src/json/reader.inl

/******************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2009-2010, Terry Caton
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      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 
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#include <cassert>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <vector>
#include "utf8.h"

/*  

TODO:
* better documentation
* unicode character decoding

*/

namespace json
{

inline std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& istr, UnknownElement& elementRoot) {
   Reader::Read(elementRoot, istr);
   return istr;
}

inline Reader::Location::Location() :
   m_nLine(0),
   m_nLineOffset(0),
   m_nDocOffset(0)
{}


//////////////////////
// Reader::InputStream

class Reader::InputStream // would be cool if we could inherit from std::istream & override "get"
{
public:
   InputStream(std::istream& iStr) :
      m_iStr(iStr) {}

   // protect access to the input stream, so we can keeep track of document/line offsets
   char Get(); // big, define outside
   char Peek() {
      assert(m_iStr.eof() == false); // enforce reading of only valid stream data 
      return m_iStr.peek();
   }

   bool EOS() {
      m_iStr.peek(); // apparently eof flag isn't set until a character read is attempted. whatever.
      return m_iStr.eof();
   }

   const Location& GetLocation() const { return m_Location; }

	std::istream& GetStream() {
        return m_iStr;
    }

private:
   std::istream& m_iStr;
   Location m_Location;
};


inline char Reader::InputStream::Get()
{
   assert(m_iStr.eof() == false); // enforce reading of only valid stream data 
   char c = m_iStr.get();
   
   ++m_Location.m_nDocOffset;
   if (c == '\n') {
      ++m_Location.m_nLine;
      m_Location.m_nLineOffset = 0;
   }
   else {
      ++m_Location.m_nLineOffset;
   }

   return c;
}



//////////////////////
// Reader::TokenStream

class Reader::TokenStream
{
public:
   TokenStream(const Tokens& tokens);

   const Token& Peek();
   const Token& Get();

   bool EOS() const;

private:
   const Tokens& m_Tokens;
   Tokens::const_iterator m_itCurrent;
};


inline Reader::TokenStream::TokenStream(const Tokens& tokens) :
   m_Tokens(tokens),
   m_itCurrent(tokens.begin())
{}

inline const Reader::Token& Reader::TokenStream::Peek() {
   if (EOS())
   {
      const Token& lastToken = *m_Tokens.rbegin();
      std::string sMessage = "Unexpected end of token stream";
      throw ParseException(sMessage, lastToken.locBegin, lastToken.locEnd); // nowhere to point to
   }
   return *(m_itCurrent); 
}

inline const Reader::Token& Reader::TokenStream::Get() {
   const Token& token = Peek();
   ++m_itCurrent;
   return token;
}

inline bool Reader::TokenStream::EOS() const {
   return m_itCurrent == m_Tokens.end(); 
}

///////////////////
// Reader (finally)


inline void Reader::Read(Object& object, std::istream& istr)                { Read_i(object, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(Array& array, std::istream& istr)                  { Read_i(array, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(String& string, std::istream& istr)                { Read_i(string, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(Number& number, std::istream& istr)                { Read_i(number, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(Boolean& boolean, std::istream& istr)              { Read_i(boolean, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(Null& null, std::istream& istr)                    { Read_i(null, istr); }
inline void Reader::Read(UnknownElement& unknown, std::istream& istr)       { Read_i(unknown, istr); }


template <typename ElementTypeT>   
void Reader::Read_i(ElementTypeT& element, std::istream& istr)
{
   Reader reader;

   Tokens tokens;
   InputStream inputStream(istr);
   reader.Scan(tokens, inputStream);

   TokenStream tokenStream(tokens);
   reader.Parse(element, tokenStream);

   if (tokenStream.EOS() == false)
   {
      const Token& token = tokenStream.Peek();
      std::string sMessage = std::string("Expected End of token stream; found ") + token.sValue;
      throw ParseException(sMessage, token.locBegin, token.locEnd);
   }
}


inline void Reader::Scan(Tokens& tokens, InputStream& inputStream)
{
   while (EatWhiteSpace(inputStream),              // ignore any leading white space...
          inputStream.EOS() == false) // ...before checking for EOS
   {
      // if all goes well, we'll create a token each pass
      Token token;
      token.locBegin = inputStream.GetLocation();

