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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE modulesynopsis SYSTEM "../style/modulesynopsis.dtd">
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../style/manual.xsl"?>
<modulesynopsis>
<name>mod_ssl</name>
<description>Strong cryptography using the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols</description>
<status>Extension</status>
<sourcefile>mod_ssl.c</sourcefile>
<identifier>ssl_module</identifier>
<summary>
<p>This module provides SSL v2/v3 and TLS v1 support for the Apache
HTTP Server. It was contributed by Ralf S. Engeschall based on his
mod_ssl project and originally derived from work by Ben Laurie.</p>
<p>This module relies on <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a>
to provide the cryptography engine.</p>
<p>Further details, discussion, and examples are provided in the
<a href="../ssl/">SSL documentation</a>.</p>
</summary>
<section id="ToC25"><title>Environment Variables</title>
<p>This module provides a lot of SSL information as additional environment
variables to the SSI and CGI namespace. The generated variables are listed in
the table below. For backward compatibility the information can
be made available under different names, too. Look in the <a
href="../ssl/ssl_compat.html">Compatibility</a> chapter for details on the
compatibility variables.</p>
<div align="center">
<a name="table4"></a>
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" summary="">
<caption align="bottom" id="sf">SSI/CGI Environment Variables</caption>
<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
<table width="598" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="">
<tr><td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="598" summary="">
<tr id="H">
<td><strong>Variable Name:</strong></td>
<td><strong>Value Type:</strong></td>
<td><strong>Description:</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>HTTPS</code></td> <td>flag</td> <td>HTTPS is being used.</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_PROTOCOL</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The SSL protocol version (SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1)</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SESSION_ID</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The hex-encoded SSL session id</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CIPHER</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The cipher specification name</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CIPHER_EXPORT</code></td> <td>string</td> <td><code>true</code> if cipher is an export cipher</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE</code></td> <td>number</td> <td>Number of cipher bits (actually used)</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CIPHER_ALGKEYSIZE</code></td> <td>number</td> <td>Number of cipher bits (possible)</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_VERSION_INTERFACE</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The mod_ssl program version</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_VERSION_LIBRARY</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The OpenSSL program version</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_M_VERSION</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The version of the client certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_M_SERIAL</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The serial of the client certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_S_DN</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Subject DN in client's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_</code><em>x509</em></td> <td>string</td> <td>Component of client's Subject DN</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_I_DN</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Issuer DN of client's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_</code><em>x509</em></td> <td>string</td> <td>Component of client's Issuer DN</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_V_START</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Validity of client's certificate (start time)</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_V_END</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Validity of client's certificate (end time)</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_A_SIG</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Algorithm used for the signature of client's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_A_KEY</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Algorithm used for the public key of client's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_CERT</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>PEM-encoded client certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_CERT_CHAIN</code><em>n</em></td> <td>string</td> <td>PEM-encoded certificates in client certificate chain</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY</code></td> <td>string</td> <td><code>NONE</code>, <code>SUCCESS</code>, <code>GENEROUS</code> or <code>FAILED:</code><em>reason</em></td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_M_VERSION</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The version of the server certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_M_SERIAL</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>The serial of the server certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_S_DN</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Subject DN in server's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_S_DN_</code><em>x509</em></td> <td>string</td> <td>Component of server's Subject DN</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_I_DN</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Issuer DN of server's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_I_DN_</code><em>x509</em></td> <td>string</td> <td>Component of server's Issuer DN</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_V_START</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Validity of server's certificate (start time)</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_V_END</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Validity of server's certificate (end time)</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_A_SIG</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Algorithm used for the signature of server's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_A_KEY</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>Algorithm used for the public key of server's certificate</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSL_SERVER_CERT</code></td> <td>string</td> <td>PEM-encoded server certificate</td></tr>
</table>
[ where <em>x509</em> is a component of a X.509 DN:
<code>C,ST,L,O,OU,CN,T,I,G,S,D,UID,Email</code> ]
</td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="ToC26"><title>Custom Log Formats</title>
<p>When <module>mod_ssl</module> is built into Apache or at least
loaded (under DSO situation) additional functions exist for the <a
href="../mod_log_config.html#formats">Custom Log Format</a> of
<module>mod_log_config</module>. First there is an
additional ``<code>%{</code><em>varname</em><code>}x</code>''
eXtension format function which can be used to expand any variables
provided by any module, especially those provided by mod_ssl which can
you find in the above table.</p>
<p>
For backward compatibility there is additionally a special
``<code>%{</code><em>name</em><code>}c</code>'' cryptography format function
provided. Information about this function is provided in the <a
href="../ssl/ssl_compat.html">Compatibility</a> chapter.</p>
<p>
Example:</p>
<example>
CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
</example>
</section>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLPassPhraseDialog</name>
<description>Type of pass phrase dialog for encrypted private
keys</description>
<syntax>SSLPassPhraseDialog <em>type</em></syntax>
<default>SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
When Apache starts up it has to read the various Certificate (see
<directive module="mod_ssl">SSLCertificateFile</directive>) and
Private Key (see <directive
module="mod_ssl">SSLCertificateKeyFile</directive>) files of the
SSL-enabled virtual servers. Because for security reasons the Private
Key files are usually encrypted, mod_ssl needs to query the
administrator for a Pass Phrase in order to decrypt those files. This
query can be done in two ways which can be configured by
<em>type</em>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>builtin</code>
<p>
This is the default where an interactive terminal dialog occurs at startup
time just before Apache detaches from the terminal. Here the administrator
has to manually enter the Pass Phrase for each encrypted Private Key file.
