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to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

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*/
package org.apache.edgent.connectors.command;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.edgent.connectors.command.runtime.CommandReader;
import org.apache.edgent.connectors.command.runtime.CommandWriter;
import org.apache.edgent.function.Consumer;
import org.apache.edgent.function.Supplier;
import org.apache.edgent.topology.TSink;
import org.apache.edgent.topology.TStream;
import org.apache.edgent.topology.Topology;

/**
 * Connector for creating a TStream from a Command's / OS Process's output
 * and sinking a TStream to a Command's / OS Process's input.
 * <P>
 * e.g., run a network monitor command (like Tiger Shark) and ingest its output.
 */
public class CommandStreams {
  private CommandStreams() {}

  /**
   * Tokenize the specified {@code cmdString} in the exact same manner as
   * done by {@link Runtime#exec(String)}.
   * <P>
   * This function provides a convenience for creating a {@link ProcessBuilder}
   * for use by the other CommandStreams methods. 
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * Sample use:
   * <pre>{@code
   * ProcessBuilder cmd = new ProcessBuilder(tokenize("sh someShellCmd.sh and args"));
   * TStream<String> stream = CommandStreams.generate(org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology, cmd);
   * }</pre>
   * 
   * @param cmdString a command string
   * @return the tokens
   */
  public static List<String> tokenize(String cmdString) {
    List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
    StringTokenizer tok = new StringTokenizer(cmdString);
    while (tok.hasMoreTokens()) 
      command.add(tok.nextToken());
    return command;
  }
  
  /**
   * Create an endless {@code TStream<String>} from a long running command's output.
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@code cmd} is used to start the command.
   * A tuple is created for each UTF8 line read from the command's
   * {@link Process#getInputStream() output}.
   * The tuples contain output from stderr if cmd is configured to 
   * {@link ProcessBuilder#redirectErrorStream(boolean) redirect stderr to stdout}.
   * The command is restarted if a read from the command's output stream
   * returns EOF or an error. 
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * This is a convenience function equivalent to
   * {@code org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology.generate(endlessCommandReader(cmd))}.
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * Sample use: create a stream of tuples for the output from a 
   * continuously running and restartable command:
   * <pre>{@code
   * ProcessBuilder cmd = new ProcessBuilder("myCommand");
   * TStream<String> cmdOutput = CommandStreams.generate(org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology, cmd);
   * cmdOutput.print();
   * }</pre>
   * 
   * @param topology the org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology to add the source stream to
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @return the source {@code TStream<String>}
   * 
   * @see #endlessCommandReader(ProcessBuilder)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static TStream<String> generate(Topology topology, ProcessBuilder cmd) {
    return topology.generate(endlessCommandReader(cmd));
  }
  
  /**
   * Create a {@code TStream<String>} from a periodically run command's output.
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@code cmd} is used to start the command
   * at the specified {@code period}.
   * The command's UTF8 {@link Process#getInputStream() output} is read until EOF
   * and a {@code List<String>} tuple is created containing the collected output.
   * The tuples contain output from stderr if the cmd is configured to 
   * {@link ProcessBuilder#redirectErrorStream(boolean) redirect stderr to stdout}.  
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * This is a convenience function equivalent to
   * {@code org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology.poll(commandReaderList(cmd), period, units)}.
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * Sample use: create a stream of tuples containing the output 
   * from a periodically run command:
   * <pre>{@code
   * ProcessBuilder cmd = new ProcessBuilder("date");
   * TStream<List<String>> cmdOutput = 
   *      CommandStreams.periodicSource(org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology, cmd, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
   * cmdOutput.print();
   * }</pre>
   * 
   * @param topology the org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology to add the source stream to
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @param period the period to run the command and collect its output
   * @param units TimeUnit for {@code period}
   * @return the source {@code TStream<List<String>>}
   * 
   * @see #commandReaderList(ProcessBuilder)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static TStream<List<String>> periodicSource(Topology topology,
      ProcessBuilder cmd, long period, TimeUnit units) {
    return topology.poll(commandReaderList(cmd), period, units);
  }
  
  /**
   * Sink a {@code TStream<String>} to a command's input.
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@code cmd} is used to start the command.
   * Each tuple is written as UTF8 and flushed to the command's {@link Process#getOutputStream() input}.
   * The command is restarted if a write encounters an error. 
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * While each write is followed by a flush() that only helps to
   * reduce the time it takes to notice that cmd has failed and restart it.
   * Supposedly "successfully written and flushed" values are not guaranteed to
   * have been received by a cmd across restarts.
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * This is a convenience function equivalent to
   * {@code stream.sink(commandWriter(cmd))}
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * Sample use: write a stream of tuples to the input of a command:
   * <pre>{@code
   * TStream<String> stream = org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology.strings("one", "two", "three");
   * ProcessBuilder cmd = new ProcessBuilder("cat").redirectOutput(new File("/dev/stdout"));
   * CommandStreams.sink(stream, cmd);
   * }</pre>
   * 
   * @param stream the stream to sink
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @return a {@link TSink}
   * 
   * @see #commandWriter(ProcessBuilder)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static TSink<String> sink(TStream<String> stream, ProcessBuilder cmd) {
    return stream.sink(commandWriter(cmd));
  }
    
