branch-2.0.4-alpha/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/src/site/apt/ServiceLevelAuth.apt.vm

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  Service Level Authorization Guide
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  ${maven.build.timestamp}

Service Level Authorization Guide

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* Purpose

   This document describes how to configure and manage Service Level
   Authorization for Hadoop.

* Prerequisites

   Make sure Hadoop is installed, configured and setup correctly. For more
   information see:
     * Single Node Setup for first-time users.
     * Cluster Setup for large, distributed clusters.

* Overview

   Service Level Authorization is the initial authorization mechanism to
   ensure clients connecting to a particular Hadoop service have the
   necessary, pre-configured, permissions and are authorized to access the
   given service. For example, a MapReduce cluster can use this mechanism
   to allow a configured list of users/groups to submit jobs.

   The <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-policy.xml>>> configuration file is used to
   define the access control lists for various Hadoop services.

   Service Level Authorization is performed much before to other access
   control checks such as file-permission checks, access control on job
   queues etc.

* Configuration

   This section describes how to configure service-level authorization via
   the configuration file <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-policy.xml>>>.

** Enable Service Level Authorization

   By default, service-level authorization is disabled for Hadoop. To
   enable it set the configuration property hadoop.security.authorization
   to true in <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/core-site.xml>>>.

** Hadoop Services and Configuration Properties

   This section lists the various Hadoop services and their configuration
   knobs:

*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|| Property                           || Service
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.client.protocol.acl          | ACL for ClientProtocol, which is used by user code via the DistributedFileSystem.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.client.datanode.protocol.acl | ACL for ClientDatanodeProtocol, the client-to-datanode protocol for block recovery.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.datanode.protocol.acl        | ACL for DatanodeProtocol, which is used by datanodes to communicate with the namenode.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.inter.datanode.protocol.acl  | ACL for InterDatanodeProtocol, the inter-datanode protocol for updating generation timestamp.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.namenode.protocol.acl        | ACL for NamenodeProtocol, the protocol used by the secondary namenode to communicate with the namenode.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.inter.tracker.protocol.acl   | ACL for InterTrackerProtocol, used by the tasktrackers to communicate with the jobtracker.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.job.submission.protocol.acl  | ACL for JobSubmissionProtocol, used by job clients to communciate with the jobtracker for job submission, querying job status etc.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.task.umbilical.protocol.acl  | ACL for TaskUmbilicalProtocol, used by the map and reduce tasks to communicate with the parent tasktracker.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.refresh.policy.protocol.acl  | ACL for RefreshAuthorizationPolicyProtocol, used by the dfsadmin and mradmin commands to refresh the security policy in-effect.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
security.ha.service.protocol.acl      | ACL for HAService protocol used by HAAdmin to manage the active and stand-by states of namenode.
*-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

** Access Control Lists

   <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-policy.xml>>> defines an access control list for
   each Hadoop service. Every access control list has a simple format:

   The list of users and groups are both comma separated list of names.
   The two lists are separated by a space.

   Example: <<<user1,user2 group1,group2>>>.

   Add a blank at the beginning of the line if only a list of groups is to
   be provided, equivalently a comman-separated list of users followed by
   a space or nothing implies only a set of given users.

   A special value of <<<*>>> implies that all users are allowed to access the
   service.

** Refreshing Service Level Authorization Configuration

   The service-level authorization configuration for the NameNode and
   JobTracker can be changed without restarting either of the Hadoop
   master daemons. The cluster administrator can change
   <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-policy.xml>>> on the master nodes and instruct
   the NameNode and JobTracker to reload their respective configurations
   via the <<<-refreshServiceAcl>>> switch to <<<dfsadmin>>> and <<<mradmin>>> commands
   respectively.

   Refresh the service-level authorization configuration for the NameNode:

----
   $ bin/hadoop dfsadmin -refreshServiceAcl
----

   Refresh the service-level authorization configuration for the
   JobTracker:

----
   $ bin/hadoop mradmin -refreshServiceAcl
----

   Of course, one can use the <<<security.refresh.policy.protocol.acl>>>
   property in <<<${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-policy.xml>>> to restrict access to
   the ability to refresh the service-level authorization configuration to
   certain users/groups.

** Examples

   Allow only users <<<alice>>>, <<<bob>>> and users in the <<<mapreduce>>> group to submit
   jobs to the MapReduce cluster:

----
<property>
     <name>security.job.submission.protocol.acl</name>
     <value>alice,bob mapreduce</value>
</property>
----

   Allow only DataNodes running as the users who belong to the group
   datanodes to communicate with the NameNode:

----
<property>
     <name>security.datanode.protocol.acl</name>
     <value>datanodes</value>
</property>
----

   Allow any user to talk to the HDFS cluster as a DFSClient:

----
<property>
     <name>security.client.protocol.acl</name>
     <value>*</value>
</property>
----