Because a lot of SSL-enabled virtual hosts can be configured, the
following reuse-scheme is used to minimize the dialog: When a Private Key
file is encrypted, all known Pass Phrases (at the beginning there are
none, of course) are tried. If one of those known Pass Phrases succeeds no
dialog pops up for this particular Private Key file. If none succeeded,
another Pass Phrase is queried on the terminal and remembered for the next
round (where it perhaps can be reused).</p>
<p>
This scheme allows mod_ssl to be maximally flexible (because for N encrypted
Private Key files you <em>can</em> use N different Pass Phrases - but then
you have to enter all of them, of course) while minimizing the terminal
dialog (i.e. when you use a single Pass Phrase for all N Private Key files
this Pass Phrase is queried only once).</p></li>
<li><code>exec:/path/to/program</code>
<p>
Here an external program is configured which is called at startup for each
encrypted Private Key file. It is called with two arguments (the first is
of the form ``<code>servername:portnumber</code>'', the second is either
``<code>RSA</code>'' or ``<code>DSA</code>''), which indicate for which
server and algorithm it has to print the corresponding Pass Phrase to
<code>stdout</code>. The intent is that this external program first runs
security checks to make sure that the system is not compromised by an
attacker, and only when these checks were passed successfully it provides
the Pass Phrase.</p>
<p>
Both these security checks, and the way the Pass Phrase is determined, can
be as complex as you like. Mod_ssl just defines the interface: an
executable program which provides the Pass Phrase on <code>stdout</code>.
Nothing more or less! So, if you're really paranoid about security, here
is your interface. Anything else has to be left as an exercise to the
administrator, because local security requirements are so different.</p>
<p>
The reuse-algorithm above is used here, too. In other words: The external
program is called only once per unique Pass Phrase.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>
Example:</p>
<example>
SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/local/apache/sbin/pp-filter
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLMutex</name>
<description>Semaphore for internal mutual exclusion of
operations</description>
<syntax>SSLMutex <em>type</em></syntax>
<default>SSLMutex none</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This configures the SSL engine's semaphore (aka. lock) which is used for mutual
exclusion of operations which have to be done in a synchronized way between the
pre-forked Apache server processes. This directive can only be used in the
global server context because it's only useful to have one global mutex.</p>
<p>
The following Mutex <em>types</em> are available:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>none</code>
<p>
This is the default where no Mutex is used at all. Use it at your own
risk. But because currently the Mutex is mainly used for synchronizing
write access to the SSL Session Cache you can live without it as long
as you accept a sometimes garbled Session Cache. So it's not recommended
to leave this the default. Instead configure a real Mutex.</p></li>
<li><code>file:/path/to/mutex</code>
<p>
This is the portable and (under Unix) always provided Mutex variant where
a physical (lock-)file is used as the Mutex. Always use a local disk
filesystem for <code>/path/to/mutex</code> and never a file residing on a
NFS- or AFS-filesystem. Note: Internally, the Process ID (PID) of the
Apache parent process is automatically appended to
<code>/path/to/mutex</code> to make it unique, so you don't have to worry
about conflicts yourself. Notice that this type of mutex is not available
under the Win32 environment. There you <em>have</em> to use the semaphore
mutex.</p></li>
<li><code>sem</code>
<p>
This is the most elegant but also most non-portable Mutex variant where a
SysV IPC Semaphore (under Unix) and a Windows Mutex (under Win32) is used
when possible. It is only available when the underlying platform
supports it.</p></li>
</ul>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLMutex file:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_mutex
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLRandomSeed</name>
<description>Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) seeding
source</description>
<syntax>SSLRandomSeed <em>context</em> <em>source</em>
[<em>bytes</em>]</syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This configures one or more sources for seeding the Pseudo Random Number
Generator (PRNG) in OpenSSL at startup time (<em>context</em> is
<code>startup</code>) and/or just before a new SSL connection is established
(<em>context</em> is <code>connect</code>). This directive can only be used
in the global server context because the PRNG is a global facility.</p>
<p>
The following <em>source</em> variants are available:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>builtin</code>
<p> This is the always available builtin seeding source. It's usage
consumes minimum CPU cycles under runtime and hence can be always used
without drawbacks. The source used for seeding the PRNG contains of the
current time, the current process id and (when applicable) a randomly
choosen 1KB extract of the inter-process scoreboard structure of Apache.