      // gives us null-terminated string
      char sChar = inputStream.Peek();
      switch (sChar)
      {
         case '{':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "{");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_BEGIN;
            break;

         case '}':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "}");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_END;
            break;

         case '[':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "[");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_BEGIN;
            break;

         case ']':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "]");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_END;
            break;

         case ',':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, ",");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_NEXT_ELEMENT;
            break;

         case ':':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, ":");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_MEMBER_ASSIGN;
            break;

         case '"':
            token.sValue = MatchString(inputStream);
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_STRING;
            break;

         case '-':
         case '0':
         case '1':
         case '2':
         case '3':
         case '4':
         case '5':
         case '6':
         case '7':
         case '8':
         case '9':
            token.sValue = MatchNumber(inputStream);
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_NUMBER;
            break;

         case 't':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "true");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_BOOLEAN;
            break;

         case 'f':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "false");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_BOOLEAN;
            break;

         case 'n':
            token.sValue = MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "null");
            token.nType = Token::TOKEN_NULL;
            break;

         default:
         {
            std::string sErrorMessage = std::string("Unexpected character in stream: ") + sChar;
            throw ScanException(sErrorMessage, inputStream.GetLocation());
         }
      }

      token.locEnd = inputStream.GetLocation();
      tokens.push_back(token);
   }
}


inline void Reader::EatWhiteSpace(InputStream& inputStream)
{
   while (inputStream.EOS() == false && 
          ::isspace(inputStream.Peek()))
      inputStream.Get();
}

inline std::string Reader::MatchExpectedString(InputStream& inputStream, const std::string& sExpected)
{
   std::string::const_iterator it(sExpected.begin()),
                               itEnd(sExpected.end());
   for ( ; it != itEnd; ++it) {
      if (inputStream.EOS() ||      // did we reach the end before finding what we're looking for...
          inputStream.Get() != *it) // ...or did we find something different?
      {
         std::string sMessage = std::string("Expected string: ") + sExpected;
         throw ScanException(sMessage, inputStream.GetLocation());
      }
   }

   // all's well if we made it here
   return sExpected;
}

static void ConsumeUnicode(std::istream& str, std::vector<utf8::uint16_t>& uni16) {
    char bytes[4] = { '\0' };
    str.get(bytes[0]);
    str.get(bytes[1]);
    str.get(bytes[2]);
    str.get(bytes[3]);
    utf8::uint16_t cp = (bytes[0] - '0') << 12 | (bytes[1] - '0') << 8 | (bytes[2] - '0') << 4 | (bytes[3] - '0');
    uni16.push_back(cp);
}

static inline void FinalizeUnicode(std::string& uni8, std::vector<utf8::uint16_t>& uni16) {
    utf8::utf16to8(uni16.begin(), uni16.end(), std::back_inserter(uni8));
    uni16.clear();
}

inline std::string Reader::MatchString(InputStream& inputStream)
{
   MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "\"");

   std::string string;
   std::vector<utf8::uint16_t> uni;
   while (inputStream.EOS() == false &&
          inputStream.Peek() != '"')
   {
      char c = inputStream.Get();

      // escape?
      if (c == '\\' &&
          inputStream.EOS() == false) // shouldn't have reached the end yet
      {
         c = inputStream.Get();
         switch (c) {
            case '/':      string.push_back('/');     FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case '"':      string.push_back('"');     FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case '\\':     string.append("\\\\");     FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case 'b':      string.push_back('\b');    FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case 'f':      string.push_back('\f');    FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case 'n':      string.push_back('\n');    FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case 'r':      string.push_back('\r');    FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
            case 't':      string.push_back('\t');    FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); break;
			case 'u':      ConsumeUnicode(inputStream.GetStream(), uni); break;
            default: {
               std::string sMessage = std::string("Unrecognized escape sequence found in string: \\") + c;
               throw ScanException(sMessage, inputStream.GetLocation());
            }
         }
      }
      else {
		 FinalizeUnicode(string, uni); 
         string.push_back(c);
      }
   }

   if (!uni.empty()) FinalizeUnicode(string, uni);

   // eat the last '"' that we just peeked
   MatchExpectedString(inputStream, "\"");

