<!--- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file. -->

HDFS Commands Guide

Overview
User Commands
Administration Commands
Debug Commands
- verify
- recoverLease

Overview

All HDFS commands are invoked by the bin/hdfs script. Running the hdfs script without any arguments prints the description for all commands.

Usage: hdfs [SHELL_OPTIONS] COMMAND [GENERIC_OPTIONS] [COMMAND_OPTIONS]

Hadoop has an option parsing framework that employs parsing generic options as well as running classes.

COMMAND_OPTIONS	Description
SHELL_OPTIONS	The common set of shell options. These are documented on the Commands Manual page.
GENERIC_OPTIONS	The common set of options supported by multiple commands. See the Hadoop Commands Manual for more information.
COMMAND COMMAND_OPTIONS	Various commands with their options are described in the following sections. The commands have been grouped into User Commands and Administration Commands.

User Commands

Commands useful for users of a hadoop cluster.

`classpath`

Usage: hdfs classpath [--glob |--jar <path> |-h |--help]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`--glob`	expand wildcards
`--jar` path	write classpath as manifest in jar named path
`-h`, `--help`	print help

Prints the class path needed to get the Hadoop jar and the required libraries. If called without arguments, then prints the classpath set up by the command scripts, which is likely to contain wildcards in the classpath entries. Additional options print the classpath after wildcard expansion or write the classpath into the manifest of a jar file. The latter is useful in environments where wildcards cannot be used and the expanded classpath exceeds the maximum supported command line length.

`dfs`

Usage: hdfs dfs [COMMAND [COMMAND_OPTIONS]]

Run a filesystem command on the file system supported in Hadoop. The various COMMAND_OPTIONS can be found at File System Shell Guide.

`fetchdt`

Usage: hdfs fetchdt <opts> <token_file_path>

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`--webservice` NN_Url	Url to contact NN on (starts with http or https)
`--renewer` name	Name of the delegation token renewer
`--cancel`	Cancel the delegation token
`--renew`	Renew the delegation token. Delegation token must have been fetched using the --renewer name option.
`--print`	Print the delegation token
token_file_path	File path to store the token into.

Gets Delegation Token from a NameNode. See fetchdt for more info.

`fsck`

Usage:

   hdfs fsck <path>
          [-list-corruptfileblocks |
          [-move | -delete | -openforwrite]
          [-files [-blocks [-locations | -racks | -replicaDetails]]]
          [-includeSnapshots] [-showprogress]
          [-storagepolicies] [-blockId <blk_Id>]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
path	Start checking from this path.
`-delete`	Delete corrupted files.
`-files`	Print out files being checked.
`-files` `-blocks`	Print out the block report
`-files` `-blocks` `-locations`	Print out locations for every block.
`-files` `-blocks` `-racks`	Print out network topology for data-node locations.
`-files` `-blocks` `-replicaDetails`	Print out each replica details.
`-includeSnapshots`	Include snapshot data if the given path indicates a snapshottable directory or there are snapshottable directories under it.
`-list-corruptfileblocks`	Print out list of missing blocks and files they belong to.
`-move`	Move corrupted files to /lost+found.
`-openforwrite`	Print out files opened for write.
`-showprogress`	Print out dots for progress in output. Default is OFF (no progress).
`-storagepolicies`	Print out storage policy summary for the blocks.
`-blockId`	Print out information about the block.

Runs the HDFS filesystem checking utility. See fsck for more info.

`getconf`

Usage:

   hdfs getconf -namenodes
   hdfs getconf -secondaryNameNodes
   hdfs getconf -backupNodes
   hdfs getconf -includeFile
   hdfs getconf -excludeFile
   hdfs getconf -nnRpcAddresses
   hdfs getconf -confKey [key]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-namenodes`	gets list of namenodes in the cluster.
`-secondaryNameNodes`	gets list of secondary namenodes in the cluster.
`-backupNodes`	gets list of backup nodes in the cluster.
`-includeFile`	gets the include file path that defines the datanodes that can join the cluster.
`-excludeFile`	gets the exclude file path that defines the datanodes that need to decommissioned.
`-nnRpcAddresses`	gets the namenode rpc addresses
`-confKey` [key]	gets a specific key from the configuration

Gets configuration information from the configuration directory, post-processing.