The drawback is that this is not really a strong source and at startup
time (where the scoreboard is still not available) this source just
produces a few bytes of entropy. So you should always, at least for the
startup, use an additional seeding source.</p></li>
<li><code>file:/path/to/source</code>
<p>
This variant uses an external file <code>/path/to/source</code> as the
source for seeding the PRNG. When <em>bytes</em> is specified, only the
first <em>bytes</em> number of bytes of the file form the entropy (and
<em>bytes</em> is given to <code>/path/to/source</code> as the first
argument). When <em>bytes</em> is not specified the whole file forms the
entropy (and <code>0</code> is given to <code>/path/to/source</code> as
the first argument). Use this especially at startup time, for instance
with an available <code>/dev/random</code> and/or
<code>/dev/urandom</code> devices (which usually exist on modern Unix
derivates like FreeBSD and Linux).</p>
<p>
<em>But be careful</em>: Usually <code>/dev/random</code> provides only as
much entropy data as it actually has, i.e. when you request 512 bytes of
entropy, but the device currently has only 100 bytes available two things
can happen: On some platforms you receive only the 100 bytes while on
other platforms the read blocks until enough bytes are available (which
can take a long time). Here using an existing <code>/dev/urandom</code> is
better, because it never blocks and actually gives the amount of requested
data. The drawback is just that the quality of the received data may not
be the best.</p>
<p>
On some platforms like FreeBSD one can even control how the entropy is
actually generated, i.e. by which system interrupts. More details one can
find under <em>rndcontrol(8)</em> on those platforms. Alternatively, when
your system lacks such a random device, you can use tool
like <a href="http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/">EGD</a>
(Entropy Gathering Daemon) and run it's client program with the
<code>exec:/path/to/program/</code> variant (see below) or use
<code>egd:/path/to/egd-socket</code> (see below).</p></li>
<li><code>exec:/path/to/program</code>
<p>
This variant uses an external executable
<code>/path/to/program</code> as the source for seeding the
PRNG. When <em>bytes</em> is specified, only the first
<em>bytes</em> number of bytes of its <code>stdout</code> contents
form the entropy. When <em>bytes</em> is not specified, the
entirety of the data produced on <code>stdout</code> form the
entropy. Use this only at startup time when you need a very strong
seeding with the help of an external program (for instance as in
the example above with the <code>truerand</code> utility you can
find in the mod_ssl distribution which is based on the AT&amp;T
<em>truerand</em> library). Using this in the connection context
slows down the server too dramatically, of course. So usually you
should avoid using external programs in that context.</p></li>
<li><code>egd:/path/to/egd-socket</code> (Unix only)
<p>
This variant uses the Unix domain socket of the
external Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) (see <a
href="http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/">http://www.lothar.com/tech
/crypto/</a>) to seed the PRNG. Use this if no random device exists
on your platform.</p></li>
</ul>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin<br />
SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random<br />
SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 1024<br />
SSLRandomSeed startup exec:/usr/local/bin/truerand 16<br />
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin<br />
SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random<br />
SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 1024<br />
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLSessionCache</name>
<description>Type of the global/inter-process SSL Session
Cache</description>
<syntax>SSLSessionCache <em>type</em></syntax>
<default>SSLSessionCache none</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This configures the storage type of the global/inter-process SSL Session
Cache. This cache is an optional facility which speeds up parallel request
processing. For requests to the same server process (via HTTP keep-alive),
OpenSSL already caches the SSL session information locally. But because modern
clients request inlined images and other data via parallel requests (usually
up to four parallel requests are common) those requests are served by
<em>different</em> pre-forked server processes. Here an inter-process cache
helps to avoid unneccessary session handshakes.</p>
<p>
The following two storage <em>type</em>s are currently supported:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>none</code>
<p>
This is the default and just disables the global/inter-process Session
Cache. There is no drawback in functionality, but a noticeable speed
penalty can be observed.</p></li>
<li><code>dbm:/path/to/datafile</code>
<p>
This makes use of a DBM hashfile on the local disk to synchronize the
local OpenSSL memory caches of the server processes. The slight increase
in I/O on the server results in a visible request speedup for your
clients, so this type of storage is generally recommended.</p></li>
<li><code>shm:/path/to/datafile</code>[<code>(</code><em>size</em><code>)</code>]
<p>
This makes use of a high-performance hash table (approx. <em>size</em> bytes
in size) inside a shared memory segment in RAM (established via
<code>/path/to/datafile</code>) to synchronize the local OpenSSL memory
caches of the server processes. This storage type is not available on all
platforms. See the mod_ssl <code>INSTALL</code> document for details on
how to build Apache+EAPI with shared memory support.</p></li>
</ul>
<example><title>Examples</title>
SSLSessionCache dbm:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_gcache_data<br />
SSLSessionCache shm:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_gcache_data(512000)
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLSessionCacheTimeout</name>
<description>Number of seconds before an SSL session expires
in the Session Cache</description>
<syntax>SSLSessionCacheTimeout <em>seconds</em></syntax>
<default>SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the timeout in seconds for the information stored in the
global/inter-process SSL Session Cache and the OpenSSL internal memory cache.
It can be set as low as 15 for testing, but should be set to higher
values like 300 in real life.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 600
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLEngine</name>
<description>SSL Engine Operation Switch</description>
<syntax>SSLEngine on|off</syntax>
<default>SSLEngine off</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive toggles the usage of the SSL/TLS Protocol Engine. This
is usually used inside a <directive module="core"
type="section">VirtualHost</directive> section to enable SSL/TLS for a
particular virtual host. By default the SSL/TLS Protocol Engine is
disabled for both the main server and all configured virtual hosts.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
&lt;VirtualHost _default_:443&gt;<br />
SSLEngine on<br />
...<br />
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLProtocol</name>
<description>Configure usable SSL protocol flavors</description>
<syntax>SSLProtocol [+|-]<em>protocol</em> ...</syntax>
<default>SSLProtocol all</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>
<usage><!-- XXX Why does this have an override and not .htaccess context? -->
<p>
This directive can be used to control the SSL protocol flavors mod_ssl should
use when establishing its server environment. Clients then can only connect
with one of the provided protocols.</p>
<p>
The available (case-insensitive) <em>protocol</em>s are:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>SSLv2</code>
<p>
This is the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, version 2.0. It is the
original SSL protocol as designed by Netscape Corporation.</p></li>
<li><code>SSLv3</code>
<p>
This is the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, version 3.0. It is the
successor to SSLv2 and the currently (as of February 1999) de-facto
standardized SSL protocol from Netscape Corporation. It's supported by
almost all popular browsers.</p></li>
<li><code>TLSv1</code>
<p>
This is the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, version 1.0. It is the
successor to SSLv3 and currently (as of February 1999) still under
construction by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It's still
not supported by any popular browsers.</p></li>
<li><code>All</code>
<p>
This is a shortcut for ``<code>+SSLv2 +SSLv3 +TLSv1</code>'' and a
convinient way for enabling all protocols except one when used in
combination with the minus sign on a protocol as the example above
shows.</p></li>
</ul>
<example><title>Example</title>
# enable SSLv3 and TLSv1, but not SSLv2<br />
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCipherSuite</name>
<description>Cipher Suite available for negotiation in SSL
handshake</description>
<syntax>SSLCipherSuite <em>cipher-spec</em></syntax>
<default>SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>AuthConfig</override>
<usage>
<p>
This complex directive uses a colon-separated <em>cipher-spec</em> string
consisting of OpenSSL cipher specifications to configure the Cipher Suite the
client is permitted to negotiate in the SSL handshake phase. Notice that this
directive can be used both in per-server and per-directory context. In
per-server context it applies to the standard SSL handshake when a connection
is established. In per-directory context it forces a SSL renegotation with the
reconfigured Cipher Suite after the HTTP request was read but before the HTTP
response is sent.</p>
<p>
An SSL cipher specification in <em>cipher-spec</em> is composed of 4 major
attributes plus a few extra minor ones:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Key Exchange Algorithm</em>:<br />
RSA or Diffie-Hellman variants.
