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<!DOCTYPE manualpage SYSTEM "../style/manualpage.dtd">
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<manualpage metafile="perf-tuning.xml.meta">
<parentdocument href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</parentdocument>
<title>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼º´ÉÇâ»ó</title>
<summary>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ±â´É°ú Æ÷Æð¡´É¼º°ú ¼º´ÉÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¸Âµµ·Ï
¼³°èÇÑ ¹ü¿ë À¥¼­¹öÀÌ´Ù. º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© ±â·ÏÀ» ¼¼¿ì±âÀ§ÇØ ¼³°èÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ½ÇÁ¦ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ³ôÀº ¼º´ÉÀ» ³½´Ù.</p>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3°ú ºñ±³Çؼ­ 2.0 ¹öÀüÀº 󸮷®°ú È®À强(scalability)À»
³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ¸¹Àº ÃÖÀûÈ­¸¦ Çß´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐ ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÑ
°ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÄÄÆÄÀϽà ȤÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¼º´É¿¡
Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»óÇϱâÀ§ÇØ
¼­¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¼³Á¤
¿É¼ÇÀº À¥¼­¹ö°¡ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ´õ Àß È°¿ëÇϵµ·Ï
ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¾î¶² ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼Óµµ¸¦ À§ÇØ ±â´ÉÀ» Èñ»ýÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</summary>
<section id="hardware">
<title>Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>
<p>À¥¼­¹ö ¼º´É¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Ù. ½º¿ÒÀº
¿äû´ç Áö¿¬½Ã°£À» »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ "ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£´Ù°í" »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô
´Ã¸®±â¶§¹®¿¡ À¥¼­¹ö´Â ½º¿ÒÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ´À·ÁÁö¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â
Á¤ÁöÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© ºÎÇÏ°¡ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. <directive
module="mpm_common">MaxClients</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿©
À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ½º¿ÒÀ» ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¸¹Àº ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ¸¸µéÁö¾Êµµ·Ï Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù. ¹æ¹ýÀº °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù: <code>top</code>°ú °°Àº µµ±¸¿¡¼­
ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¸ñ·ÏÀ» º¸°í ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Æò±Õ ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®À»
¾Ë¾Æ³½ÈÄ, Àüü »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ
°ø°£À» »« °ª¿¡¼­ ³ª´«´Ù.</p>
<p>³ª¸ÓÁö´Â Æò¹üÇÏ´Ù: ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ CPU, ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ ³×Æ®¿÷Ä«µå,
ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ µð½ºÅ©, ¿©±â¼­ "ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥"Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» Çؼ­ °áÁ¤Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦´Â º¸Åë °¢ÀÚ ¾Ë¾Æ¼­ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù°í ÆǸíµÈ ¸î°¡Áö ÁöħÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ÃֽŠ¾ÈÁ¤ ¹öÀü°ú ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
¸¹Àº ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ Á¦ÀÛ»ç´Â ÃÖ±Ù TCP ½ºÅðú ¾²·¹µå ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡
¸¹Àº ¼ÓµµÇâ»óÀ» Çß´Ù.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>sendfile(2)</code> ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é, À̸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¹öÀüÀ̳ª ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö
È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸®´ª½º¶ó¸é 2.4 ÀÌ»ó ¹öÀüÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
Solaris 8 Ãʱ⠹öÀüÀº ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.) Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó¸é
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2´Â <code>sendfile</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© CPU¸¦ ´ú
»ç¿ëÇϸç Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´õ »¡¸® Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÕ´Ù.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="runtime">
<title>½ÇÇà½Ã ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>
<related>
<modulelist>
<module>mod_dir</module>
<module>mpm_common</module>
<module>mod_status</module>
</modulelist>
<directivelist>
<directive module="core">AllowOverride</directive>
<directive module="mod_dir">DirectoryIndex</directive>
<directive module="core">HostnameLookups</directive>
<directive module="core">EnableMMAP</directive>
<directive module="core">EnableSendfile</directive>
<directive module="core">KeepAliveTimeout</directive>
<directive module="prefork">MaxSpareServers</directive>
<directive module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>
<directive module="core">Options</directive>
<directive module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive>
</directivelist>
</related>
<section id="dns">
<title>HostnameLookups¿Í DNS¿¡ ´ëÇØ °í·ÁÇÒ Á¡µé</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡ <directive
module="core">HostnameLookups</directive>ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀº
<code>On</code>ÀÌ¿´´Ù. ¿äûÀ» ¸¶Ä¡±âÀü¿¡ DNS °Ë»öÀÌ ³¡³ª¾ß
ÇϹǷΠ¿äû¸¶´Ù Áö¿¬ÀÌ »ý°å´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ
±âº»°ªÀÌ <code>Off</code>·Î º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ·Á¸é ¿©·¯ ·Î±×ó¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Áß ÇϳªÀÎ,
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ <a
href="../programs/logresolve.html"><code>logresolve</code></a>
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.</p>
<p>·Î±×ó¸® ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼­¹ö ¼º´É¿¡ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÈÄó¸®Çϱæ
¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>
<p><code><directive module="mod_access">Allow</directive>
from domain</code>À̳ª <code><directive
module="mod_access">Deny</directive> from domain</code>
Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é (Áï, IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ̳ª µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é) ºÎµæÀÌ Áߺ¹-¿ª DNS °Ë»öÀ» (¿ª°Ë»öÀ» ÇÑÈÄ ¾ÇÀÇ·Î
º¯°æµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ´Ù½Ã °Ë»ö) ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
¼º´ÉÀ» ³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ·± Áö½Ã¾î¿¡´Â °¡´ÉÇϸé À̸§´ë½Å IP
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p><code>&lt;Location /server-status&gt;</code> ¼½¼Ç µîÀ¸·Î
Áö½Ã¾îÀÇ Àû¿ë¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇ϶ó. ÀÌ °æ¿ì
Á¶°Ç¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¿äû¿¡¸¸ DNS Á¶È¸¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº
<code>.html</code>°ú <code>.cgi</code> ÆÄÀϸ¸ DNS °Ë»öÀ»
ÇÏ´Â ¿¹Á¦´Ù:</p>
<example>
HostnameLookups off<br />
&lt;Files ~ "\.(html|cgi)$"&gt;<br />
<indent>
HostnameLookups on<br />
</indent>
&lt;/Files&gt;
</example>
<p>±×·¯³ª CGI¿¡¼­ DNS¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀ̶ó¸é, ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ¯Á¤
CGI¿¡¼­¸¸ <code>gethostbyname</code> È£ÃâÀ» Çϵµ·Ï °í·ÁÇغ¼
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="symlinks">
<title>FollowSymLinks¿Í SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</title>
<p>URL °ø°£¿¡¼­ <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code>¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏÁö¾Ê°í <code>Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ½Éº¼¸µÅ©¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
