,'method'='LsGreedy') from root.test.d2;

# MasterRepair
select MasterRepair(t1,t2,t3,m1,m2,m3) from root.test;

# SeasonalRepair
select seasonalrepair(s1,'period'=3,'k'=2) from root.test.d2;
select seasonalrepair(s1,'method'='improved','period'=3) from root.test.d2;

11.7 Series Discovery

For details and examples, see the document Series-Discovery.

# ConsecutiveSequences
select consecutivesequences(s1,s2,'gap'='5m') from root.test.d1;
select consecutivesequences(s1,s2) from root.test.d1;

# ConsecutiveWindows
select consecutivewindows(s1,s2,'length'='10m') from root.test.d1;

11.8 Machine Learning

For details and examples, see the document Machine-Learning.

# AR
select ar(s0,"p"="2") from root.test.d0;

# Representation
select representation(s0,"tb"="3","vb"="2") from root.test.d0;

# RM
select rm(s0, s1,"tb"="3","vb"="2") from root.test.d0;

12. CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION

For details and examples, see the document Conditional Expressions.

select T, P, case
when 1000<T and T<1050 and 1000000<P and P<1100000 then "good!"
when T<=1000 or T>=1050 then "bad temperature"
when P<=1000000 or P>=1100000 then "bad pressure"
end as `result`
from root.test1;

select str, case
when str like "%cc%" then "has cc"
when str like "%dd%" then "has dd"
else "no cc and dd" end as `result`
from root.test2;

select
count(case when x<=1 then 1 end) as `(-∞,1]`,
count(case when 1<x and x<=3 then 1 end) as `(1,3]`,
count(case when 3<x and x<=7 then 1 end) as `(3,7]`,
count(case when 7<x then 1 end) as `(7,+∞)`
from root.test3;

select x, case x when 1 then "one" when 2 then "two" else "other" end from root.test4;

select x, case x when 1 then true when 2 then false end as `result` from root.test4;

select x, case x
when 1 then 1
when 2 then 222222222222222
when 3 then 3.3
when 4 then 4.4444444444444
end as `result`
from root.test4;

13. TRIGGER

For more details, see document TRIGGER.

13.1 Create Trigger

// Create Trigger
createTrigger
    : CREATE triggerType TRIGGER triggerName=identifier triggerEventClause ON pathPattern AS className=STRING_LITERAL uriClause? triggerAttributeClause?
    ;

triggerType
    : STATELESS | STATEFUL
    ;

triggerEventClause
    : (BEFORE | AFTER) INSERT
    ;
        
uriClause
    : USING URI uri
    ;

uri
    : STRING_LITERAL
    ;
    
triggerAttributeClause
    : WITH LR_BRACKET triggerAttribute (COMMA triggerAttribute)* RR_BRACKET
    ;

triggerAttribute
    : key=attributeKey operator_eq value=attributeValue
    ;

13.2 Drop Trigger

// Drop Trigger
dropTrigger
  : DROP TRIGGER triggerName=identifier
;

13.3 Show Trigger

SHOW TRIGGERS

14. CONTINUOUS QUERY (CQ)

For more details, see document CONTINUOUS QUERY.

CREATE (CONTINUOUS QUERY | CQ) <cq_id> 
[RESAMPLE 
  [EVERY <every_interval>] 
  [BOUNDARY <execution_boundary_time>]
  [RANGE <start_time_offset>[, end_time_offset]] 
]
[TIMEOUT POLICY BLOCKED|DISCARD]
BEGIN
  SELECT CLAUSE
    INTO CLAUSE
    FROM CLAUSE
    [WHERE CLAUSE]
    [GROUP BY(<group_by_interval>[, <sliding_step>]) [, level = <level>]]
    [HAVING CLAUSE]
    [FILL ({PREVIOUS | LINEAR | constant} (, interval=DURATION_LITERAL)?)]
    [LIMIT rowLimit OFFSET rowOffset]
    [ALIGN BY DEVICE]
END

14.1 Configuring execution intervals

CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq1
RESAMPLE EVERY 20s
BEGIN
SELECT max_value(temperature)
  INTO root.ln.wf02.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf02.wt01(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt01(temperature_max)
  FROM root.ln.*.*
  GROUP BY(10s)
END;

14.2 Configuring time range for resampling

CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq2
RESAMPLE RANGE 40s
BEGIN
  SELECT max_value(temperature)
  INTO root.ln.wf02.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf02.wt01(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt01(temperature_max)
  FROM root.ln.*.*
  GROUP BY(10s)
END;