</li>
<li><em>Authentication Algorithm</em>:<br />
RSA, Diffie-Hellman, DSS or none.
</li>
<li><em>Cipher/Encryption Algorithm</em>:<br />
DES, Triple-DES, RC4, RC2, IDEA or none.
</li>
<li><em>MAC Digest Algorithm</em>:<br />
MD5, SHA or SHA1.
</li>
</ul>
<p>An SSL cipher can also be an export cipher and is either a SSLv2 or SSLv3/TLSv1
cipher (here TLSv1 is equivalent to SSLv3). To specify which ciphers to use,
one can either specify all the Ciphers, one at a time, or use aliases to
specify the preference and order for the ciphers (see <a href="#table1">Table
1</a>).</p>
<div align="center">
<a name="table1"></a>
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" summary="">
<caption align="bottom" id="sf">Table 1: OpenSSL Cipher Specification Tags</caption>
<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
<table width="598" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="">
<tr><td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="598" summary="">
<tr id="D"><td><strong>Tag</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td colspan="2"><em>Key Exchange Algorithm:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>kRSA</code></td> <td>RSA key exchange</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>kDHr</code></td> <td>Diffie-Hellman key exchange with RSA key</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>kDHd</code></td> <td>Diffie-Hellman key exchange with DSA key</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>kEDH</code></td> <td>Ephemeral (temp.key) Diffie-Hellman key exchange (no cert)</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td colspan="2"><em>Authentication Algorithm:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>aNULL</code></td> <td>No authentication</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>aRSA</code></td> <td>RSA authentication</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>aDSS</code></td> <td>DSS authentication</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>aDH</code></td> <td>Diffie-Hellman authentication</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td colspan="2"><em>Cipher Encoding Algorithm:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>eNULL</code></td> <td>No encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>DES</code></td> <td>DES encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>3DES</code></td> <td>Triple-DES encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>RC4</code></td> <td>RC4 encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>RC2</code></td> <td>RC2 encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>IDEA</code></td> <td>IDEA encoding</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td colspan="2"><em>MAC Digest Algorithm</em>:</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>MD5</code></td> <td>MD5 hash function</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SHA1</code></td> <td>SHA1 hash function</td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SHA</code></td> <td>SHA hash function</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td colspan="2"><em>Aliases:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>SSLv2</code></td> <td>all SSL version 2.0 ciphers</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>SSLv3</code></td> <td>all SSL version 3.0 ciphers</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>TLSv1</code></td> <td>all TLS version 1.0 ciphers</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP</code></td> <td>all export ciphers</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EXPORT40</code></td> <td>all 40-bit export ciphers only</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXPORT56</code></td> <td>all 56-bit export ciphers only</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>LOW</code></td> <td>all low strength ciphers (no export, single DES)</td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>MEDIUM</code></td> <td>all ciphers with 128 bit encryption</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>HIGH</code></td> <td>all ciphers using Triple-DES</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>RSA</code></td> <td>all ciphers using RSA key exchange</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>DH</code></td> <td>all ciphers using Diffie-Hellman key exchange</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EDH</code></td> <td>all ciphers using Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman key exchange</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>ADH</code></td> <td>all ciphers using Anonymous Diffie-Hellman key exchange</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>DSS</code></td> <td>all ciphers using DSS authentication</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>NULL</code></td> <td>all ciphers using no encryption</td> </tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<p>
Now where this becomes interesting is that these can be put together
to specify the order and ciphers you wish to use. To speed this up
there are also aliases (<code>SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, EXP, LOW, MEDIUM,
HIGH</code>) for certain groups of ciphers. These tags can be joined
together with prefixes to form the <em>cipher-spec</em>. Available
prefixes are:</p>
<ul>
<li>none: add cipher to list</li>
<li><code>+</code>: add ciphers to list and pull them to current location in list</li>
<li><code>-</code>: remove cipher from list (can be added later again)</li>
<li><code>!</code>: kill cipher from list completely (can <strong>not</strong> be added later again)</li>
</ul>
<p>A simpler way to look at all of this is to use the ``<code>openssl ciphers
-v</code>'' command which provides a nice way to successively create the
correct <em>cipher-spec</em> string. The default <em>cipher-spec</em> string
is ``<code>ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP</code>'' which
means the following: first, remove from consideration any ciphers that do not
authenticate, i.e. for SSL only the Anonymous Diffie-Hellman ciphers. Next,
use ciphers using RC4 and RSA. Next include the high, medium and then the low
security ciphers. Finally <em>pull</em> all SSLv2 and export ciphers to the
end of the list.</p>
<example>
<pre>
$ openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP'
NULL-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=None Mac=SHA1
NULL-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=None Mac=MD5
EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1
... ... ... ... ...