   // all's well if we made it here
   return string;
}


inline std::string Reader::MatchNumber(InputStream& inputStream)
{
   const char sNumericChars[] = "0123456789.eE-+";
   std::set<char> numericChars;
   numericChars.insert(sNumericChars, sNumericChars + sizeof(sNumericChars));

   std::string sNumber;
   while (inputStream.EOS() == false &&
          numericChars.find(inputStream.Peek()) != numericChars.end())
   {
      sNumber.push_back(inputStream.Get());   
   }

   return sNumber;
}


inline void Reader::Parse(UnknownElement& element, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream) 
{
   const Token& token = tokenStream.Peek();
   switch (token.nType) {
      case Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_BEGIN:
      {
         // implicit non-const cast will perform conversion for us (if necessary)
         Object& object = element;
         Parse(object, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      case Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_BEGIN:
      {
         Array& array = element;
         Parse(array, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      case Token::TOKEN_STRING:
      {
         String& string = element;
         Parse(string, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      case Token::TOKEN_NUMBER:
      {
         Number& number = element;
         Parse(number, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      case Token::TOKEN_BOOLEAN:
      {
         Boolean& boolean = element;
         Parse(boolean, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      case Token::TOKEN_NULL:
      {
         Null& null = element;
         Parse(null, tokenStream);
         break;
      }

      default:
      {
         std::string sMessage = std::string("Unexpected token: ") + token.sValue;
         throw ParseException(sMessage, token.locBegin, token.locEnd);
      }
   }
}


inline void Reader::Parse(Object& object, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_BEGIN, tokenStream);

   bool bContinue = (tokenStream.EOS() == false &&
                     tokenStream.Peek().nType != Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_END);
   while (bContinue)
   {
      Object::Member member;

      // first the member name. save the token in case we have to throw an exception
      const Token& tokenName = tokenStream.Peek();
      member.name = MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_STRING, tokenStream);

      // ...then the key/value separator...
      MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_MEMBER_ASSIGN, tokenStream);

      // ...then the value itself (can be anything).
      Parse(member.element, tokenStream);

      // try adding it to the object (this could throw)
      try
      {
         object.Insert(member);
      }
      catch (Exception&)
      {
         // must be a duplicate name
         std::string sMessage = std::string("Duplicate object member token: ") + member.name; 
         throw ParseException(sMessage, tokenName.locBegin, tokenName.locEnd);
      }

      bContinue = (tokenStream.EOS() == false &&
                   tokenStream.Peek().nType == Token::TOKEN_NEXT_ELEMENT);
      if (bContinue)
         MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_NEXT_ELEMENT, tokenStream);
   }

   MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_OBJECT_END, tokenStream);
}


inline void Reader::Parse(Array& array, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_BEGIN, tokenStream);

   bool bContinue = (tokenStream.EOS() == false &&
                     tokenStream.Peek().nType != Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_END);
   while (bContinue)
   {
      // ...what's next? could be anything
      Array::iterator itElement = array.Insert(UnknownElement());
      UnknownElement& element = *itElement;
      Parse(element, tokenStream);

      bContinue = (tokenStream.EOS() == false &&
                   tokenStream.Peek().nType == Token::TOKEN_NEXT_ELEMENT);
      if (bContinue)
         MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_NEXT_ELEMENT, tokenStream);
   }

   MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_ARRAY_END, tokenStream);
}


inline void Reader::Parse(String& string, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   string = MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_STRING, tokenStream);
}


inline void Reader::Parse(Number& number, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   const Token& currentToken = tokenStream.Peek(); // might need this later for throwing exception
   const std::string& sValue = MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_NUMBER, tokenStream);

   std::istringstream iStr(sValue);
   double dValue;
   iStr >> dValue;

   // did we consume all characters in the token?
   if (iStr.eof() == false)
   {
      char c = iStr.peek();
      std::string sMessage = std::string("Unexpected character in NUMBER token: ") + c;
      throw ParseException(sMessage, currentToken.locBegin, currentToken.locEnd);
   }

   number = dValue;
}


inline void Reader::Parse(Boolean& boolean, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   const std::string& sValue = MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_BOOLEAN, tokenStream);
   boolean = (sValue == "true" ? true : false);
}


inline void Reader::Parse(Null&, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   MatchExpectedToken(Token::TOKEN_NULL, tokenStream);
}


inline const std::string& Reader::MatchExpectedToken(Token::Type nExpected, Reader::TokenStream& tokenStream)
{
   const Token& token = tokenStream.Get();
   if (token.nType != nExpected)
   {
      std::string sMessage = std::string("Unexpected token: ") + token.sValue;
      throw ParseException(sMessage, token.locBegin, token.locEnd);
   }

   return token.sValue;
}

} // End namespace