Çѹø ´õ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄÀϸíÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐ¸¶´Ù Çѹø¾¿ ´õ È£ÃâÀ»
ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°°í:</p>
<example>
DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
&lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
<indent>
Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch<br />
</indent>
&lt;/Directory&gt;
</example>
<p><code>/index.html</code> URI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
±×·¯¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â <code>/www</code>, <code>/www/htdocs</code>,
<code>/www/htdocs/index.html</code> °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇØ
<code>lstat(2)</code>¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. <code>lstats</code>
°á°ú¸¦ ij½ÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡ ¿äûÀÌ µé¾î¿Ã ¶§¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø °°Àº
ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÂ¥ ½Éº¼¸µÅ© º¸¾È °Ë»ç¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<example>
DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
&lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
<indent>
Options FollowSymLinks<br />
</indent>
&lt;/Directory&gt;<br />
<br />
&lt;Directory /www/htdocs&gt;<br />
<indent>
Options -FollowSymLinks +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch<br />
</indent>
&lt;/Directory&gt;
</example>
<p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ <directive
module="core">DocumentRoot</directive> °æ·Î´Â °Ë»çÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. DocumentRoot ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ·Î·Î <directive
module="mod_alias">Alias</directive>³ª <directive
module="mod_rewrite">RewriteRule</directive>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ
°æ¿ì¿¡µµ À§¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¼½¼ÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ½Éº¼¸µÅ© º¸¾ÈÀ»
°í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é,
<code>FollowSymLinks</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í,
<code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>´Â Àý´ë·Î ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="htacess">
<title>AllowOverride</title>
<p>URL °ø°£¿¡¼­ overrides¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é (º¸Åë
<code>.htaccess</code> ÆÄÀÏ) ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÆÄÀϸíÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐ¸¶´Ù
<code>.htaccess</code>¸¦ ¿­±æ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î,</p>
<example>
DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
&lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
<indent>
AllowOverride all<br />
</indent>
&lt;/Directory&gt;
</example>
<p><code>/index.html</code> URI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â <code>/.htaccess</code>, <code>/www/.htaccess</code>,
<code>/www/htdocs/.htaccess</code>¸¦ ¿­·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¾ÕÀÇ <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code> °æ¿ì¿Í
ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Ç×»ó
<code>AllowOverride None</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="negotiation">
<title>³»¿ëÇù»ó</title>
<p>°¡´ÉÇÏ°í ÁøÂ¥ Á¶±ÝÀÇ ¼º´ÉÇâ»ó¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÇù»óÀ»
¸·´Â´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î Çù»óÀÇ À̵æÀº ¼º´ÉÀúÇϺ¸´Ù ÀÛ´Ù. ¼­¹ö¸¦
ºü¸£°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å:</p>
<example>
DirectoryIndex index
</example>
<p>¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù:</p>
<example>
DirectoryIndex index.cgi index.pl index.shtml index.html
</example>
<p>°¡Àå ÈçÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ µÐ´Ù.</p>
<p>¶Ç, µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ã´Â <code>MultiViews</code>
º¸´Ù´Â, ÇÑ ÆÄÀϸ¸ ÀÐÀ¸¸é ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
<code>type-map</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ºü¸§À»
¸í½ÉÇ϶ó.</p>
<p>»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ³»¿ëÇù»óÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é Çù»óÀ» À§ÇØ <code>Options
MultiViews</code> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⺸´Ù <code>type-map</code>
ÆÄÀÏÀ» °í·ÁÇ϶ó. Çù»ó¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸í°ú
<code>type-map</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº <a
href="../content-negotiation.html">³»¿ëÇù»ó</a> ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀ (memory-mapping)</title>
<p>¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, server-side-include¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â µî ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡
2.0ÀÌ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐÀ»¶§ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>mmap(2)</code>
µîÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>¿©·¯ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÀ» ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»óÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÀÌ ¼­¹öÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¶³¾îÆ®¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ»
ÇØÄ¡´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>¾î¶² ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡¼­ <code>mmap</code>Àº CPU °³¼ö°¡
¸¹¾ÆÁú¶§ <code>read(2)</code> ¸¸Å­ È®À强ÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ Solaris ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº
Á¾Á¾ <code>mmap</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶§ ¼­¹ö°¡ ó¸®ÇÑ
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´õ »¡¸® Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>NFS ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÑ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â
µµÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ NFS Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ ÆÄÀÏÀ»
Áö¿ì°Å³ª ÆÄÀÏÅ©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀ̸é, À¥¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ ´ÙÀ½
¹ø¿¡ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÑ ÆÄÀϳ»¿ëÀ» ÀÐÀ»¶§ bus error°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>À§ÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϸé Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÏÁö
¾Êµµ·Ï <code>EnableMMAP off</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ:
ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î´Â µð·ºÅ丮º°·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Sendfile</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>sendfile(2)</code>À» Áö¿øÇϸé
Ä¿³Î sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© -- ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ¶§
-- Àü¼ÛÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á÷Á¢ ÀÐÁö¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>¿©·¯ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé read¿Í send¸¦ µû·Î
ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾î¼­ »¡¶óÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé
À¥¼­¹öÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ÇØÄ¡°ÔµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>sendfile Áö¿øÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÀÌÁ¡À»
¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Ç÷¡ÆûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­
½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© sendfile Áö¿øÀÌ À߸øµÈ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î
°¡Á®¿Â °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ä¿³ÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NFS·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ»
¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>À§ÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϸé ÆÄÀÏÀ» sendfile Àü¼ÛÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï
<code>EnableSendfile off</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ:
ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î´Â µð·ºÅ丮º°·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)</p>
</section>
<section id="process">
<title>ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ý¼º</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â <directive
module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>, <directive
module="prefork">MaxSpareServers</directive>, <directive
module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive> ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ
º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© °á°ú¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÀÛ¾÷À»
¼­ºñ½ºÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÃæºÐÇÑ Àڽļö¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¦ ¶§±îÁö "µµ´Þ" ±â°£ÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. óÀ½ <directive
module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive>°³ ÀÚ½ÄÀ»
¸¸µçÈÄ, <directive module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>
¼³Á¤°ª±îÁö ÃÊ´ç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» Çϳª¾¿ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ <directive
module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive> ±âº»°ªÀÌ
<code>5</code>ÀÎ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® 100°³°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϸé
ºÎÇϸ¦ ó¸®Çϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ¸¸µé±â±îÁö 95ÃÊ°¡ °É·È´Ù.
ÀÚÁÖ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸, 10ºÐ°£¸¸
½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© °á°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ³ª»Ú°Ô ³ª¿Â´Ù.</p>
<p>ÃÊ´ç ÇÑ°³ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ÀÚ½ÄÀ» »õ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭 ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¹«¸®¸¦
ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í Á¤Çß´Ù. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú¸é
¿äûÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ Ã¼°¨
¼º´É¿¡ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾î º¯°æÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3¿¡¼­ ÃÊ´ç ÇÑ°³
±ÔÄ¢Àº ¿ÏÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÄÚµå´Â ÀÚ½Ä ÇÑ°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, 1ÃÊ ½¬°í,
µÎ°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, 1ÃÊ ½¬°í, ³×°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃÊ´ç
ÀÚ½ÄÀ» 32°³ ¸¸µé¶§±îÁö Áö¼ö·Î Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. Àڽļö°¡ <directive
module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive> ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£¸é
Áõ°¡¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¹ÝÀÀ¼Óµµ°¡ »¡¶óÁ®¼­ <directive module="prefork"
>MinSpareServers</directive>, <directive module="prefork"
>MaxSpareServers</directive>, <directive module="mpm_common"
>StartServers</directive>¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÏÃÊ¿¡
ÀÚ½ÄÀ» 4°³ ÀÌ»ó »ý¼ºÇϸé <directive
module="core">ErrorLog</directive>¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿À·ù¹®ÀÌ
¸¹ÀÌ º¸À̸é ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µéÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
<module>mod_status</module> °á°ú°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.</p>
<p>ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ý¼º°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© <directive
module="mpm_common">MaxRequestsPerChild</directive> ¼³Á¤Àº
ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº ÀڽĴç ó¸®ÇÒ ¿äû¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ
¾ø´Ù´Â <code>0</code>ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ÀÌ <code>30</code>°ú
°°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖ´Ù¸é, °ªÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ ³ôÈú ÇÊ¿ä°¡
ÀÖ´Ù. SunOS³ª ¿À·¡µÈ Solaris ¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸Þ¸ð¸®À¯Ã⶧¹®¿¡
ÀÌ °ªÀ» <code>10000</code> Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤Ç϶ó.</p>
<p>¿¬°áÀ¯Áö(keep-alive)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀڽĵéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¿­¸°
¿¬°á¿¡¼­ Ãß°¡ ¿äûÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡ °è¼Ó
¹Ù»Ú´Ù. <directive module="core">KeepAliveTimeout</directive>ÀÇ
±âº»°ª <code>15</code> ÃÊ´Â ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÑ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿÷
´ë¿ªÆø°ú ¼­¹ö ÀÚ¿ø °£ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¸Â°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. <a
href="http://www.research.digital.com/wrl/techreports/abstracts/95.4.html">
¿¬°áÀ¯ÁöÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ »ç¶óÁö±â¶§¹®¿¡</a> ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ
ÀÌ °ªÀ» <code>60</code> ÃÊ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¸®Áö ¸¶¶ó.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="compiletime">
<title>ÄÄÆÄÀϽà ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>
<section>
<title>MPM ¼±ÅÃ</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.x´Â <a href="../mpm.html">´ÙÁß󸮸ðµâ</a>
(MPMs)À̶ó´Â ±³Ã¼ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿±âÈ­ ¸ðµ¨À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦
ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ MPMÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. <module>beos</module>,
<module>mpm_netware</module>, <module>mpmt_os2</module>,
<module>mpm_winnt</module>¿Í °°ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Â MPMµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À¯´Ð½º·ù ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿©·¯ MPM
Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À¥¼­¹öÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿Í
È®À强(scalability)Àº ¾î¶² MPMÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇ߳Ŀ¡ ´Þ·È´Ù:</p>
<ul>
<li><module>worker</module> MPMÀº ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½Ä ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡
°¢°¢ ¿©·¯ ¾²·¹µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °¢ ¾²·¹µå´Â Çѹø¿¡ ÇÑ ¿¬°áÀ»
´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î worker´Â prefork MPM º¸´Ù ÀûÀº
¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠÅë½Å·®ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.</li>
<li><module>prefork</module> MPMÀº ¾²·¹µå°¡ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ ÀÚ½Ä
ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ¿©·¯°³ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °¢ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â Çѹø¿¡ ÇÑ
¿¬°áÀ» ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ preforkÀÇ ¼Óµµ´Â worker¿Í
ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­
¾²·¹µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â prefork ¹æ½ÄÀÌ worker¿¡ ºñÇØ
ÀÌÁ¡À» °¡Áø´Ù: ¾²·¹µå¿¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö (thread-safe) ¾ÊÀº
Á¦»ïÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µç ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¾²·¹µå µð¹ö±ë Áö¿øÀÌ
ºó¾àÇÑ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô µð¹ö±ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</li>
</ul>
<p>ÀÌ MPMµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ MPM¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â MPM <a
href="../mpm.html">¹®¼­</a>¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="modules">
<title>¸ðµâ</title>
<p>¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ ¼º´É¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀ̱⶧¹®¿¡