EXP-RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA(512) Au=RSA Enc=RC4(40) Mac=MD5 export
EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 SSLv2 Kx=RSA(512) Au=RSA Enc=RC2(40) Mac=MD5 export
EXP-RC4-MD5 SSLv2 Kx=RSA(512) Au=RSA Enc=RC4(40) Mac=MD5 export
</pre>
</example>
<p>The complete list of particular RSA &amp; DH ciphers for SSL is given in <a
href="#table2">Table 2</a>.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCipherSuite RSA:!EXP:!NULL:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW
</example>
<div align="center">
<a name="table2"></a>
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" summary="">
<caption align="bottom" id="sf">Table 2: Particular SSL Ciphers</caption>
<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
<table width="598" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="">
<tr><td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="598" summary="">
<tr id="D"><td><strong>Cipher-Tag</strong></td> <td><strong>Protocol</strong></td> <td><strong>Key Ex.</strong></td> <td><strong>Auth.</strong></td> <td><strong>Enc.</strong></td> <td><strong>MAC</strong></td> <td><strong>Type</strong></td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td colspan="7"><em>RSA Ciphers:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>DES-CBC3-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>3DES(168)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>DES-CBC3-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>3DES(168)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>IDEA-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>IDEA(128)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>RC4-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(128)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(128)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>IDEA-CBC-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>IDEA(128)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>RC2-CBC-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC2(128)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(128)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>DES(56)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>RC4-64-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(64)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>DES-CBC-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>DES(56)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>DES(40)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC2(40)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP-RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(40)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC2(40)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP-RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv2</td> <td>RSA(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RC4(40)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>NULL-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>None</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>NULL-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>None</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td colspan="7"><em>Diffie-Hellman Ciphers:</em></td></tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>None</td> <td>3DES(168)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>ADH-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>None</td> <td>DES(56)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>ADH-RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>None</td> <td>RC4(128)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td>&nbsp; </td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>3DES(168)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>DSS</td> <td>3DES(168)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>DES(56)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH</td> <td>DSS</td> <td>DES(56)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH(512)</td> <td>RSA</td> <td>DES(40)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH(512)</td> <td>DSS</td> <td>DES(40)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="D"><td><code>EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH(512)</td> <td>None</td> <td>DES(40)</td> <td>SHA1</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
<tr id="H"><td><code>EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5</code></td> <td>SSLv3</td> <td>DH(512)</td> <td>None</td> <td>RC4(40)</td> <td>MD5</td> <td> export</td> </tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCertificateFile</name>
<description>Server PEM-encoded X.509 Certificate file</description>
<syntax>SSLCertificateFile <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive points to the PEM-encoded Certificate file for the server and
optionally also to the corresponding RSA or DSA Private Key file for it
(contained in the same file). If the contained Private Key is encrypted the
Pass Phrase dialog is forced at startup time. This directive can be used up to
two times (referencing different filenames) when both a RSA and a DSA based
server certificate is used in parallel.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCertificateKeyFile</name>
<description>Server PEM-encoded Private Key file</description>
<syntax>SSLCertificateKeyFile <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive points to the PEM-encoded Private Key file for the
server. If the Private Key is not combined with the Certificate in the
<directive>SSLCertificateFile</directive>, use this additional directive to
point to the file with the stand-alone Private Key. When
<directive>SSLCertificateFile</directive> is used and the file
contains both the Certificate and the Private Key this directive need
not be used. But we strongly discourage this practice. Instead we
recommend you to separate the Certificate and the Private Key. If the
contained Private Key is encrypted, the Pass Phrase dialog is forced
at startup time. This directive can be used up to two times
(referencing different filenames) when both a RSA and a DSA based
private key is used in parallel.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.key/server.key
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCertificateChainFile</name>
<description>File of PEM-encoded Server CA Certificates</description>
<syntax>SSLCertificateChainFile <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the optional <em>all-in-one</em> file where you can
assemble the certificates of Certification Authorities (CA) which form the
certificate chain of the server certificate. This starts with the issuing CA
certificate of of the server certificate and can range up to the root CA
certificate. Such a file is simply the concatenation of the various
PEM-encoded CA Certificate files, usually in certificate chain order.</p>
<p>
This should be used alternatively and/or additionally to <directive
module="mod_ssl">SSLCACertificatePath</directive> for explicitly
constructing the server certificate chain which is sent to the browser
in addition to the server certificate. It is especially useful to
avoid conflicts with CA certificates when using client
authentication. Because although placing a CA certificate of the
server certificate chain into <directive
module="mod_ssl">SSLCACertificatePath</directive> has the same effect
for the certificate chain construction, it has the side-effect that
client certificates issued by this same CA certificate are also
accepted on client authentication. That's usually not one expect.</p>
<p>
But be careful: Providing the certificate chain works only if you are using a
<em>single</em> (either RSA <em>or</em> DSA) based server certificate. If you are
using a coupled RSA+DSA certificate pair, this will work only if actually both
certificates use the <em>same</em> certificate chain. Else the browsers will be
confused in this situation.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCACertificatePath</name>
<description>Directory of PEM-encoded CA Certificates for
Client Auth</description>
<syntax>SSLCACertificatePath <em>directory-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the directory where you keep the Certificates of
Certification Authorities (CAs) whose clients you deal with. These are used to
verify the client certificate on Client Authentication.</p>
<p>
The files in this directory have to be PEM-encoded and are accessed through
hash filenames. So usually you can't just place the Certificate files
there: you also have to create symbolic links named
<em>hash-value</em><code>.N</code>. And you should always make sure this directory
contains the appropriate symbolic links. Use the <code>Makefile</code> which
comes with mod_ssl to accomplish this task.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCACertificatePath /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCACertificateFile</name>
<description>File of concatenated PEM-encoded CA Certificates
for Client Auth</description>
<syntax>SSLCACertificateFile <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the <em>all-in-one</em> file where you can assemble the
Certificates of Certification Authorities (CA) whose <em>clients</em> you deal
with. These are used for Client Authentication. Such a file is simply the
concatenation of the various PEM-encoded Certificate files, in order of
preference. This can be used alternatively and/or additionally to
<directive module="mod_ssl">SSLCACertificatePath</directive>.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCACertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle-client.crt
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCARevocationPath</name>
<description>Directory of PEM-encoded CA CRLs for
Client Auth</description>
<syntax>SSLCARevocationPath <em>directory-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the directory where you keep the Certificate Revocation
Lists (CRL) of Certification Authorities (CAs) whose clients you deal with.
