Build instructions for Hadoop

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Requirements:

* Unix System
* JDK 1.7+
* Maven 3.0 or later
* ProtocolBuffer 2.5.0
* CMake 2.6 or newer (if compiling native code), must be 3.0 or newer on Mac
* Zlib devel (if compiling native code)
* openssl devel (if compiling native hadoop-pipes and to get the best HDFS encryption performance)
* Linux FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) version 2.6 or above (if compiling fuse_dfs)
* Internet connection for first build (to fetch all Maven and Hadoop dependencies)

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The easiest way to get an environment with all the appropriate tools is by means
of the provided Docker config.
This requires a recent version of docker (1.4.1 and higher are known to work).

On Linux:
    Install Docker and run this command:

    $ ./start-build-env.sh

On Mac:
    First make sure Virtualbox and docker toolbox are installed.
    You can use docker toolbox as described in http://docs.docker.com/mac/step_one/.
    $ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox \
                            --virtualbox-memory "4096" hadoopdev
    $ eval $(docker-machine env hadoopdev)
    $ ./start-build-env.sh

The prompt which is then presented is located at a mounted version of the source tree
and all required tools for testing and building have been installed and configured.

Note that from within this docker environment you ONLY have access to the Hadoop source
tree from where you started. So if you need to run
    dev-support/bin/test-patch /path/to/my.patch
then the patch must be placed inside the hadoop source tree.

Known issues:
- On Mac with Boot2Docker the performance on the mounted directory is currently extremely slow.
  This is a known problem related to boot2docker on the Mac.
  See:
    https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/issues/593
  This issue has been resolved as a duplicate, and they point to a new feature for utilizing NFS mounts
  as the proposed solution:
    https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/issues/64
  An alternative solution to this problem is to install Linux native inside a virtual machine
  and run your IDE and Docker etc inside that VM.

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Installing required packages for clean install of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Desktop:

* Oracle JDK 1.7 (preferred)
  $ sudo apt-get purge openjdk*
  $ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
  $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
  $ sudo apt-get update
  $ sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
* Maven
  $ sudo apt-get -y install maven
* Native libraries
  $ sudo apt-get -y install build-essential autoconf automake libtool cmake zlib1g-dev pkg-config libssl-dev
* ProtocolBuffer 2.5.0 (required)
  $ sudo apt-get -y install protobuf-compiler

Optional packages:

* Snappy compression
  $ sudo apt-get install snappy libsnappy-dev
* Bzip2
  $ sudo apt-get install bzip2 libbz2-dev
* Jansson (C Library for JSON)
  $ sudo apt-get install libjansson-dev
* Linux FUSE
  $ sudo apt-get install fuse libfuse-dev
* ZStandard compression
    $ sudo apt-get install zstd

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Maven main modules:

  hadoop                            (Main Hadoop project)
         - hadoop-project           (Parent POM for all Hadoop Maven modules.             )
                                    (All plugins & dependencies versions are defined here.)
         - hadoop-project-dist      (Parent POM for modules that generate distributions.)
         - hadoop-annotations       (Generates the Hadoop doclet used to generated the Javadocs)
         - hadoop-assemblies        (Maven assemblies used by the different modules)
         - hadoop-common-project    (Hadoop Common)
         - hadoop-hdfs-project      (Hadoop HDFS)
         - hadoop-mapreduce-project (Hadoop MapReduce)
         - hadoop-tools             (Hadoop tools like Streaming, Distcp, etc.)
         - hadoop-dist              (Hadoop distribution assembler)

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Where to run Maven from?

  It can be run from any module. The only catch is that if not run from utrunk
  all modules that are not part of the build run must be installed in the local
  Maven cache or available in a Maven repository.

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Maven build goals:

 * Clean                     : mvn clean [-Preleasedocs]
 * Compile                   : mvn compile [-Pnative]
 * Run tests                 : mvn test [-Pnative]
 * Create JAR                : mvn package
 * Run findbugs              : mvn compile findbugs:findbugs
 * Run checkstyle            : mvn compile checkstyle:checkstyle
 * Install JAR in M2 cache   : mvn install
 * Deploy JAR to Maven repo  : mvn deploy
 * Run clover                : mvn test -Pclover [-DcloverLicenseLocation=${user.name}/.clover.license]
 * Run Rat                   : mvn apache-rat:check
 * Build javadocs            : mvn javadoc:javadoc
 * Build distribution        : mvn package [-Pdist][-Pdocs][-Psrc][-Pnative][-Dtar][-Preleasedocs]
 * Change Hadoop version     : mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=NEWVERSION

 Build options:

  * Use -Pnative to compile/bundle native code
  * Use -Pdocs to generate & bundle the documentation in the distribution (using -Pdist)
  * Use -Psrc to create a project source TAR.GZ
  * Use -Dtar to create a TAR with the distribution (using -Pdist)
  * Use -Preleasedocs to include the changelog and release docs (requires Internet connectivity)

 Snappy build options:

   Snappy is a compression library that can be utilized by the native code.
   It is currently an optional component, meaning that Hadoop can be built with
   or without this dependency.

