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<article data-swiftype-index='true'>
<a class='edit-link' href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/IGNITE-7595/docs/_docs/sql-reference/string-functions.adoc" target="_blank">Edit</a>
<h1>String Functions</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="ascii">ASCII</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Return the ASCII value of the first character in the string. This method returns an <code>int</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">select</span> <span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="bit_length">BIT_LENGTH</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of bits in a string. This method returns a <code>long</code>. For <code>BLOB</code>, <code>CLOB</code>, <code>BYTES</code>, and <code>JAVA_OBJECT</code>, the object&#8217;s specified precision is used. Each character needs 16 bits.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">BIT_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">select</span> <span class="k">BIT_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="length">LENGTH</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of characters in a string. This method returns a <code>long</code>. For <code>BLOB</code>, <code>CLOB</code>, <code>BYTES</code>, and <code>JAVA_OBJECT</code>, the object&#8217;s specified precision is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">LENGTH</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">CHAR_LENGTH</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">CHARACTER_LENGTH</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="octet_length">OCTET_LENGTH</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of bytes in a string. This method returns a <code>long</code>. For <code>BLOB</code>, <code>CLOB</code>, <code>BYTES</code> and <code>JAVA_OBJECT</code>, the object&#8217;s specified precision is used. Each character needs 2 bytes.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">OCTET_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">OCTET_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="char">CHAR</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the character that represents the ASCII value. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span><span class="nb">CHAR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">CHR</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>int</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">65</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="concat">CONCAT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Combines strings. Unlike with the <code>||</code> operator, NULL parameters are ignored and do not cause the result to become NULL. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">[,...])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'!'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="concat_ws">CONCAT_WS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Combines strings, dividing with a separator. Unlike with the <code>||</code> operator, NUL parameters are ignored, and do not cause the result to become NULL. This method returns a string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CONCAT_WS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">separatorString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">[,...])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>separatorString</code> - separator.
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">CONCAT_WS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'!'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="difference">DIFFERENCE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the difference between the <code>SOUNDEX()</code> values of two strings. This method returns an <code>int</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DIFFERENCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Y</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>X</code>, <code>Y</code> - strings to compare.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Calculates the SOUNDEX() difference for two Players' names:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">select</span> <span class="n">DIFFERENCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">players</span> <span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">players</span> <span class="n">T2</span>
<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="hextoraw">HEXTORAW</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts a hex representation of a string to a string. 4 hex characters per string character are used.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">HEXTORAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - a hex string to use for the conversion.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Calculate a harmony for Players' names:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">HEXTORAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rawtohex">RAWTOHEX</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts a string to the hex representation. 4 hex characters per string character are used. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RAWTOHEX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - a string to convert to the hex representation.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Calculate a harmony for Players' names:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">RAWTOHEX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="instr">INSTR</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the location of a search string in a string. If a start position is used, the characters before it are ignored. If position is negative, the rightmost location is returned. 0 is returned if the search string is not found. Please note this function is case sensitive, even if the parameters are not.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">searchString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">startInt</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - any string.
- <code>searchString</code> - any string to search for.
- <code>startInt</code> - start position for the lookup.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Check if a string includes the "@" symbol:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EMAIL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'@'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="insert">INSERT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Inserts a additional string into the original string at a specified start position. The length specifies the number of characters that are removed at the start position in the original string. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">originalString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">startInt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lengthInt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addString</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>originalString</code> - an original string.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>startInt</code> - start position.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>lengthInt</code> - the length.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>addString</code> - an additional string.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="lower">LOWER</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts a string to lowercase.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">LOWER</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">LCASE</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">LOWER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="upper">UPPER</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts a string to uppercase.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">UPPER</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">UCASE</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
The following example returns the last name in uppercase for each Player:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">UPPER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">last_name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nv">"LastNameUpperCase"</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="left">LEFT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the leftmost number of characters.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.
- <code>int</code> - a number of characters to extract.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Get 3 first letters of Players' names:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="right">RIGHT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the rightmost number of characters.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">RIGHT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:
- <code>string</code> - an argument.
