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| <manualpage metafile="htpasswd.xml.meta"> |
| <parentdocument href="./">Programs</parentdocument> |
| |
| <title>htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication</title> |
| |
| <summary> |
| <p><code>htpasswd</code> is used to create and update the flat-files used to |
| store usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users. If |
| <code>htpasswd</code> cannot access a file, such as not being able to write |
| to the output file or not being able to read the file in order to update it, |
| it returns an error status and makes no changes.</p> |
| |
| <p>Resources available from the Apache HTTP server can be restricted to |
| just the users listed in the files created by <code>htpasswd</code>. This |
| program can only manage usernames and passwords stored in a flat-file. It |
| can encrypt and display password information for use in other types of data |
| stores, though. To use a DBM database see <program>dbmmanage</program> or |
| <program>htdbm</program>.</p> |
| |
| <p><code>htpasswd</code> encrypts passwords using either bcrypt, |
| a version of MD5 modified for Apache, SHA1, or the system's |
| <code>crypt()</code> routine. Files |
| managed by <code>htpasswd</code> may contain a mixture of different encoding |
| types of passwords; some |
| user records may have bcrypt or MD5-encrypted passwords while others in the |
| same file may have passwords encrypted with <code>crypt()</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>This manual page only lists the command line arguments. For details of |
| the directives necessary to configure user authentication in |
| <program>httpd</program> see the Apache manual, which is part of the |
| Apache distribution or can be found at <a href="http://httpd.apache.org" |
| >http://httpd.apache.org/</a>.</p> |
| </summary> |
| <seealso><program>httpd</program></seealso> |
| <seealso><program>htdbm</program></seealso> |
| <seealso>The scripts in support/SHA1 which come with the |
| distribution.</seealso> |
| |
| <section id="synopsis"><title>Synopsis</title> |
| <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>i</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>D</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] <var>passwdfile</var> <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>b</strong> |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>D</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] <var>passwdfile</var> <var>username</var> |
| <var>password</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>n</strong> |
| [ -<strong>i</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>nb</strong> |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] <var>username</var> |
| <var>password</var></code></p> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section id="options"><title>Options</title> |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>-b</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use batch mode; <em>i.e.</em>, get the password from the command line |
| rather than prompting for it. This option should be used with extreme care, |
| since <strong>the password is clearly visible</strong> on the command |
| line. For script use see the <code>-i</code> option. |
| Available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-i</code></dt> |
| <dd>Read the password from stdin without verification (for script usage).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-c</code></dt> |
| <dd>Create the <var>passwdfile</var>. If <var>passwdfile</var> already |
| exists, it is rewritten and truncated. This option cannot be combined with |
| the <code>-n</code> option.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-n</code></dt> |
| <dd>Display the results on standard output rather than updating a file. |
| This is useful for generating password records acceptable to Apache for |
| inclusion in non-text data stores. This option changes the syntax of the |
| command line, since the <var>passwdfile</var> argument (usually the first |
| one) is omitted. It cannot be combined with the <code>-c</code> option.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-m</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use MD5 encryption for passwords. This is the default (since version |
| 2.2.18).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-B</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use bcrypt encryption for passwords. This is currently considered to |
| be very secure.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-C</code></dt> |
| <dd>This flag is only allowed in combination with <code>-B</code> (bcrypt |
| encryption). It sets the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm |
| (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-d</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use <code>crypt()</code> encryption for passwords. This is not |
| supported by the <program>httpd</program> server on Windows and |
| Netware. This algorithm limits the password length to 8 characters. |
| This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards. |
| It used to be the default algorithm until version 2.2.17.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-s</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration from/to Netscape |
| servers using the LDAP Directory Interchange Format (ldif). |