½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇغ¸ÀÚ. ¸ðµâÀ» <a
href="../dso.html">DSO</a>·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇß´Ù¸é °£´ÜÈ÷ ±×
¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ <directive
module="mod_so">LoadModule</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ÁÖ¼®Ã³¸®Çϸé
µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ¸ðµâ¾øÀ̵µ
Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´ÂÁö »ìÆ캼 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>¹Ý´ë·Î ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©µÇÀÖ´Ù¸é
¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>¿©±â¼­ ´ç¿¬È÷ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»Áö
Àǹ®ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. Á¤´äÀº À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¸¶µµ
<em>ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ</em> <module>mod_mime</module>,
<module>mod_dir</module>, <module>mod_log_config</module>
¸ðµâÀº »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù¸é
<code>mod_log_config</code>´Â ¾ø¾îµµ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃßõÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Atomic ¸í·É</title>
<p><module>mod_cache</module> °°Àº ¸ðµâ°ú ÃÖ±Ù °³¹ßÁßÀÎ
worker MPMÀº APRÀÇ atomic API¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ API´Â °æ·®±Þ
¾²·¹µå µ¿±âÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÒ atomic ¸í·ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº °¢ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦/CPU Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ
¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿©·¯ ÃÖ½Å
CPU¿¡´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î·Î atomic compare-and-swap (CAS) ¿¬»êÀ»
ÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ APRÀº ÀÌ·±
¸í·É¾î°¡ ¾ø´Â ¿À·¡µÈ CPU¿Í ȣȯ¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ´õ ´À¸° mutex±â¹Ý
±¸ÇöÀ» ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦
ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÃֽŠCPU¿¡¼­¸¸ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °èȹÀ̶ó¸é,
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§ <code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>
¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ºü¸¥ atomic ±¸ÇöÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<example>
./buildconf<br />
./configure --with-mpm=worker --enable-nonportable-atomics=yes
</example>
<p><code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code> ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°Àº Ç÷¡Æû¿¡ ¿µÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>
<ul>
<li>SPARC¿¡¼­ Solaris<br />
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº Solaris/SPARC¿¡¼­ mutex±â¹Ý atomicÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§
<code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
APRÀº ºü¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î compare-and-swapÀ» À§ÇÑ SPARC
v8plus ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé atomic
¸í·ÉÀÌ ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ (CPU¸¦ ´ú »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ´õ ³ôÀº
µ¿±âÈ­°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù), ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀº UltraSPARC
Ĩ¿¡¼­¸¸ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</li>
<li>Linux on x86<br />
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ mutex±â¹Ý atomicÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§
<code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
APRÀº ºü¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î compare-and-swapÀ» À§ÇÑ 486
¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ atomic ¸í·ÉÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸,
ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀº 486 ÀÌ»ó Ĩ¿¡¼­¸¸ (386Àº ¾ÈµÈ´Ù)
½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<title>mod_status¿Í ExtendedStatus On</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ <module>mod_status</module>¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í
½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§ <code>ExtendedStatus On</code>À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
¿äûÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù <code>gettimeofday(2)</code>(ȤÀº ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡
µû¶ó <code>times(2)</code>)¸¦ µÎ¹ø È£ÃâÇÏ°í (1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â)
<code>time(2)</code>µµ Ãß°¡·Î ¿©·¯¹ø È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. »óÅ º¸°í¼­¿¡
µ¿À۽ð£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é
(±âº»°ªÀÎ) <code>ExtendedStatus off</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>accept Á÷·ÄÈ­ - ¿©·¯ ¼ÒÄÏ</title>
<note type="warning"><title>ÁÖÀÇ:</title>
<p> ¾Æ·¡ ¹®¼­´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥¼­¹ö 2.0 ¹öÀü¿¡¼­ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀ»
´ã°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ À¯È¿ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÁÖÀÇÇؼ­
»ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>
</note>
<p>À¯´Ð½º ¼ÒÄÏ APIÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡À» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¿©·¯ Æ÷Æ®
ȤÀº ¿©·¯ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®±âÀ§ÇØ ¿©·¯ <directive
module="mpm_common">Listen</directive>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
¿¬°áÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑÁö °¢ ¼ÒÄÏÀ» °Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
<code>select(2)</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. <code>select(2)</code>´Â
¼ÒÄÏ¿¡ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¬°áÀÌ <em>¾ø´ÂÁö</em> ȤÀº <em>ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ
ÇÑ°³</em> ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ°í,
½¬°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬°áÀ» °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø·¡
±¸ÇöÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù (ÀÌ ¿¹´Â Äڵ忡¼­ °¡Á®¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
´ÜÁö ¼³¸íÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¿ëµµ·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.):</p>
<example>
for (;;) {<br />
<indent>
for (;;) {<br />
<indent>
fd_set accept_fds;<br />
<br />
FD_ZERO (&amp;accept_fds);<br />
for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
<indent>
FD_SET (i, &amp;accept_fds);<br />
</indent>
}<br />
rc = select (last_socket+1, &amp;accept_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);<br />
if (rc &lt; 1) continue;<br />
new_connection = -1;<br />
for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
<indent>
if (FD_ISSET (i, &amp;accept_fds)) {<br />
<indent>
new_connection = accept (i, NULL, NULL);<br />
if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
</indent>
}<br />
</indent>
}<br />
if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
</indent>
}<br />
process the new_connection;<br />
</indent>
}
</example>
<p>±×·¯³ª À§ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±¸Çö¿¡´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ °í°¥(starvation)
¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ ¹Ýº¹¹®À» ½ÇÇàÇϸé,
¿äûÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ¸ðµÎ <code>select</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃá´Ù. À̶§
¾î¶² ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡ ¿äûÀÌ Çϳª¶óµµ µé¾î¿À¸é ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ±ú¾î³­´Ù
(±ú¾î³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÄÀÇ °³¼ö´Â ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿Í ŸÀֿ̹¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù).