- <code>int</code> - a number of characters to extract.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:
Get the last 3 letters of Players' names:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">RIGHT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="locate">LOCATE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the location of a search string in a string. If a start position is used, the characters before it are ignored. If position is negative, the rightmost location is returned. 0 is returned if the search string is not found.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LOCATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">searchString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">startInt</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">LOCATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="position">POSITION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the location of a search string in a string. See also <a href="#locate">LOCATE</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">searchString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="lpad">LPAD</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Left pad the string to the specified length. If the length is shorter than the string, it will be truncated at the end. If the padding string is not set, spaces will be used.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LPAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">paddingString</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">LPAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AMOUNT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rpad">RPAD</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Right pad the string to the specified length. If the length is shorter than the string, it will be truncated. If the padding string is not set, spaces will be used.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RPAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">paddingString</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">RPAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="ltrim">LTRIM</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Removes all leading spaces from a string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">LTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="rtrim">RTRIM</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Removes all trailing spaces from a string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">RTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="trim">TRIM</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Removes all leading spaces, trailing spaces, or spaces at both ends, from a string. Other characters can be removed as well.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRIM</span> <span class="p">([</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">LEADING</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">TRAILING</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">BOTH</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">BOTH</span> <span class="s1">'_'</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="regexp_replace">REGEXP_REPLACE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces each substring that matches a regular expression. For details, see the Java <code>String.replaceAll()</code> method. If any parameter is null (except the optional flagsString parameter), the result is null.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REGEXP_REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">regexString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">replacementString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">flagsString</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Flags values are limited to 'i', 'c', 'n', 'm'. Other symbols cause an exception. Multiple symbols can be used in one <code>flagsString</code> parameter (for example: 'im'). Later flags override earlier ones, for example 'ic' is equivalent to case sensitive, matching 'c'.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>'i' enables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'c' disables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'n' allows the period to match the newline character (Pattern.DOTALL)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'m' enables multiline mode (Pattern.MULTILINE)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">REGEXP_REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'w+'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'W'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'i'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="regexp_like">REGEXP_LIKE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Matches string to a regular expression. For details, see the Java <code>Matcher.find()</code> method. If any parameter is null (except the optional <code>flagsString</code> parameter), the result is null.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REGEXP_LIKE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inputString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">regexString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">flagsString</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Flags values are limited to 'i', 'c', 'n', 'm'. Other symbols cause an exception. Multiple symbols can be used in one <code>flagsString</code> parameter (for example: 'im'). Later flags override earlier ones, for example 'ic' is equivalent to case sensitive, matching 'c'.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>'i' enables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'c' disables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'n' allows the period to match the newline character (Pattern.DOTALL)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>'m' enables multiline mode (Pattern.MULTILINE)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">REGEXP_LIKE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'[A-Z ]*'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'i'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="repeat">REPEAT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string repeated some number of times.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REPEAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">REPEAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="replace">REPLACE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces all occurrences of a search string in specified text with another string. If no replacement is specified, the search string is removed from the original string. If any parameter is null, the result is null.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">searchString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">replacementString</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="soundex">SOUNDEX</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a four character code representing the SOUNDEX of a string. See also <a href="http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/census/soundex.html"><a href="http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/census/soundex.html" class="bare">http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/census/soundex.html</a></a>. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SOUNDEX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">SOUNDEX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="space">SPACE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string consisting of the specified number of spaces.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="stringdecode">STRINGDECODE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts an encoded string using the Java string literal encoding format. Special characters are <code>\b</code>, <code>\t</code>, <code>\n</code>, <code>\f</code>, <code>\r</code>, <code>\"</code>, <code>\</code>, <code>\&lt;octal&gt;</code>, <code>\u&lt;unicode&gt;</code>. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRINGDECODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRINGENCODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STRINGDECODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lines 1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">Line 2'</span><span class="p">));</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="stringencode">STRINGENCODE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Encodes special characters in a string using the Java string literal encoding format. Special characters are <code>\b</code>, <code>\t</code>, <code>\n</code>, <code>\f</code>, <code>\r</code>, <code>\"</code>, <code>\</code>, <code>\&lt;octal&gt;</code>, <code>\u&lt;unicode&gt;</code>. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRINGENCODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRINGENCODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STRINGDECODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lines 1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">Line 2'</span><span class="p">))</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="stringtoutf8">STRINGTOUTF8</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Encodes a string to a byte array using the UTF8 encoding format. This method returns <code>bytes</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRINGTOUTF8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">UTF8TOSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STRINGTOUTF8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="substring">SUBSTRING</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a substring of a string starting at the specified position. If the start index is negative, then the start index is relative to the end of the string. The length is optional. Also supported is: <code>SUBSTRING(string [FROM start] [FOR length])</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">SUBSTRING</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">startInt</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">lengthInt</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="utf8tostring">UTF8TOSTRING</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Decodes a byte array in UTF8 format to a string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">UTF8TOSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">UTF8TOSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STRINGTOUTF8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Players</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmlattr">XMLATTR</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creates an XML attribute element of the form name=value. The value is encoded as XML text. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLATTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nameString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">valueString</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLNODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XMLATTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'http://h2database.com'</span><span class="p">))</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmlnode">XMLNODE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Create an XML node element. An empty or null attribute string means no attributes are set. An empty or null content string means the node is empty. The content is indented by default if it contains a newline. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLNODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">elementString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">attributesString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">contentString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">indentBoolean</span><span class="p">]]])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLNODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XMLATTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'http://h2database.com'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">'H2'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmlcomment">XMLCOMMENT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creates an XML comment. Two dashes (<code>--</code>) are converted to <code>- -</code>. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLCOMMENT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">commentString</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLCOMMENT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Test'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmlcdata">XMLCDATA</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creates an XML CDATA element. If the value contains <code>]]&gt;</code>, an XML text element is created instead. This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLCDATA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valueString</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLCDATA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmlstartdoc">XMLSTARTDOC</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the XML declaration. The result is always <code>&lt;?xml version=1.0?&gt;</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLSTARTDOC</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLSTARTDOC</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="xmltext">XMLTEXT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creates an XML text element. If enabled, newline and linefeed is converted to an XML entity (<code>&amp;#</code>). This method returns a <code>string</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLTEXT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valueString</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">escapeNewlineBoolean</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">XMLSTARTDOC</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="to_char">TO_CHAR</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Formats a timestamp, number, or text.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TO_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">formatString</span><span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">nlsParamString</span><span class="p">]])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TO_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2010-01-01 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'DD MON, YYYY'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="translate">TRANSLATE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRANSLATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">searchString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">replacementString</span><span class="p">]])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRANSLATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello world'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'eo'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'EO'</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copyright">
© 2020 The Apache Software Foundation.<br/>
Apache, Apache Ignite, the Apache feather and the Apache Ignite logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
</div>
</article>
<nav class="right-nav" data-swiftype-index='false'>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#ascii">ASCII</a></li>
<li><a href="#bit_length">BIT_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#length">LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#octet_length">OCTET_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#char">CHAR</a></li>
<li><a href="#concat">CONCAT</a></li>
<li><a href="#concat_ws">CONCAT_WS</a></li>
<li><a href="#difference">DIFFERENCE</a></li>
<li><a href="#hextoraw">HEXTORAW</a></li>
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<li><a href="#replace">REPLACE</a></li>
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<li><a href="#space">SPACE</a></li>
<li><a href="#stringdecode">STRINGDECODE</a></li>
<li><a href="#stringencode">STRINGENCODE</a></li>
<li><a href="#stringtoutf8">STRINGTOUTF8</a></li>
<li><a href="#substring">SUBSTRING</a></li>
<li><a href="#utf8tostring">UTF8TOSTRING</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmlattr">XMLATTR</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmlnode">XMLNODE</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmlcomment">XMLCOMMENT</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmlcdata">XMLCDATA</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmlstartdoc">XMLSTARTDOC</a></li>
<li><a href="#xmltext">XMLTEXT</a></li>
<li><a href="#to_char">TO_CHAR</a></li>
<li><a href="#translate">TRANSLATE</a></li>
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