| This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-p</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use plaintext passwords. Though <code>htpasswd</code> will support |
| creation on all platforms, the <program>httpd</program> daemon will |
| only accept plain text passwords on Windows and Netware.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-D</code></dt> |
| <dd>Delete user. If the username exists in the specified htpasswd file, it |
| will be deleted.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-v</code></dt> |
| <dd>Verify password. Verify that the given password matches the password |
| of the user stored in the specified htpasswd file. |
| Available in 2.4.5 and later.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>passwdfile</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>Name of the file to contain the user name and password. If |
| <code>-c</code> is given, this file is created if it does not already exist, |
| or rewritten and truncated if it does exist.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>username</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>The username to create or update in <var>passwdfile</var>. If |
| <var>username</var> does not exist in this file, an entry is added. If it |
| does exist, the password is changed.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>password</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>The plaintext password to be encrypted and stored in the file. Only |
| used with the <code>-b</code> flag.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section id="exit"><title>Exit Status</title> |
| <p><code>htpasswd</code> returns a zero status ("true") if the username and |
| password have been successfully added or updated in the |
| <var>passwdfile</var>. <code>htpasswd</code> returns <code>1</code> if it |
| encounters some problem accessing files, <code>2</code> if there was a |
| syntax problem with the command line, <code>3</code> if the password was |
| entered interactively and the verification entry didn't match, |
| <code>4</code> if its operation was interrupted, <code>5</code> if a value |
| is too long (username, filename, password, or final computed record), |
| <code>6</code> if the username contains illegal characters (see the |
| <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions section</a>), and <code>7</code> |
| if the file is not a valid password file.</p> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section id="examples"><title>Examples</title> |
| <example> |
| htpasswd /usr/local/etc/apache/.htpasswd-users jsmith |
| </example> |
| |
| <p>Adds or modifies the password for user <code>jsmith</code>. The user |
| is prompted for the password. The password will be encrypted using the |
| modified Apache MD5 algorithm. If the file does not exist, |
| <code>htpasswd</code> will do nothing except return an error.</p> |
| |
| <example> |
| htpasswd -c /home/doe/public_html/.htpasswd jane |
| </example> |
| |
| <p>Creates a new file and stores a record in it for user <code>jane</code>. |
| The user is prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be |
| read, or cannot be written, it is not altered and <code>htpasswd</code> |
| will display a message and return an error status.</p> |
| |
| <example> |
| htpasswd -db /usr/web/.htpasswd-all jones Pwd4Steve |
| </example> |
| |
| <p>Encrypts the password from the command line (<code>Pwd4Steve</code>) |
| using the <code>crypt()</code> algorithm, and stores it in the specified |
| file.</p> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section id="security"><title>Security Considerations</title> |
| <p>Web password files such as those managed by <code>htpasswd</code> should |
| <em>not</em> be within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should |
| not be fetchable with a browser.</p> |
| |
| <p>This program is not safe as a setuid executable. Do <em>not</em> make it |
| setuid.</p> |
| |
| <p>The use of the <code>-b</code> option is discouraged, since when it is |
| used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.</p> |
| |
| <p>When using the <code>crypt()</code> algorithm, note that only the first |
| 8 characters of the password are used to form the password. If the supplied |
| password is longer, the extra characters will be silently discarded.</p> |
| |
| <p>The SHA encryption format does not use salting: for a given password, |
| there is only one encrypted representation. The <code>crypt()</code> and |
| MD5 formats permute the representation by prepending a random salt string, |
| to make dictionary attacks against the passwords more difficult.</p> |
| |
| <p>The SHA and <code>crypt()</code> formats are insecure by today's |
| standards.</p> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section id="restrictions"><title>Restrictions</title> |
| <p>On the Windows platform, passwords encrypted with |
| <code>htpasswd</code> are limited to no more than <code>255</code> |
| characters in length. Longer passwords will be truncated to 255 |
| characters.</p> |
| |
| <p>The MD5 algorithm used by <code>htpasswd</code> is specific to the Apache |
| software; passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web |
| servers.</p> |
| |
| <p>Usernames are limited to <code>255</code> bytes and may not include the |
| character <code>:</code>.</p> |
| </section> |
| |
| </manualpage> |