À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ¿¬°áÀ» <code>accept</code>ÇÏ±æ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
(¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÇÑ ¿¬°á¸¸ ´ë±âÁßÀ̶ó¸é) ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸ ¼º°øÇÏ°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â
<code>accept</code>¿¡¼­ <em>¸ØÃá´Ù.</em> ±×·¯¸é ÀÌ ÀڽĵéÀº
ÇÑ ¼ÒÄÏÀÇ ¿äû¸¸À» ¼­ºñ½ºÇϵµ·Ï ¹­¿©¼­, ±× ¼ÒÄÏÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î
¿äûÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ µé¾î¿Í¼­ ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ±ú¿ï¶§±îÁö Á¤ÁöÇØÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·± °í°¥ ¹®Á¦´Â <a
href="http://bugs.apache.org/index/full/467">PR#467</a>¿¡
óÀ½ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ µÎ°¡Áö ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>ÇÑ°¡Áö´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï (non-blocking) ¸¸µå´Â
¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ <code>accept</code>¸¦ Çصµ ¸ØÃßÁö
¾Ê°í, Áï½Ã ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª CPU ½Ã°£À» ³¶ºñÇÑ´Ù.
<code>select</code>¿¡¼­ ½¬´Â ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ 10°³ ÀÖ°í, »õ·Î ¿¬°áÀÌ
ÇÑ°³ µé¾î¿Ô´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. ±×·¯¸é ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÄÁß 9°³´Â ±ú¾î³ª¼­
¿¬°áÀ» <code>accept</code>ÇÏ±æ ½ÃµµÇÏ°í ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹«
Àϵµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ù½Ã <code>select</code>¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã
<code>select</code>·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö ¾î¶² Àڽĵµ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡
µé¾î¿Â ¿äûÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­)
½¬´Â ÀÚ½Ä °³¼ö¸¸Å­ CPU °³¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â µå¹® °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é
ÀÌ ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº º°·Î ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.</p>
<p>´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ³»ºÎ ¹Ýº¹¹®¿¡
ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸À» µé¿©º¸³½´Ù. ¹Ýº¹¹®Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù (Â÷À̸¦
°­Á¶ÇßÀ½):</p>
<example>
for (;;) {<br />
<indent>
<strong>accept_mutex_on ();</strong><br />
for (;;) {<br />
<indent>
fd_set accept_fds;<br />
<br />
FD_ZERO (&amp;accept_fds);<br />
for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
<indent>
FD_SET (i, &amp;accept_fds);<br />
</indent>
}<br />
rc = select (last_socket+1, &amp;accept_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);<br />
if (rc &lt; 1) continue;<br />
new_connection = -1;<br />
for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
<indent>
if (FD_ISSET (i, &amp;accept_fds)) {<br />
<indent>
new_connection = accept (i, NULL, NULL);<br />
if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
</indent>
}<br />
</indent>
}<br />
if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
</indent>
}<br />
<strong>accept_mutex_off ();</strong><br />
process the new_connection;<br />
</indent>
}
</example>
<p><code>accept_mutex_on</code>°ú <code>accept_mutex_off</code>
<a id="serialize" name="serialize">ÇÔ¼ö</a>´Â mutex ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦
±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. Çѹø¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸ÀÌ mutex¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
mutex¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±¸Çö ¹æ¹ýÀº (1.3
ÀÌÀü) <code>src/conf.h</code>³ª (1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ)
<code>src/include/ap_config.h</code>¿¡ Á¤ÀǵÇÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶²
¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ´Â Àá±Ý(locking) ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ·±
¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ <directive
module="mpm_common">Listen</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù.</p>
<p>½ÇÇà½Ã <directive
module="mpm_common">AcceptMutex</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
mutex ±¸ÇöÀ» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>AcceptMutex flock</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏÀ» Àá±×±âÀ§ÇØ <code>flock(2)</code>
½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù (Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡´Â <directive
module="mpm_common">LockFile</directive> Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤).</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>AcceptMutex fcntl</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏÀ» Àá±×±âÀ§ÇØ <code>fcntl(2)</code>
½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù (Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡´Â <directive
module="mpm_common">LockFile</directive> Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤).</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>AcceptMutex sysvsem</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>(1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» SysV½Ä ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
mutex¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ SysV½Ä ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î´Â ³ª»Û
ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ Á¤¸®ÇÏÁö
¾Ê°í Á×À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù (<code>ipcs(8)</code> manpage
Âü°í). ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â À¥¼­¹ö¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ uid·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â
CGI°¡ (<em>Áï,</em> <code>suexec</code>³ª
<code>cgiwrapper</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¸ðµç CGI)
¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î API¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼­ºñ½º°ÅºÎ°ø°ÝÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ IRIX¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­
ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ IRIX ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­
¾ÕÀÇ µÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¹ö°Ì´Ù).</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>AcceptMutex pthread</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>(1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº POSIX mutex¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⶧¹®¿¡