  * Use -Drequire.snappy to fail the build if libsnappy.so is not found.
    If this option is not specified and the snappy library is missing,
    we silently build a version of libhadoop.so that cannot make use of snappy.
    This option is recommended if you plan on making use of snappy and want
    to get more repeatable builds.

  * Use -Dsnappy.prefix to specify a nonstandard location for the libsnappy
    header files and library files. You do not need this option if you have
    installed snappy using a package manager.
  * Use -Dsnappy.lib to specify a nonstandard location for the libsnappy library
    files.  Similarly to snappy.prefix, you do not need this option if you have
    installed snappy using a package manager.
  * Use -Dbundle.snappy to copy the contents of the snappy.lib directory into
    the final tar file. This option requires that -Dsnappy.lib is also given,
    and it ignores the -Dsnappy.prefix option. If -Dsnappy.lib isn't given, the
    bundling and building will fail.

 ZStandard build options:

   ZStandard is a compression library that can be utilized by the native code.
   It is currently an optional component, meaning that Hadoop can be built with
   or without this dependency.

  * Use -Drequire.zstd to fail the build if libzstd.so is not found.
    If this option is not specified and the zstd library is missing.

  * Use -Dzstd.prefix to specify a nonstandard location for the libzstd
    header files and library files. You do not need this option if you have
    installed zstandard using a package manager.

  * Use -Dzstd.lib to specify a nonstandard location for the libzstd library
    files.  Similarly to zstd.prefix, you do not need this option if you have
    installed using a package manager.

  * Use -Dbundle.zstd to copy the contents of the zstd.lib directory into
    the final tar file. This option requires that -Dzstd.lib is also given,
    and it ignores the -Dzstd.prefix option. If -Dzstd.lib isn't given, the
    bundling and building will fail.

 OpenSSL build options:

   OpenSSL includes a crypto library that can be utilized by the native code.
   It is currently an optional component, meaning that Hadoop can be built with
   or without this dependency.

  * Use -Drequire.openssl to fail the build if libcrypto.so is not found.
    If this option is not specified and the openssl library is missing,
    we silently build a version of libhadoop.so that cannot make use of
    openssl. This option is recommended if you plan on making use of openssl
    and want to get more repeatable builds.
  * Use -Dopenssl.prefix to specify a nonstandard location for the libcrypto
    header files and library files. You do not need this option if you have
    installed openssl using a package manager.
  * Use -Dopenssl.lib to specify a nonstandard location for the libcrypto library
    files. Similarly to openssl.prefix, you do not need this option if you have
    installed openssl using a package manager.
  * Use -Dbundle.openssl to copy the contents of the openssl.lib directory into
    the final tar file. This option requires that -Dopenssl.lib is also given,
    and it ignores the -Dopenssl.prefix option. If -Dopenssl.lib isn't given, the
    bundling and building will fail.

   Tests options:

  * Use -DskipTests to skip tests when running the following Maven goals:
    'package',  'install', 'deploy' or 'verify'
  * -Dtest=<TESTCLASSNAME>,<TESTCLASSNAME#METHODNAME>,....
  * -Dtest.exclude=<TESTCLASSNAME>
  * -Dtest.exclude.pattern=**/<TESTCLASSNAME1>.java,**/<TESTCLASSNAME2>.java
  * To run all native unit tests, use: mvn test -Pnative -Dtest=allNative
  * To run a specific native unit test, use: mvn test -Pnative -Dtest=<test>
  For example, to run test_bulk_crc32, you would use:
  mvn test -Pnative -Dtest=test_bulk_crc32

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Building components separately

If you are building a submodule directory, all the hadoop dependencies this
submodule has will be resolved as all other 3rd party dependencies. This is,
from the Maven cache or from a Maven repository (if not available in the cache
or the SNAPSHOT 'timed out').
An alternative is to run 'mvn install -DskipTests' from Hadoop source top
level once; and then work from the submodule. Keep in mind that SNAPSHOTs
time out after a while, using the Maven '-nsu' will stop Maven from trying
to update SNAPSHOTs from external repos.

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Protocol Buffer compiler

The version of Protocol Buffer compiler, protoc, must match the version of the
protobuf JAR.

If you have multiple versions of protoc in your system, you can set in your
build shell the HADOOP_PROTOC_PATH environment variable to point to the one you
want to use for the Hadoop build. If you don't define this environment variable,
protoc is looked up in the PATH.
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Importing projects to eclipse

When you import the project to eclipse, install hadoop-maven-plugins at first.