14.3 Configuring execution intervals and CQ time ranges

CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq3
RESAMPLE EVERY 20s RANGE 40s
BEGIN
  SELECT max_value(temperature)
  INTO root.ln.wf02.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf02.wt01(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt01(temperature_max)
  FROM root.ln.*.*
  GROUP BY(10s)
  FILL(100.0)
END;

14.4 Configuring end_time_offset for CQ time range

CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq4
RESAMPLE EVERY 20s RANGE 40s, 20s
BEGIN
  SELECT max_value(temperature)
  INTO root.ln.wf02.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf02.wt01(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt02(temperature_max), root.ln.wf01.wt01(temperature_max)
  FROM root.ln.*.*
  GROUP BY(10s)
  FILL(100.0)
END;

14.5 CQ without group by clause

CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq5
RESAMPLE EVERY 20s
BEGIN
  SELECT temperature + 1
  INTO root.precalculated_sg.::(temperature)
  FROM root.ln.*.*
  align by device
END;

14.6 CQ Management

Listing continuous queries

SHOW (CONTINUOUS QUERIES | CQS) ;

Dropping continuous queries

DROP (CONTINUOUS QUERY | CQ) <cq_id>;

Altering continuous queries

CQs can‘t be altered once they’re created. To change a CQ, you must DROP and reCREATE it with the updated settings.

15. USER-DEFINED FUNCTION (UDF)

For more details, see document UDF Libraries.

15.1 UDF Registration

CREATE FUNCTION <UDF-NAME> AS <UDF-CLASS-FULL-PATHNAME> (USING URI URI-STRING)?

15.2 UDF Deregistration

DROP FUNCTION <UDF-NAME>

15.3 UDF Queries

SELECT example(*) from root.sg.d1;
SELECT example(s1, *) from root.sg.d1;
SELECT example(*, *) from root.sg.d1;

SELECT example(s1, 'key1'='value1', 'key2'='value2'), example(*, 'key3'='value3') FROM root.sg.d1;
SELECT example(s1, s2, 'key1'='value1', 'key2'='value2') FROM root.sg.d1;

SELECT s1, s2, example(s1, s2) FROM root.sg.d1;
SELECT *, example(*) FROM root.sg.d1 DISABLE ALIGN;
SELECT s1 * example(* / s1 + s2) FROM root.sg.d1;
SELECT s1, s2, s1 + example(s1, s2), s1 - example(s1 + example(s1, s2) / s2) FROM root.sg.d1;

15.4 Show All Registered UDFs

SHOW FUNCTIONS

16. ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT

For more details, see document Authority Management.

16.1 SQL Statements

Create user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)

CREATE USER <userName> <password>;
eg: CREATE USER user1 'passwd';

Delete user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)

DROP USER <userName>;
eg: DROP USER user1;

Create role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)

CREATE ROLE <roleName>;
eg: CREATE ROLE role1;

Delete role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)

DROP ROLE <roleName>;
eg: DROP ROLE role1;

Grant role to user (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)

GRANT ROLE <ROLENAME> TO <USERNAME>;
eg: GRANT ROLE admin TO user1;

Revoke role from user(Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)

REVOKE ROLE <ROLENAME> FROM <USER>;
eg: REVOKE ROLE admin FROM user1;

List all user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)

LIST USER

List all role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)

LIST ROLE

List all users granted specific role.（Requires MANAGE_USER permission)

LIST USER OF ROLE <roleName>;
eg: LIST USER OF ROLE roleuser;

List all role granted to specific user.

LIST ROLE OF USER <username>;
eg: LIST ROLE OF USER tempuser;

List all privileges of user

LIST PRIVILEGES OF USER <username>;
eg: LIST PRIVILEGES OF USER tempuser;

List all privileges of role

LIST PRIVILEGES OF ROLE <roleName>;
eg: LIST PRIVILEGES OF ROLE actor;

Modify password

ALTER USER <username> SET PASSWORD <password>;
eg: ALTER USER tempuser SET PASSWORD 'newpwd';

16.2 Authorization and Deauthorization

GRANT <PRIVILEGES> ON <PATHS> TO ROLE/USER <NAME> [WITH GRANT OPTION];
eg: GRANT READ ON root.** TO ROLE role1;
eg: GRANT READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA ON root.t1.** TO USER user1;
eg: GRANT READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA ON root.t1.**,root.t2.** TO USER user1;
eg: GRANT MANAGE_ROLE ON root.** TO USER user1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
eg: GRANT ALL ON root.** TO USER user1 WITH GRANT OPTION;