POSIX ¾²·¹µå ±Ô¾àÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃĶó¸é ¸ðµÎ
»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, (2.5 ÀÌÈÄ) Solaris¿¡¼­¸¸ ±×°Íµµ ƯÁ¤
±¸¼º¿¡¼­¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â µíÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ»´Ù¸é
¼­¹ö°¡ ¸ØÃç¼­ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¾ÈÇÏ´ÂÁö »ìÆìºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Àû
³»¿ë¸¸ ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â ¼­¹ö´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>AcceptMutex posixsem</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>(2.0°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº POSIX ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
mutex¸¦ °¡Áø ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¾²·¹µå°¡ Á״´ٸé(segfault)
¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀÌ È¸º¹µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¸ØÃá´Ù.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ À§ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¾ø´Â Á÷·ÄÈ­(serialization) ¹æ¹ýÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Äڵ带 APR¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>°í·Á´Â ÇغÃÁö¸¸ ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î
¹Ýº¹¹®À» Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ¸î°³¸¸ µé¿©º¸³»´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö À־
Á÷·ÄÈ­¶§¹®¿¡ Àüü ´ë¿ªÆøÀ» È°¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­
ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­¸¸ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á®º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캼 ºÎºÐÀÌÁö¸¸,
¸Å¿ì º´·ÄÈ­µÈ À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ÈçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³·´Ù.</p>
<p>ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ­´Â ¿©·¯ <directive
module="mpm_common">Listen</directive> ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °è¼Ó ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>accept Á÷·ÄÈ­ - ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÑ°³</title>
<p>¾ÕÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº ´ÙÁß¼ÒÄÏ ¼­¹ö¿¡´Â ÁÁÁö¸¸, ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ
¼­¹ö´Â ¾î¶²°¡? ¿¬°áÀÌ µµÂøÇÒ¶§±îÁö ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ
<code>accept(2)</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃçÀֱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·Ð»ó °°Àº
¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, °í°¥ ¹®Á¦µµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â
¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â (non-blocking) ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
"°øȸÀü(spinning)" Çö»óÀ» °¨Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ TCP ½ºÅÃÀº
¿¬°áÀÌ µµÂøÇϸé Ä¿³ÎÀÌ <code>accept</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃçÀÖ´Â
¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ±ú¿ìµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇÀÖ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÁß ÇÑ°³°¡ ¿¬°áÀ»
¾ò°í »ç¿ëÀÚ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ °øȸÀüÇÏ¿©
¿¬°áÀÌ ¾øÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é ´Ù½Ã ÀáÀ» ÀÜ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿µ¿ª Äڵ忡¼­´Â
ÀÌ·± °øȸÀüÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ´ÙÁß¼ÒÄÏÀÇ
´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÎÇϸ¦ ³ôÀÌ´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇൿÀÌ
ÀϾ´Ù.</p>
<p>±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ
Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏ¸é ´õ "Àß" µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
°æ¿ì ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ (Ä¿³Î 2.0.30,
128Mb ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ µà¾ó Pentium pro) ½ÇÇèÇÑ °á°ú ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÑ°³¸¦
Á÷·ÄÈ­Çϸé ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ ºñÇØ ÃÊ´ç ¿äûÀÌ 3% ¹Ì¸¸
ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì ¿äû´ç 100ms
Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿¬Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ LAN¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ±ä
¿¬°á¼±¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ °æ¿ì Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é <code>SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT</code>¸¦
Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Close Áö¿¬(lingering)</title>
<p><a
href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-connection-00.txt">
draft-ietf-http-connection-00.txt</a> 8Àý¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇϵíÀÌ
<strong>¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ</strong> À¥¼­¹ö°¡ µÇ·Á¸é, Åë½ÅÀÇ ¾ç ¹æÇâÀ»
µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÝÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù (TCP ¿¬°áÀº ½Ö¹æÇâÀÌ°í,
¹æÇâÀº ¼­·Î µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌ´Ù). ÀÌÁ¡À» ´Ù¸¥ ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚÁÖ
°£°úÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â 1.2ºÎÅÍ Á¤È®È÷ ±¸ÇöÇØ¿Ô´Ù.</p>
<p>ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÏ°Ô ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇßÀ»¶§ ¿©·¯ À¯´Ð½º
¹öÀü¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. TCP ±Ô¾àÀº
<code>FIN_WAIT_2</code>¿¡ ŸÀӾƿôÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
±ÝÁöÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ŸÀӾƿôÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.2´Â
¸¹Àº ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ <code>FIN_WAIT_2</code> »óÅ·Π¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦Àۻ簡 Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÃֽŠTCP/IP ÆÐÄ¡¸¦
Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¦Àۻ簡 ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ (<em>Áï,</em> SunOS4 -- ¼Ò½º ¶óÀ̼±½º°¡ ÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷Àº Á÷Á¢ ÆÐÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸) Àֱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¾Ê±â·Î °áÁ¤Çß´Ù.</p>
<p>¹æ¹ýÀº µÎ°¡Áö´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¼ÒÄÏ ¿É¼Ç <code>SO_LINGER</code>¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ TCP/IP ½ºÅÃÀº
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ±¸ÇöÇÑ ½ºÅÿ¡¼­
Á¶Â÷µµ (<em>Áï,</em> ¸®´ª½º 2.0.31) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¹æ¹ýº¸´Ù