`groups`

Usage: hdfs groups [username ...]

Returns the group information given one or more usernames.

`lsSnapshottableDir`

Usage: hdfs lsSnapshottableDir [-help]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-help`	print help

Get the list of snapshottable directories. When this is run as a super user, it returns all snapshottable directories. Otherwise it returns those directories that are owned by the current user.

`jmxget`

Usage: hdfs jmxget [-localVM ConnectorURL | -port port | -server mbeanserver | -service service]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-help`	print help
`-localVM` ConnectorURL	connect to the VM on the same machine
`-port` mbean server port	specify mbean server port, if missing it will try to connect to MBean Server in the same VM
`-service`	specify jmx service, either DataNode or NameNode, the default

Dump JMX information from a service.

`oev`

Usage: hdfs oev [OPTIONS] -i INPUT_FILE -o OUTPUT_FILE

Required command line arguments:

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-i`,`--inputFile` arg	edits file to process, xml (case insensitive) extension means XML format, any other filename means binary format
`-o`,`--outputFile` arg	Name of output file. If the specified file exists, it will be overwritten, format of the file is determined by -p option

Optional command line arguments:

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-f`,`--fix-txids`	Renumber the transaction IDs in the input, so that there are no gaps or invalid transaction IDs.
`-h`,`--help`	Display usage information and exit
`-r`,`--ecover`	When reading binary edit logs, use recovery mode. This will give you the chance to skip corrupt parts of the edit log.
`-p`,`--processor` arg	Select which type of processor to apply against image file, currently supported processors are: binary (native binary format that Hadoop uses), xml (default, XML format), stats (prints statistics about edits file)
`-v`,`--verbose`	More verbose output, prints the input and output filenames, for processors that write to a file, also output to screen. On large image files this will dramatically increase processing time (default is false).

Hadoop offline edits viewer.

`oiv`

Usage: hdfs oiv [OPTIONS] -i INPUT_FILE

Required command line arguments:

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-i`,`--inputFile` arg	edits file to process, xml (case insensitive) extension means XML format, any other filename means binary format

Optional command line arguments:

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-h`,`--help`	Display usage information and exit
`-o`,`--outputFile` arg	Name of output file. If the specified file exists, it will be overwritten, format of the file is determined by -p option
`-p`,`--processor` arg	Select which type of processor to apply against image file, currently supported processors are: binary (native binary format that Hadoop uses), xml (default, XML format), stats (prints statistics about edits file)

Hadoop Offline Image Viewer for newer image files.

`oiv_legacy`

Usage: hdfs oiv_legacy [OPTIONS] -i INPUT_FILE -o OUTPUT_FILE

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-h`,`--help`	Display usage information and exit
`-i`,`--inputFile` arg	edits file to process, xml (case insensitive) extension means XML format, any other filename means binary format
`-o`,`--outputFile` arg	Name of output file. If the specified file exists, it will be overwritten, format of the file is determined by -p option

Hadoop offline image viewer for older versions of Hadoop.

`snapshotDiff`

Usage: hdfs snapshotDiff <path> <fromSnapshot> <toSnapshot>

Determine the difference between HDFS snapshots. See the HDFS Snapshot Documentation for more information.

`version`

Usage: hdfs version

Prints the version.

Administration Commands

Commands useful for administrators of a hadoop cluster.

`balancer`

Usage:

    hdfs balancer
          [-threshold <threshold>]
          [-policy <policy>]
          [-exclude [-f <hosts-file> | <comma-separated list of hosts>]]
          [-include [-f <hosts-file> | <comma-separated list of hosts>]]
          [-blockpools <comma-separated list of blockpool ids>]
          [-idleiterations <idleiterations>]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-policy` <policy>	`datanode` (default): Cluster is balanced if each datanode is balanced. `blockpool`: Cluster is balanced if each block pool in each datanode is balanced.
`-threshold` <threshold>	Percentage of disk capacity. This overwrites the default threshold.
`-exclude -f` <hosts-file> \| <comma-separated list of hosts>	Excludes the specified datanodes from being balanced by the balancer.
`-include -f` <hosts-file> \| <comma-separated list of hosts>	Includes only the specified datanodes to be balanced by the balancer.
`-blockpools` <comma-separated list of blockpool ids>	The balancer will only run on blockpools included in this list.
`-idleiterations` <iterations>	Maximum number of idle iterations before exit. This overwrites the default idleiterations(5).