These are used to revoke the client certificate on Client Authentication.</p>
<p>
The files in this directory have to be PEM-encoded and are accessed through
hash filenames. So usually you have not only to place the CRL files there.
Additionally you have to create symbolic links named
<em>hash-value</em><code>.rN</code>. And you should always make sure this directory
contains the appropriate symbolic links. Use the <code>Makefile</code> which
comes with <module>mod_ssl</module> to accomplish this task.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCARevocationPath /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crl/
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLCARevocationFile</name>
<description>File of concatenated PEM-encoded CA CRLs for
Client Auth</description>
<syntax>SSLCARevocationFile <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the <em>all-in-one</em> file where you can
assemble the Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL) of Certification
Authorities (CA) whose <em>clients</em> you deal with. These are used
for Client Authentication. Such a file is simply the concatenation of
the various PEM-encoded CRL files, in order of preference. This can be
used alternatively and/or additionally to <directive
module="mod_ssl">SSLCARevocationPath</directive>.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLCARevocationFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle-client.crl
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLVerifyClient</name>
<description>Type of Client Certificate verification</description>
<syntax>SSLVerifyClient <em>level</em></syntax>
<default>SSLVerifyClient none</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>AuthConfig</override>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the Certificate verification level for the Client
Authentication. Notice that this directive can be used both in per-server and
per-directory context. In per-server context it applies to the client
authentication process used in the standard SSL handshake when a connection is
established. In per-directory context it forces a SSL renegotation with the
reconfigured client verification level after the HTTP request was read but
before the HTTP response is sent.</p>
<p>
The following levels are available for <em>level</em>:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>none</strong>:
no client Certificate is required at all</li>
<li><strong>optional</strong>:
the client <em>may</em> present a valid Certificate</li>
<li><strong>require</strong>:
the client <em>has to</em> present a valid Certificate</li>
<li><strong>optional_no_ca</strong>:
the client may present a valid Certificate<br />
but it need not to be (successfully) verifiable.</li>
</ul>
<p>In practice only levels <strong>none</strong> and
<strong>require</strong> are really interesting, because level
<strong>optional</strong> doesn't work with all browsers and level
<strong>optional_no_ca</strong> is actually against the idea of
authentication (but can be used to establish SSL test pages, etc.)</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLVerifyClient require
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLVerifyDepth</name>
<description>Maximum depth of CA Certificates in Client
Certificate verification</description>
<syntax>SSLVerifyDepth <em>number</em></syntax>
<default>SSLVerifyDepth 1</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>AuthConfig</override>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets how deeply mod_ssl should verify before deciding that the
clients don't have a valid certificate. Notice that this directive can be
used both in per-server and per-directory context. In per-server context it
applies to the client authentication process used in the standard SSL
handshake when a connection is established. In per-directory context it forces
a SSL renegotation with the reconfigured client verification depth after the
HTTP request was read but before the HTTP response is sent.</p>
<p>
The depth actually is the maximum number of intermediate certificate issuers,
i.e. the number of CA certificates which are max allowed to be followed while
verifying the client certificate. A depth of 0 means that self-signed client
certificates are accepted only, the default depth of 1 means the client
certificate can be self-signed or has to be signed by a CA which is directly
known to the server (i.e. the CA's certificate is under
<directive module="mod_ssl">SSLCACertificatePath</directive>), etc.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLVerifyDepth 10
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLLog</name>
<description>Where to write the dedicated SSL engine logfile</description>
<syntax>SSLLog <em>file-path</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the name of the dedicated SSL protocol engine logfile.
Error type messages are additionally duplicated to the general Apache error
log file (directive <code>ErrorLog</code>). Put this somewhere where it cannot
be used for symlink attacks on a real server (i.e. somewhere where only root
can write). If the <em>file-path</em> does not begin with a slash
('<code>/</code>') then it is assumed to be relative to the <em>Server
Root</em>. If <em>file-path</em> begins with a bar ('<code>|</code>') then the
following string is assumed to be a path to an executable program to which a
reliable pipe can be established. The directive should occur only once per
virtual server config.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLLog /usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_engine_log
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLLogLevel</name>
<description>Logging level for the dedicated SSL engine
logfile</description>
<syntax>SSLLogLevel <em>level</em></syntax>
<default>SSLLogLevel none</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<usage>
<p>
This directive sets the verbosity degree of the dedicated SSL protocol engine
logfile. The <em>level</em> is one of the following (in ascending order where
higher levels include lower levels):</p>
<ul>
<li><code>none</code><br />
no dedicated SSL logging is done, but messages of level
``<code>error</code>'' are still written to the general Apache error
logfile.
</li>
<li><code>error</code><br />
log messages of error type only, i.e. messages which show fatal situations
(processing is stopped). Those messages are also duplicated to the
general Apache error logfile.
</li>
<li><code>warn</code><br />
log also warning messages, i.e. messages which show non-fatal problems
(processing is continued).