´õ cpu¸¦ Àâ¾Æ¸Ô´Â´Ù.</p>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â º¸Åë (<code>http_main.c</code>¿¡ ÀÖ´Â)
<code>lingering_close</code>¶ó´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â
´ëÃæ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:</p>
<example>
void lingering_close (int s)<br />
{<br />
<indent>
char junk_buffer[2048];<br />
<br />
/* shutdown the sending side */<br />
shutdown (s, 1);<br />
<br />
signal (SIGALRM, lingering_death);<br />
alarm (30);<br />
<br />
for (;;) {<br />
<indent>
select (s for reading, 2 second timeout);<br />
if (error) break;<br />
if (s is ready for reading) {<br />
<indent>
if (read (s, junk_buffer, sizeof (junk_buffer)) &lt;= 0) {<br />
<indent>
break;<br />
</indent>
}<br />
/* just toss away whatever is here */<br />
</indent>
}<br />
</indent>
}<br />
<br />
close (s);<br />
</indent>
}
</example>
<p>ÀÌ ÄÚµå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ´ÝÀ»¶§ ´õ CPU¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ
±¸ÇöÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. HTTP/1.1ÀÌ ´õ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö°í ¸ðµç ¿¬°áÀ»
À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é(persistent), ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ´Â ºñ¿ëÀº ¿©·¯ ¿äûÀ»
ó¸®Çϸ鼭 »ó¼âµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§ÇèÇÏ°Ôµµ
<code>NO_LINGCLOSE</code>¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àý´ë·Î ±ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ƯÈ÷ HTTP/1.1
ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ <transnote>¿¬°áÀ¯Áö »óÅ¿¡¼­ ÀÀ´äÀ» ±â´Ù¸®Áö
¾Ê°í ¿©·¯ ¿äûÀ» º¸³»´Â ±â¼ú</transnote> ¿¬°áÀ¯Áö¿¡´Â
<code>lingering_close</code>°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù (±×¸®°í <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/Performance/Pipeline.html">
ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ ¿¬°áÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£±â¶§¹®¿¡</a> »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù).</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Scoreboard ÆÄÀÏ</title>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿Í ÀÚ½ÄÀº scoreboard¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼­·Î
Åë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î´Â scoreboard¸¦ °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®·Î ±¸ÇöÇؾß
ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® °³¹ßÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö Àְųª »ó¼¼ÇÑ
Æ÷Æà °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÞÀº °æ¿ì º¸Åë °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
³ª¸ÓÁö´Â µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¿¡
ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀº ´À¸®°í ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù (±â´Éµµ ´õ Àû´Ù).
<code>src/main/conf.h</code> ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃĸ¦
ã¾Æ¼­ <code>USE_MMAP_SCOREBOARD</code> ȤÀº
<code>USE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD</code>ÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. µÑÁß
Çϳª¸¦ (°¢°¢ ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÒ <code>HAVE_MMAP</code>À̳ª
<code>HAVE_SHMGET</code>µµ °°ÀÌ) Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¸é °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸® Äڵ带
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é
<code>src/main/http_main.c</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡¼­
°øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÈÅ(hook)À» Ãß°¡Ç϶ó. (¶ÇÇÑ
ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.)</p>
<note>¿ª»çÀû ¼³¸í: ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹öÀüÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.2 ¹öÀüºÎÅÍ
°øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ Ãʱ⠾ÆÆÄÄ¡
¹öÀüÀÌ ´À¸®°í ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ¶³¾îÁ³±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.</note>
</section>
<section>
<title>DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT</title>
<p>¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀоîµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é (°¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶±ÝÀ̶óµµ
¼º´ÉÀ» ³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀоîµéÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù), ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§
<code>-DDYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=0</code>À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é
¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀоîµéÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Àý¾àÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="trace">
<title>ºÎ·Ï: ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·ÏÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ</title>
<p>´ÙÀ½Àº Solaris 8¿¡¼­ worker MPMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0.38ÀÇ
½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·Ï(trace)ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±â·ÏÀ»
¾ò¾ú´Ù:</p>
<example>
truss -l -p <var>httpd_child_pid</var>.
</example>
<p><code>-l</code> ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé truss´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
ÇÏ´Â LWP (lightweight process, °æ·®±Þ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º--SolarisÀÇ
Ä¿³Î¼öÁØ ¾²·¹µå) ID¸¦ °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡´Â <code>strace</code>, <code>ktrace</code>,
<code>par</code> °°Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ÃßÀû µµ±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °á°ú´Â
ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.</p>
<p>Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â À¥¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô Å©±â°¡ 10KBÀÎ Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
Á¤ÀûÀÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ³»¿ëÇù»óÇÏ´Â ¿äûÀ» ÇÑ °æ¿ì
±â·ÏÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£´Ù (¶§·Î´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â Èûµé´Ù).</p>
<example>
<pre>/67: accept(3, 0x00200BEC, 0x00200C0C, 1) (sleeping...)
/67: accept(3, 0x00200BEC, 0x00200C0C, 1) = 9</pre>
</example>
<p>À§¿¡¼­ ¿¬°á´ë±â(listener) ¾²·¹µå°¡ LWP #67¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàµÊÀ»
¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<note><code>accept(2)</code> Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó.