  $ cd hadoop-maven-plugins
  $ mvn install

Then, generate eclipse project files.

  $ mvn eclipse:eclipse -DskipTests

At last, import to eclipse by specifying the root directory of the project via
[File] > [Import] > [Existing Projects into Workspace].

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Building distributions:

Create binary distribution without native code and without documentation:

  $ mvn package -Pdist -DskipTests -Dtar -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true

Create binary distribution with native code and with documentation:

  $ mvn package -Pdist,native,docs -DskipTests -Dtar

Create source distribution:

  $ mvn package -Psrc -DskipTests

Create source and binary distributions with native code and documentation:

  $ mvn package -Pdist,native,docs,src -DskipTests -Dtar

Create a local staging version of the website (in /tmp/hadoop-site)

  $ mvn clean site -Preleasedocs; mvn site:stage -DstagingDirectory=/tmp/hadoop-site

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Installing Hadoop

Look for these HTML files after you build the document by the above commands.

  * Single Node Setup:
    hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html

  * Cluster Setup:
    hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ClusterSetup.html

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Handling out of memory errors in builds

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If the build process fails with an out of memory error, you should be able to fix
it by increasing the memory used by maven which can be done via the environment
variable MAVEN_OPTS.

Here is an example setting to allocate between 256 and 512 MB of heap space to
Maven

export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m"

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Building on Windows

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Requirements:

* Windows System
* JDK 1.7+
* Maven 3.0 or later
* ProtocolBuffer 2.5.0
* CMake 2.6 or newer
* Windows SDK 7.1 or Visual Studio 2010 Professional
* Windows SDK 8.1 (if building CPU rate control for the container executor)
* zlib headers (if building native code bindings for zlib)
* Internet connection for first build (to fetch all Maven and Hadoop dependencies)
* Unix command-line tools from GnuWin32: sh, mkdir, rm, cp, tar, gzip. These
  tools must be present on your PATH.
* Python ( for generation of docs using 'mvn site')

Unix command-line tools are also included with the Windows Git package which
can be downloaded from http://git-scm.com/downloads

If using Visual Studio, it must be Visual Studio 2010 Professional (not 2012).
Do not use Visual Studio Express.  It does not support compiling for 64-bit,
which is problematic if running a 64-bit system.  The Windows SDK 7.1 is free to
download here:

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8279

The Windows SDK 8.1 is available to download at:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/bg162891.aspx

Cygwin is neither required nor supported.

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Building:

Keep the source code tree in a short path to avoid running into problems related
to Windows maximum path length limitation (for example, C:\hdc).

Run builds from a Windows SDK Command Prompt. (Start, All Programs,
Microsoft Windows SDK v7.1, Windows SDK 7.1 Command Prompt).

JAVA_HOME must be set, and the path must not contain spaces. If the full path
would contain spaces, then use the Windows short path instead.

You must set the Platform environment variable to either x64 or Win32 depending
on whether you're running a 64-bit or 32-bit system. Note that this is
case-sensitive. It must be "Platform", not "PLATFORM" or "platform".
Environment variables on Windows are usually case-insensitive, but Maven treats
them as case-sensitive. Failure to set this environment variable correctly will
cause msbuild to fail while building the native code in hadoop-common.

set Platform=x64 (when building on a 64-bit system)
set Platform=Win32 (when building on a 32-bit system)

Several tests require that the user must have the Create Symbolic Links
privilege.

All Maven goals are the same as described above with the exception that
native code is built by enabling the 'native-win' Maven profile. -Pnative-win
is enabled by default when building on Windows since the native components
are required (not optional) on Windows.

If native code bindings for zlib are required, then the zlib headers must be
deployed on the build machine. Set the ZLIB_HOME environment variable to the
directory containing the headers.

set ZLIB_HOME=C:\zlib-1.2.7

At runtime, zlib1.dll must be accessible on the PATH. Hadoop has been tested
with zlib 1.2.7, built using Visual Studio 2010 out of contrib\vstudio\vc10 in
the zlib 1.2.7 source tree.

http://www.zlib.net/

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Building distributions:

 * Build distribution with native code    : mvn package [-Pdist][-Pdocs][-Psrc][-Dtar]

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Running compatibility checks with checkcompatibility.py

Invoke `./dev-support/bin/checkcompatibility.py` to run Java API Compliance Checker
to compare the public Java APIs of two git objects. This can be used by release
managers to compare the compatibility of a previous and current release.

As an example, this invocation will check the compatibility of interfaces annotated as Public or LimitedPrivate:

./dev-support/bin/checkcompatibility.py --annotation org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience.Public --annotation org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience.LimitedPrivate --include "hadoop.*" branch-2.7.2 trunk