</li>
<li><code>info</code><br />
log also informational messages, i.e. messages which show major
processing steps.
</li>
<li><code>trace</code><br />
log also trace messages, i.e. messages which show minor processing steps.
</li>
<li><code>debug</code><br />
log also debugging messages, i.e. messages which show development and
low-level I/O information.
</li>
</ul>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLLogLevel warn
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLOptions</name>
<description>Configure various SSL engine run-time options</description>
<syntax>SSLOptions [+|-]<em>option</em> ...</syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>
<usage>
<p>
This directive can be used to control various run-time options on a
per-directory basis. Normally, if multiple <code>SSLOptions</code>
could apply to a directory, then the most specific one is taken
completely; the options are not merged. However if <em>all</em> the
options on the <code>SSLOptions</code> directive are preceded by a
plus (<code>+</code>) or minus (<code>-</code>) symbol, the options
are merged. Any options preceded by a <code>+</code> are added to the
options currently in force, and any options preceded by a
<code>-</code> are removed from the options currently in force.</p>
<p>
The available <em>option</em>s are:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>StdEnvVars</code>
<p>
When this option is enabled, the standard set of SSL related CGI/SSI
environment variables are created. This per default is disabled for
performance reasons, because the information extraction step is a
rather expensive operation. So one usually enables this option for
CGI and SSI requests only.</p>
</li>
<li><code>CompatEnvVars</code>
<p>
When this option is enabled, additional CGI/SSI environment variables are
created for backward compatibility to other Apache SSL solutions. Look in
the <a href="../ssl/ssl_compat.html">Compatibility</a> chapter for details
on the particular variables generated.</p>
</li>
<li><code>ExportCertData</code>
<p>
When this option is enabled, additional CGI/SSI environment variables are
created: <code>SSL_SERVER_CERT</code>, <code>SSL_CLIENT_CERT</code> and
<code>SSL_CLIENT_CERT_CHAIN</code><em>n</em> (with <em>n</em> = 0,1,2,..).
These contain the PEM-encoded X.509 Certificates of server and client for
the current HTTPS connection and can be used by CGI scripts for deeper
Certificate checking. Additionally all other certificates of the client
certificate chain are provided, too. This bloats up the environment a
little bit which is why you have to use this option to enable it on
demand.</p>
</li>
<li><code>FakeBasicAuth</code>
<p>
When this option is enabled, the Subject Distinguished Name (DN) of the
Client X509 Certificate is translated into a HTTP Basic Authorization
username. This means that the standard Apache authentication methods can
be used for access control. The user name is just the Subject of the
Client's X509 Certificate (can be determined by running OpenSSL's
<code>openssl x509</code> command: <code>openssl x509 -noout -subject -in
</code><em>certificate</em><code>.crt</code>). Note that no password is
obtained from the user. Every entry in the user file needs this password:
``<code>xxj31ZMTZzkVA</code>'', which is the DES-encrypted version of the
word `<code>password</code>''. Those who live under MD5-based encryption
(for instance under FreeBSD or BSD/OS, etc.) should use the following MD5
hash of the same word: ``<code>$1$OXLyS...$Owx8s2/m9/gfkcRVXzgoE/</code>''.</p>
</li>
<li><code>StrictRequire</code>
<p>
This <em>forces</em> forbidden access when <code>SSLRequireSSL</code> or
<code>SSLRequire</code> successfully decided that access should be
forbidden. Usually the default is that in the case where a ``<code>Satisfy
any</code>'' directive is used, and other access restrictions are passed,
denial of access due to <code>SSLRequireSSL</code> or
<code>SSLRequire</code> is overridden (because that's how the Apache
<code>Satisfy</code> mechanism should work.) But for strict access restriction
you can use <code>SSLRequireSSL</code> and/or <code>SSLRequire</code> in
combination with an ``<code>SSLOptions +StrictRequire</code>''. Then an
additional ``<code>Satisfy Any</code>'' has no chance once mod_ssl has
decided to deny access.</p>
</li>
<li><code>OptRenegotiate</code>
<p>
This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
directives are used in per-directory context. By default a strict
scheme is enabled where <em>every</em> per-directory reconfiguration of
SSL parameters causes a <em>full</em> SSL renegotiation handshake. When this
option is used mod_ssl tries to avoid unnecessary handshakes by doing more
granular (but still safe) parameter checks. Nevertheless these granular
checks sometimes maybe not what the user expects, so enable this on a
per-directory basis only, please.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth -StrictRequire<br />
&lt;Files ~ "\.(cgi|shtml)$"&gt;<br />
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +CompatEnvVars -ExportCertData<br />
&lt;Files&gt;
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLRequireSSL</name>
<description>Deny access when SSL is not used for the
HTTP request</description>
<syntax>SSLRequireSSL</syntax>
<contextlist><context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>AuthConfig</override>
<usage>
<p><!-- XXX: I think the syntax is wrong -->
This directive forbids access unless HTTP over SSL (i.e. HTTPS) is enabled for
the current connection. This is very handy inside the SSL-enabled virtual
host or directories for defending against configuration errors that expose
stuff that should be protected. When this directive is present all requests
are denied which are not using SSL.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLRequireSSL
</example>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
<directivesynopsis>
<name>SSLRequire</name>
<description>Allow access only when an arbitrarily complex
boolean expression is true</description>
<syntax>SSLRequire <em>expression</em></syntax>
<contextlist><context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>AuthConfig</override>
<usage>
<p>
This directive specifies a general access requirement which has to be
fulfilled in order to allow access. It's a very powerful directive because the
requirement specification is an arbitrarily complex boolean expression
containing any number of access checks.</p>
<p>
The <em>expression</em> must match the following syntax (given as a BNF
grammar notation):</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>
expr ::= "<strong>true</strong>" | "<strong>false</strong>"
| "<strong>!</strong>" expr
| expr "<strong>&amp;&amp;</strong>" expr
| expr "<strong>||</strong>" expr
| "<strong>(</strong>" expr "<strong>)</strong>"
| comp
comp ::= word "<strong>==</strong>" word | word "<strong>eq</strong>" word
| word "<strong>!=</strong>" word | word "<strong>ne</strong>" word
| word "<strong>&lt;</strong>" word | word "<strong>lt</strong>" word
| word "<strong>&lt;=</strong>" word | word "<strong>le</strong>" word
| word "<strong>&gt;</strong>" word | word "<strong>gt</strong>" word
| word "<strong>&gt;=</strong>" word | word "<strong>ge</strong>" word
| word "<strong>in</strong>" "<strong>{</strong>" wordlist "<strong>}</strong>"
| word "<strong>=~</strong>" regex
| word "<strong>!~</strong>" regex
wordlist ::= word
| wordlist "<strong>,</strong>" word
word ::= digit
| cstring
| variable
| function
digit ::= [0-9]+
cstring ::= "..."