¿©·¯ Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®Áö¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì ÀÌ Ç÷¡ÆûÀÇ worker MPMÀº
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº accept¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</note>
<example>
<pre>/65: lwp_park(0x00000000, 0) = 0
/67: lwp_unpark(65, 1) = 0</pre>
</example>
<p>¿¬°áÀº ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í(accept) ¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå´Â
worker ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ±ú¿ö¼­ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­
¿äûÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â worker ¾²·¹µå°¡ LWP #65ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: getsockname(9, 0x00200BA4, 0x00200BC4, 1) = 0</pre>
</example>
<p>°¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ
Áö¿ª(local) ¼ÒÄÏ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (°¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¾Ê°Å³ª <directive module="mpm_common">Listen</directive>
Áö½Ã¾î¿¡ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì µî) ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì
ÀÌ È£ÃâÀ» ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ
¾ÈµÇÀÖ´Ù. </p>
<example>
<pre>/65: brk(0x002170E8) = 0
/65: brk(0x002190E8) = 0</pre>
</example>
<p><code>brk(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº Èü(heap)¿¡¼­ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
À¥¼­¹ö´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿äû 󸮽à ÀÚü ¸Þ¸ð¸®
ÇÒ´çÀÚ(<code>apr_pool</code>°ú <code>apr_bucket_alloc</code>)¸¦
»ç¿ëÇϱ⶧¹®¿¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» º¸±â°¡
µå¹°´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­ À¥¼­¹ö´Â ½ÃÀÛÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÀÚü ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´çÀÚ°¡
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ºí·ÏÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ <code>malloc(3)</code>À» È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: fcntl(9, F_GETFL, 0x00000000) = 2
/65: fstat64(9, 0xFAF7B818) = 0
/65: getsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 0xFAF7B910, 2190656) = 0
/65: fstat64(9, 0xFAF7B818) = 0
/65: getsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 0xFAF7B914, 2190656) = 0
/65: setsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 4, 2190656) = 0
/65: fcntl(9, F_SETFL, 0x00000082) = 0</pre>
</example>
<p>´ÙÀ½ worker ¾²·¹µå´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ ¿¬°á(ÆÄÀϱâ¼úÀÚ 9)À»
´ë±â¾ÈÇÔ(non-blocking) »óÅ·Π¹Ù²Û´Ù. <code>setsockopt(2)</code>¿Í
<code>getsockopt(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº SolarisÀÇ libc°¡ ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡
´ëÇÑ <code>fcntl(2)</code>À» ¾î¶»°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: read(9, " G E T / 1 0 k . h t m".., 8000) = 97</pre>
</example>
<p>worker ¾²·¹µå´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®·Î ºÎÅÍ ¿äûÀ» Àд´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: stat("/var/httpd/apache/httpd-8999/htdocs/10k.html", 0xFAF7B978) = 0
/65: open("/var/httpd/apache/httpd-8999/htdocs/10k.html", O_RDONLY) = 10</pre>
</example>
<p>À¥¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤Àº <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code>¿Í
<code>AllowOverride None</code>ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿äûÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ°æ·ÎÀÇ
°¢ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ´ëÇØ <code>lstat(2)</code>Çϰųª
<code>.htaccess</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»çÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀ»
°Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ, 1) ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, 2) µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀϹÝÆÄÀÏÀÎÁö,
<code>stat(2)</code> È£Ã⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: sendfilev(0, 9, 0x00200F90, 2, 0xFAF7B53C) = 10269</pre>
</example>
<p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì À¥¼­¹ö´Â ÇѹøÀÇ <code>sendfilev(2)</code> ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ·Î
HTTP ÀÀ´äÇì´õ¿Í ¿äûÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Sendfile Áö¿ø¿©ºÎ´Â
¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó¸é <code>sendfile(2)</code>À»
È£ÃâÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Çì´õ¸¦ º¸³»±âÀ§ÇØ <code>write(2)</code>³ª
<code>writev(2)</code> È£ÃâÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: write(4, " 1 2 7 . 0 . 0 . 1 - ".., 78) = 78</pre>
</example>
<p><code>write(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº Á¢±Ù·Î±×(access log)¿¡ ¿äûÀ»
±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡ <code>time(2)</code> È£ÃâÀÌ ¾øÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó.
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3°ú ´Þ¸® ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ½Ã°£À» ¾Ë±âÀ§ÇØ
<code>gettimeofday(3)</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
<code>gettimeofday</code>¸¦ ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÑ ¸®´ª½º¿Í Solaris °°Àº
¸î¸î ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡¼­´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ã⠺δãÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: shutdown(9, 1, 1) = 0
/65: poll(0xFAF7B980, 1, 2000) = 1
/65: read(9, 0xFAF7BC20, 512) = 0
/65: close(9) = 0</pre>
</example>
<p>worker ¾²·¹µå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» Áö¿¬´Ý±â(lingering close)ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/65: close(10) = 0
/65: lwp_park(0x00000000, 0) (sleeping...)</pre>
</example>
<p>¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î worker ¾²·¹µå´Â ¹æ±Ý Àü¼ÛÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ý°í,
¿¬°á´ë±â(listener) ¾²·¹µå°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¶§±îÁö
Á¤ÁöÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<pre>/67: accept(3, 0x001FEB74, 0x001FEB94, 1) (sleeping...)</pre>
</example>
<p>±×µ¿¾È ¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» (¸ðµç worker°¡ ÀÛ¾÷ÁßÀ̸é
¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ¸ØÃß´Â worker MPMÀÇ È帧Á¦¾î ±â´É¿¡ µû¶ó)
worker ¾²·¹µå¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡´Â ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, worker ¾²·¹µå°¡ ¹æ±Ý ¹ÞÀº ¿¬°áÀ»
ó¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ´ÙÀ½ <code>accept(2)</code>°¡ (¿äûÀÌ ¸Å¿ì
¸¹Àº °æ¿ì Ç×»ó) ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</section>
</manualpage>