2.4.x/docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en - httpd - Git at Google

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 <div class="toplang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div>

     <p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by
     Apache.</p>
   </div>
 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li>
 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2>

     <p>There are five formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication
     passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p>

     <dl>
        <dt>bcrypt</dt>
        <dd>"$2y$" + the result of the crypt_blowfish algorithm.
        See the APR source file
        <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/crypt_blowfish.c?view=markup">crypt_blowfish.c</a>
        for the details of the algorithm.</dd>

        <dt>MD5</dt>
        <dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an
        iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a
        random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file
        <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a>
        for the details of the algorithm.</dd>

        <dt>SHA1</dt>
        <dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password. Insecure.</dd>

        <dt>CRYPT</dt>
        <dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function
        with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8
        characters of the password. Insecure.</dd>

        <dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt>
        <dd>Windows &amp; Netware only. Insecure.</dd>
     </dl>

     <h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3>

       <div class="example"><h3>bcrypt</h3><p><code>
       $ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword<br />
       myName:$2y$05$c4WoMPo3SXsafkva.HHa6uXQZWr7oboPiC2bT/r7q1BB8I2s0BRqC
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
       $ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br />
       myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code>
       $ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br />
       myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE=
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
       $ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br />
       myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA
       </code></p></div>


     <h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL
              command-line program</h3>


       <p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p>

       <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
       $ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br />
       $apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
       openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br />
       qQ5vTYO3c8dsU
       </code></p></div>


     <h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command
              line program</h3>

       <p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to
       a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
       <code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p>

       <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
       $ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br />
       Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br />
       rqXexS6ZhobKA
       </code></p></div>

       <p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of
       <code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the
       first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p>

       <p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the
       following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars).
       To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
       <code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p>

       <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
       $ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br />
       $apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
       </code></p></div>


     <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
       <p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD
       authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly
       available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords
       that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p>

       <p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various
       languages:</p>

       <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
       '{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
       "{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes()))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
       "{SHA}" &amp; ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex"))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
       require 'digest/sha1'<br />
       require 'base64'<br />
       '{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code>
       Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>Python</h3><p><code>
       import base64<br />
       import hashlib<br />
       "{SHA}" + format(base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(password).digest()))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions
                installed)</h3><p><code>

         '{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64')
       </code></p></div>


   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2>
     <p>Apache recognizes one format for
     digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string
     <code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal
     digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the
     <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in
     httpd.conf.</p>

     <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>

       <p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can
       populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache
       digest authentication.</p>

       <p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various
       languages:</p>

       <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
       md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password)
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
       byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br />
       java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br />
       String s = bi.toString(16);<br />
       while (s.length() &lt; 32)<br />
       <span class="indent">
         s = "0" + s;
       </span>
       // String s is the encrypted password
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
       LCase(Hash( (user &amp; ":" &amp; realm &amp; ":" &amp; password) , "MD5"))
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
       require 'digest/md5'<br />
       Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password)
       </code></p></div>

       <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code>

         encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex')
       </code></p></div>


   </div></div>
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	<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
	<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
	<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
	<div id="path">
	<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1>
	<div class="toplang">
	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a> \|
	<a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
	</div>

	<p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by
	Apache.</p>
	</div>
	<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li>
	</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2>

	<p>There are five formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication
	passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p>

	<dl>
	<dt>bcrypt</dt>
	<dd>"$2y$" + the result of the crypt_blowfish algorithm.
	See the APR source file
	<a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/crypt_blowfish.c?view=markup">crypt_blowfish.c</a>
	for the details of the algorithm.</dd>

	<dt>MD5</dt>
	<dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an
	iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a
	random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file
	<a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a>
	for the details of the algorithm.</dd>

	<dt>SHA1</dt>
	<dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password. Insecure.</dd>

	<dt>CRYPT</dt>
	<dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function
	with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8
	characters of the password. Insecure.</dd>

	<dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt>
	<dd>Windows & Netware only. Insecure.</dd>
	</dl>

	<h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3>

	<div class="example"><h3>bcrypt</h3><p><code>
	$ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword<br />
	myName:$2y$05$c4WoMPo3SXsafkva.HHa6uXQZWr7oboPiC2bT/r7q1BB8I2s0BRqC
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
	$ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br />
	myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code>
	$ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br />
	myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE=
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
	$ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br />
	myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA
	</code></p></div>



	<h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL
	command-line program</h3>


	<p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p>

	<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
	$ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br />
	$apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
	openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br />
	qQ5vTYO3c8dsU
	</code></p></div>


	<h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command
	line program</h3>

	<p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to
	a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
	<code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p>

	<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
	$ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br />
	Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br />
	rqXexS6ZhobKA
	</code></p></div>

	<p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of
	<code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the
	first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p>

	<p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the
	following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars).
	To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
	<code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p>

	<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
	$ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br />
	$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
	</code></p></div>


	<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
	<p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD
	authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly
	available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords
	that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p>

	<p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various
	languages:</p>

	<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
	'{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
	"{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes()))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
	"{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex"))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
	require 'digest/sha1'<br />
	require 'base64'<br />
	'{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code>
	Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>Python</h3><p><code>
	import base64<br />
	import hashlib<br />
	"{SHA}" + format(base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(password).digest()))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions
	installed)</h3><p><code>

	'{SHA}'\|\|encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64')
	</code></p></div>


	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2>
	<p>Apache recognizes one format for
	digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string
	<code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal
	digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the
	<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in
	httpd.conf.</p>

	<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>

	<p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can
	populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache
	digest authentication.</p>

	<p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various
	languages:</p>

	<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
	md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password)
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
	byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br />
	java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br />
	String s = bi.toString(16);<br />
	while (s.length() < 32)<br />
	<span class="indent">
	s = "0" + s;
	</span>
	// String s is the encrypted password
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
	LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5"))
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
	require 'digest/md5'<br />
	Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password)
	</code></p></div>

	<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code>

	encode(digest( user \|\| ':' \|\| realm \|\| ':' \|\| password , 'md5'), 'hex')
	</code></p></div>


	</div></div>
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