REVOKE <PRIVILEGES> ON <PATHS> FROM ROLE/USER <NAME>;
eg: REVOKE READ ON root.** FROM ROLE role1;
eg: REVOKE READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA ON root.t1.** FROM USER user1;
eg: REVOKE READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA ON root.t1.**, root.t2.** FROM USER user1;
eg: REVOKE MANAGE_ROLE ON root.** FROM USER user1;
eg: REVOKE ALL ON root.** FROM USER user1;

Delete Time Partition (experimental)

Eg: DELETE PARTITION root.ln 0,1,2;

Continuous Query,CQ

Eg: CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq1 BEGIN SELECT max_value(temperature) INTO temperature_max FROM root.ln.*.* GROUP BY time(10s) END;

Maintenance Command

FLUSH

Eg: flush

MERGE

Eg: MERGE;
Eg: FULL MERGE;

CLEAR CACHE

Eg: CLEAR CACHE

START REPAIR DATA

Eg: START REPAIR DATA

STOP REPAIR DATA

Eg: STOP REPAIR DATA

SET SYSTEM TO READONLY / WRITABLE

Eg: SET SYSTEM TO READONLY / WRITABLE

Query abort

Eg: KILL QUERY 1

SQL Manual

1. DATABASE MANAGEMENT

1.1 Create Database

1.2 Show Databases

1.3 Delete Database

1.4 Count Databases

1.5 Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced operations)

Set heterogeneous parameters when creating a Database

Adjust heterogeneous parameters at run time

Show heterogeneous databases

1.6 TTL

Set TTL

Unset TTL

Show TTL

2. DEVICE TEMPLATE

2.1 Create Device Template

2.2 Set Device Template

2.3 Activate Device Template

2.4 Show Device Template

2.5 Deactivate Device Template

2.6 Unset Device Template

2.7 Drop Device Template

2.8 Alter Device Template

3. TIMESERIES MANAGEMENT

3.1 Create Timeseries

3.2 Create Aligned Timeseries

3.3 Delete Timeseries

3.4 Show Timeseries

3.5 Count Timeseries

3.6 Tag and Attribute Management

4. NODE MANAGEMENT

4.1 Show Child Paths

4.2 Show Child Nodes

4.3 Count Nodes

4.4 Show Devices

4.5 Count Devices

5. INSERT & LOAD DATA

5.1 Insert Data

Use of INSERT Statements

Insert Data Into Aligned Timeseries

5.2 Load External TsFile Tool

Load with SQL

Load with Script

6. DELETE DATA

6.1 Delete Single Timeseries

6.2 Delete Multiple Timeseries

6.3 Delete Time Partition (experimental)

7. QUERY DATA

7.1 Basic Examples

Select a Column of Data Based on a Time Interval

Select Multiple Columns of Data Based on a Time Interval

Select Multiple Columns of Data for the Same Device According to Multiple Time Intervals

Choose Multiple Columns of Data for Different Devices According to Multiple Time Intervals

Order By Time Query

7.2 SELECT CLAUSE

Use Alias

Nested Expressions

Nested Expressions with Time Series Query

Nested Expressions query with aggregations

Last Query

7.3 WHERE CLAUSE

Time Filter

Value Filter

Fuzzy Query

7.4 GROUP BY CLAUSE

7.5 HAVING CLAUSE

7.6 FILL CLAUSE

PREVIOUS Fill

PREVIOUS FILL and specify the fill timeout threshold

LINEAR Fill

Constant Fill

7.7 LIMIT and SLIMIT CLAUSES (PAGINATION)

Row Control over Query Results

Column Control over Query Results

Row and Column Control over Query Results

7.8 ORDER BY CLAUSE

Order by in ALIGN BY TIME mode

Order by in ALIGN BY DEVICE mode

Order by arbitrary expressions

7.9 ALIGN BY CLAUSE

7.2 `SELECT` CLAUSE

7.3 `WHERE` CLAUSE

7.4 `GROUP BY` CLAUSE

7.5 `HAVING` CLAUSE

7.6 `FILL` CLAUSE

`PREVIOUS` Fill

`PREVIOUS` FILL and specify the fill timeout threshold

`LINEAR` Fill

7.7 `LIMIT` and `SLIMIT` CLAUSES (PAGINATION)

7.8 `ORDER BY` CLAUSE

7.9 `ALIGN BY` CLAUSE

7.10 `INTO` CLAUSE (QUERY WRITE-BACK)