  /**
   * Create an endless {@code Supplier<String>} for ingesting a long running command's output.
   * <P>
   * This method is particularly helpful in creating a sensor or source connector
   * class that hides the fact that it uses a command, enabling it to be used
   * like any other sensor/connector.
   * </P>
   * For example:
   * <pre><code>
   * // ingest the sensor data
   * TStream&lt;MySensorData&gt; stream = org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology.generate(new MySensor());
   *
   * // MySensor class
   * class MySensor implements Supplier&lt;MySensorData&gt; {
   *   private String[] cmd = new String[] {"mySensorCmd", "arg1"};
   *   private Supplier&lt;String&gt; commandReader = 
   *     CommandStreams.endlessCommandReader(new ProcessBuilder(cmd));
   *       
   *   // implement Supplier&lt;MySensorData&gt;.get()
   *   public MySensorData get() {
   *     // get the next line from the cmd and create a MySensorData tuple from it
   *     return createMySensorData(commandReader.get());
   *   }
   * }
   * </code></pre>
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@code cmd} is used to start the command.
   * A call to {@link Supplier#get()} reads the next UTF8 line from the command's
   * {@link Process#getInputStream() output}.
   * The returned strings contain output from stderr if the cmd is configured to 
   * {@link ProcessBuilder#redirectErrorStream(boolean) redirect stderr to stdput}.  
   * The command is restarted if a read from the command's output stream
   * returns EOF or an error.
   * </P>
   * 
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @return the {@code Supplier<String>}
   * 
   * @see #generate(Topology, ProcessBuilder)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static Supplier<String> endlessCommandReader(ProcessBuilder cmd) {
    return new Supplier<String>() {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
      Supplier<Iterable<String>> reader = new CommandReader(cmd, true);
      Iterator<String> iter = null;
      @Override
      public String get() {
        if (iter == null) {
          iter = reader.get().iterator();
        }
        if (iter.hasNext()) {
          return iter.next();
        }
        else {
          // presumably a shutdown condition
          return null;
        }
      }
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * Create a {@code Supplier<List<String>>} to ingest a command's output.
   * <P>
   * This method is particularly helpful in creating a sensor or source connector
   * class that hides the fact that it uses a command, enabling it to be used
   * like any other sensor/connector.
   * </P>
   * For example:
   * <pre><code>
   * // ingest the sensor data
   * TStream&lt;MySensorData&gt; stream = org.apache.edgent.org.apache.edgent.topology.periodicSource(new MySensor());
   *
   * // MySensor class
   * class MySensor implements Supplier&lt;MySensorData&gt; {
   *   private String[] cmd = new String[] {"mySensorCmd", "arg1"};
   *   private Supplier&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; commandReader = 
   *     CommandStreams.commandReaderList(new ProcessBuilder(cmd));
   *       
   *   // implement Supplier&lt;MySensorData&gt;.get()
   *   public MySensorData get() {
   *     // get the cmd output and create a MySensorData tuple from it
   *     return createMySensorData(commandReader.get());
   *   }
   * }
   * </code></pre>
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@code cmd} is used to start the command.
   * A call to {@link Supplier#get()} reads the command's UTF8
   * {@link Process#getInputStream() input stream} until an EOF or error
   * and returns a {@code List<String>} of the collected input.
   * The tuples contain output from stderr if the cmd is configured to 
   * {@link ProcessBuilder#redirectErrorStream(boolean) redirect stderr to stdout}.
   * </P>
   * 
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @return the {@code Supplier<List<String>>} for the command
   * 
   * @see #periodicSource(Topology, ProcessBuilder, long, TimeUnit)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static Supplier<List<String>> commandReaderList(ProcessBuilder cmd) {
    return new Supplier<List<String>>() {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

      @Override
      public List<String> get() {
        try (CommandReader supplier
                = new CommandReader(cmd, false))
        {
          Iterator<String> iter = supplier.get().iterator();
          List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
          while (iter.hasNext())
            list.add(iter.next());
          return list;
        }
      }
    };
  }
 
  /**
   * Create a {@code Consumer<String>} to write UTF8 string data to a command's input.
   * <P>
   * This method is particularly helpful in creating a sink connector
   * that hides the fact that it uses a command, enabling it to be used
   * like a native connector.
   * </P>
   * For example:
   * <pre><code>
   * // sink a stream to my connector
   * TStream&lt;MySensorData&gt; stream = ...;
   * stream.sink(new MySinkConnector());
   *
   * // MySinkConnector class
   * class MySinkConnector implements Consumer&lt;MySensorData&gt; {
   *   private String[] cmd = new String[] {"mySinkCmd", "arg1"};
   *   private Consumer&lt;String&gt; commandWriter = 
   *     CommandStreams.commandWriter(new ProcessBuilder(cmd));
   *       
   *   // implement Consumer&lt;MySensorData&gt;.accept()
   *   public void accept(MySensorData data) {
   *     // convert the data to a string and write it to the cmd
   *     commandWriter.accept(convertMySensorData(data));
   *   }
   * }
   * </code></pre>
   * <P>
   * The supplied {@link ProcessBuilder cmd} is used to start the command.
   * Each call to {@link Consumer#accept(Object) accept(String)} writes a 
   * UTF8 string to the command's {@link Process#getOutputStream() input}.
   * Each write is followed by a flush.
   * The command is restarted if a write encounters an error. 
   * </P>
   * <P>
   * While each write is followed by a flush() that only helps to
   * reduce the time it takes to notice that cmd has failed and restart it.
   * Supposedly "successfully written and flushed" values are not guaranteed to
   * have been received by a cmd across restarts.
   * </P>
   * 
   * @param cmd the {@link ProcessBuilder} to start the command
   * @return the {@code Consumer<String>} for the command
   * 
   * @see #sink(TStream, ProcessBuilder)
   * @see #tokenize(String)
   */
  public static Consumer<String> commandWriter(ProcessBuilder cmd) {
    return new CommandWriter(cmd, true);
  }

}