/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.samoa.learners.classifiers.ensemble;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.samoa.core.Processor;
import org.apache.samoa.instances.Instances;
import org.apache.samoa.learners.AdaptiveLearner;
import org.apache.samoa.learners.ClassificationLearner;
import org.apache.samoa.learners.Learner;
import org.apache.samoa.learners.classifiers.trees.VerticalHoeffdingTree;
import org.apache.samoa.moa.classifiers.core.driftdetection.ADWINChangeDetector;
import org.apache.samoa.moa.classifiers.core.driftdetection.ChangeDetector;
import org.apache.samoa.topology.Stream;
import org.apache.samoa.topology.TopologyBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.github.javacliparser.ClassOption;
import com.github.javacliparser.Configurable;
import com.github.javacliparser.IntOption;

/**
 * An adaptive version of the Bagging Classifier by Oza and Russell.
 */
public class AdaptiveBagging implements ClassificationLearner, Configurable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 8217274236558839040L;
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AdaptiveBagging.class);

  /** The base learner option. */
  public ClassOption baseLearnerOption = new ClassOption("baseLearner", 'l',
      "Classifier to train.", AdaptiveLearner.class, VerticalHoeffdingTree.class.getName());

  /** The ensemble size option. */
  public IntOption ensembleSizeOption = new IntOption("ensembleSize", 's',
      "The number of models in the bag.", 10, 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE);

  public ClassOption driftDetectionMethodOption = new ClassOption("driftDetectionMethod", 'd',
      "Drift detection method to use.", ChangeDetector.class, ADWINChangeDetector.class.getName());

  /** The distributor processor. */
  private BaggingDistributorProcessor distributorP;

  /** The result stream. */
  protected Stream resultStream;

  /** The dataset. */
  private Instances dataset;

  protected AdaptiveLearner[] ensemble;

  /**
   * Sets the layout.
   */
  protected void setLayout() {
    int ensembleSize = this.ensembleSizeOption.getValue();

    distributorP = new BaggingDistributorProcessor();
    distributorP.setEnsembleSize(ensembleSize);
    builder.addProcessor(distributorP, 1);

    // instantiate classifier
    ensemble = new AdaptiveLearner[ensembleSize];
    for (int i = 0; i < ensembleSize; i++) {
      try {
        ensemble[i] = (AdaptiveLearner) ClassOption.createObject(baseLearnerOption.getValueAsCLIString(),
            baseLearnerOption.getRequiredType());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error("Unable to create members of the ensemble. Please check your CLI parameters");
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
      }
      ensemble[i].setChangeDetector((ChangeDetector) this.driftDetectionMethodOption.getValue());
      ensemble[i].init(builder, this.dataset, 1); // sequential
    }

    PredictionCombinerProcessor predictionCombinerP = new PredictionCombinerProcessor();
    predictionCombinerP.setEnsembleSize(ensembleSize);
    this.builder.addProcessor(predictionCombinerP, 1);

    // Streams
    resultStream = builder.createStream(predictionCombinerP);
    predictionCombinerP.setOutputStream(resultStream);

    for (AdaptiveLearner member : ensemble) {
      for (Stream subResultStream : member.getResultStreams()) { // a learner can have multiple output streams
        this.builder.connectInputKeyStream(subResultStream, predictionCombinerP); // the key is the instance id to combine predictions
      }
    }

    /* The input streams for the ensemble, one per member. */
    Stream[] ensembleStreams = new Stream[ensembleSize];
    for (int i = 0; i < ensembleSize; i++) {
      ensembleStreams[i] = builder.createStream(distributorP);
      builder.connectInputShuffleStream(ensembleStreams[i], ensemble[i].getInputProcessor()); // connect streams one-to-one with ensemble members (the type of connection does not matter)
    }

    distributorP.setOutputStreams(ensembleStreams);
  }

  /** The builder. */
  private TopologyBuilder builder;

  @Override
  public void init(TopologyBuilder builder, Instances dataset, int parallelism) {
    this.builder = builder;
    this.dataset = dataset;
    this.setLayout();
  }

  @Override
  public Processor getInputProcessor() {
    return distributorP;
  }

  /*
   * (non-Javadoc)
   * 
   * @see samoa.learners.Learner#getResultStreams()
   */
  @Override
  public Set<Stream> getResultStreams() {
    return ImmutableSet.of(this.resultStream);
  }
}