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<h1>Calcite-Based SQL Engine</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This Alpha release introduces new SQL engine based on the Apache Calcite framework to parse and optimize queries and generate execution plans. Previously, it was based on H2 Database.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Apache Calcite is a dynamic data management framework, which mainly serves for mediating between applications and one or more data storage locations and data processing engines.
For more information on Apache Calcite, please see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replacing H2 SQL engine with Apache Calcite incorporates the following general improvements:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Wider SQL support</strong>: Apache Calcite, unlike H2, is specifically designed for SQL enablement on top of an arbitrary external data storage;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Better optimization algorithms</strong>: Apache Calcite optimizes queries by repeatedly applying planner rules to a relational expression;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Higher overall performance</strong>: Calcite offers much higher levels of execution flexibility, as well as higher efficiency in terms of both memory and CPU consumption.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="data-manipulation-language-dml">Data Manipulation Language (DML)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This section walks you through all data manipulation language (DML) commands supported by Apache Ignite Alpha 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Warning</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
Currently, <code>WITH</code> and <code>MERGE</code> commands are not supported.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="select">SELECT</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Retrieves data from a table or multiple tables.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">hintComment</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="err">{</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">projectItem</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">projectItem</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="err">}</span>
<span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">tableExpression</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">booleanExpression</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="err">{</span> <span class="n">groupItem</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">groupItem</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">HAVING</span> <span class="n">booleanExpression</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="insert">INSERT</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Inserts data into a table.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span> <span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">UPSERT</span> <span class="err">}</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">tablePrimary</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'('</span> <span class="k">column</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="k">column</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="s1">')'</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">query</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="update">UPDATE</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Updates data in a table.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">UPDATE</span> <span class="n">tablePrimary</span>
<span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">assign</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">assign</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">booleanExpression</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="delete">DELETE</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Deletes data from a table.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">DELETE</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">tablePrimary</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">alias</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">booleanExpression</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="supported-operators-and-functions">Supported Operators and Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</h3>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="count">COUNT</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of input rows for which value is not null (wholly not null if value is composite).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="avg">AVG</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of numeric across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="sum">SUM</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the sum of numeric across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="min">MIN</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MIN</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the minimum value of value across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="max">MAX</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the maximum value of value across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="string_agg">STRING_AGG</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRING_AGG</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">separator</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ORDER</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">...])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates the values of string expressions and places separator values between them.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="string_concat">STRING_CONCAT</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRING_CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="n">stringN</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates the text values in the specified data ranges.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="functions">Functions</h3>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="json">JSON</h4>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>JSON_EXISTS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON_VALUE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON_QUERY</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON_OBJECT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON_ARRAY</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON_PRETTY</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>STRING</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CHAR_LENGTH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CHARACTER_LENGTH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>UPPER</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LOWER</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>POSITION</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TRIM</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>OVERLAY</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SUBSTRING</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>INITCAP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SPACE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>STRCMP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>REVERSE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>REGEXP_REPLACE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SHA1</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>MD5</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LTRIM</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TO_BASE64</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FROM_BASE64</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>COMPRESS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CONCAT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TRANSLATE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ASCII</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LEFT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>RIGHT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>REPEAT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SOUNDEX</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For more information on functions supported by Apache Calcite, see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html#operators-and-functions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="numeric">NUMERIC</h4>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>POWER</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ABS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>MOD</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SQRT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LOG10</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>EXP</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CEIL</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FLOOR</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>RAND</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ACOS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ASIN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ATAN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ATAN2</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CBRT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>COS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>COT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>DEGREES</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>PI()</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>RADIANS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ROUND</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SIGN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SIN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TAN</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TRUNCATE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CHR</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>COSH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SINH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TANH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For more information on functions supported by Apache Calcite, see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html#operators-and-functions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="general">GENERAL</h4>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>NULLIF</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>COALESCE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CAST</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>NVL</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GREATEST</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For more information on functions supported by Apache Calcite, see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html#operators-and-functions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="timestamp">TIMESTAMP</h4>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>TIMESTAMP_ADD</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>TIMESTAMP_DIFF</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>EXTRACT</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>LAST_DAY</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For more information on functions supported by Apache Calcite, see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html#operators-and-functions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copyright">
© 2021 The Apache Software Foundation.<br/>
Apache, Apache Ignite, the Apache feather and the Apache Ignite logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
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<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#data-manipulation-language-dml">Data Manipulation Language (DML)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#select">SELECT</a></li>
<li><a href="#insert">INSERT</a></li>
<li><a href="#update">UPDATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#delete">DELETE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#supported-operators-and-functions">Supported Operators and Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#count">COUNT</a></li>
<li><a href="#avg">AVG</a></li>
<li><a href="#sum">SUM</a></li>
<li><a href="#min">MIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#max">MAX</a></li>
<li><a href="#string_agg">STRING_AGG</a></li>
<li><a href="#string_concat">STRING_CONCAT</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#functions">Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#json">JSON</a></li>
<li><a href="#numeric">NUMERIC</a></li>
<li><a href="#general">GENERAL</a></li>
<li><a href="#timestamp">TIMESTAMP</a></li>
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