variable ::= "<strong>%{</strong>" varname "<strong>}</strong>"
function ::= funcname "<strong>(</strong>" funcargs "<strong>)</strong>"
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>while for <code>varname</code> any variable from <a
href="#table3">Table 3</a> can be used. Finally for
<code>funcname</code> the following functions are available:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>file(</code><em>filename</em><code>)</code>
<p>
This function takes one string argument and expands to the contents of the
file. This is especially useful for matching this contents against a
regular expression, etc.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice that <em>expression</em> is first parsed into an internal machine
representation and then evaluated in a second step. Actually, in Global and
Per-Server Class context <em>expression</em> is parsed at startup time and
at runtime only the machine representation is executed. For Per-Directory
context this is different: here <em>expression</em> has to be parsed and
immediately executed for every request.</p>
<example><title>Example</title>
SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)-/ \<br />
and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \<br />
and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \<br />
and %{TIME_WDAY} &gt;= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} &lt;= 5 \<br />
and %{TIME_HOUR} &gt;= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} &lt;= 20 ) \<br />
or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/
</example>
<div align="center">
<a name="table3"></a>
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" summary="">
<caption align="bottom" id="sf">Table 3: Available Variables for SSLRequire</caption>
<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
<table width="598" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="">
<tr><td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table summary=""><tr><td>
<em>Standard CGI/1.0 and Apache variables:</em>
<pre>
HTTP_USER_AGENT PATH_INFO AUTH_TYPE
HTTP_REFERER QUERY_STRING SERVER_SOFTWARE
HTTP_COOKIE REMOTE_HOST API_VERSION
HTTP_FORWARDED REMOTE_IDENT TIME_YEAR
HTTP_HOST IS_SUBREQ TIME_MON
HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION DOCUMENT_ROOT TIME_DAY
HTTP_ACCEPT SERVER_ADMIN TIME_HOUR
HTTP:headername SERVER_NAME TIME_MIN
THE_REQUEST SERVER_PORT TIME_SEC
REQUEST_METHOD SERVER_PROTOCOL TIME_WDAY
REQUEST_SCHEME REMOTE_ADDR TIME
REQUEST_URI REMOTE_USER ENV:<strong>variablename</strong>
REQUEST_FILENAME
</pre>
<em>SSL-related variables:</em>
<pre>
HTTPS SSL_CLIENT_M_VERSION SSL_SERVER_M_VERSION
SSL_CLIENT_M_SERIAL SSL_SERVER_M_SERIAL
SSL_PROTOCOL SSL_CLIENT_V_START SSL_SERVER_V_START
SSL_SESSION_ID SSL_CLIENT_V_END SSL_SERVER_V_END
SSL_CIPHER SSL_CLIENT_S_DN SSL_SERVER_S_DN
SSL_CIPHER_EXPORT SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_C SSL_SERVER_S_DN_C
SSL_CIPHER_ALGKEYSIZE SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_ST SSL_SERVER_S_DN_ST
SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_L SSL_SERVER_S_DN_L
SSL_VERSION_LIBRARY SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O SSL_SERVER_S_DN_O
SSL_VERSION_INTERFACE SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU SSL_SERVER_S_DN_OU
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN SSL_SERVER_S_DN_CN
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_T SSL_SERVER_S_DN_T
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_I SSL_SERVER_S_DN_I
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_G SSL_SERVER_S_DN_G
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_S SSL_SERVER_S_DN_S
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_D SSL_SERVER_S_DN_D
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_UID SSL_SERVER_S_DN_UID
SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_Email SSL_SERVER_S_DN_Email
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN SSL_SERVER_I_DN
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_C SSL_SERVER_I_DN_C
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_ST SSL_SERVER_I_DN_ST
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_L SSL_SERVER_I_DN_L
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_O SSL_SERVER_I_DN_O
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_OU SSL_SERVER_I_DN_OU
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_CN SSL_SERVER_I_DN_CN
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_T SSL_SERVER_I_DN_T
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_I SSL_SERVER_I_DN_I
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_G SSL_SERVER_I_DN_G
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_S SSL_SERVER_I_DN_S
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_D SSL_SERVER_I_DN_D
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_UID SSL_SERVER_I_DN_UID
SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_Email SSL_SERVER_I_DN_Email
SSL_CLIENT_A_SIG SSL_SERVER_A_SIG
SSL_CLIENT_A_KEY SSL_SERVER_A_KEY
SSL_CLIENT_CERT SSL_SERVER_CERT
SSL_CLIENT_CERT_CHAIN<strong>n</strong>
SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
</td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>
</modulesynopsis>