Runs a cluster balancing utility. An administrator can simply press Ctrl-C to stop the rebalancing process. See Balancer for more details.

Note that the blockpool policy is more strict than the datanode policy.

`cacheadmin`

Usage: hdfs cacheadmin -addDirective -path <path> -pool <pool-name> [-force] [-replication <replication>] [-ttl <time-to-live>]

See the HDFS Cache Administration Documentation for more information.

`crypto`

Usage:

  hdfs crypto -createZone -keyName <keyName> -path <path>
  hdfs crypto -help <command-name>
  hdfs crypto -listZones

See the HDFS Transparent Encryption Documentation for more information.

`datanode`

Usage: hdfs datanode [-regular | -rollback | -rollingupgrade rollback]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-regular`	Normal datanode startup (default).
`-rollback`	Rollback the datanode to the previous version. This should be used after stopping the datanode and distributing the old hadoop version.
`-rollingupgrade` rollback	Rollback a rolling upgrade operation.

Runs a HDFS datanode.

`dfsadmin`

Usage:

    hdfs dfsadmin [GENERIC_OPTIONS]
          [-report [-live] [-dead] [-decommissioning]]
          [-safemode enter | leave | get | wait]
          [-saveNamespace]
          [-rollEdits]
          [-restoreFailedStorage true |false |check]
          [-refreshNodes]
          [-setQuota <quota> <dirname>...<dirname>]
          [-clrQuota <dirname>...<dirname>]
          [-setSpaceQuota <quota> [-storageType <storagetype>] <dirname>...<dirname>]
          [-clrSpaceQuota [-storageType <storagetype>] <dirname>...<dirname>]
          [-finalizeUpgrade]
          [-rollingUpgrade [<query> |<prepare> |<finalize>]]
          [-metasave filename]
          [-refreshServiceAcl]
          [-refreshUserToGroupsMappings]
          [-refreshSuperUserGroupsConfiguration]
          [-refreshCallQueue]
          [-refresh <host:ipc_port> <key> [arg1..argn]]
          [-reconfig <datanode |...> <host:ipc_port> <start |status>]
          [-printTopology]
          [-refreshNamenodes datanodehost:port]
          [-deleteBlockPool datanode-host:port blockpoolId [force]]
          [-setBalancerBandwidth <bandwidth in bytes per second>]
          [-getBalancerBandwidth <datanode_host:ipc_port>]
          [-allowSnapshot <snapshotDir>]
          [-disallowSnapshot <snapshotDir>]
          [-fetchImage <local directory>]
          [-shutdownDatanode <datanode_host:ipc_port> [upgrade]]
          [-getDatanodeInfo <datanode_host:ipc_port>]
          [-triggerBlockReport [-incremental] <datanode_host:ipc_port>]
          [-help [cmd]]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-report` `[-live]` `[-dead]` `[-decommissioning]`	Reports basic filesystem information and statistics, The dfs usage can be different from “du” usage, because it measures raw space used by replication, checksums, snapshots and etc. on all the DNs. Optional flags may be used to filter the list of displayed DataNodes.
`-safemode` enter\|leave\|get\|wait	Safe mode maintenance command. Safe mode is a Namenode state in which it 1. does not accept changes to the name space (read-only) 2. does not replicate or delete blocks. Safe mode is entered automatically at Namenode startup, and leaves safe mode automatically when the configured minimum percentage of blocks satisfies the minimum replication condition. Safe mode can also be entered manually, but then it can only be turned off manually as well.
`-saveNamespace`	Save current namespace into storage directories and reset edits log. Requires safe mode.
`-rollEdits`	Rolls the edit log on the active NameNode.
`-restoreFailedStorage` true\|false\|check	This option will turn on/off automatic attempt to restore failed storage replicas. If a failed storage becomes available again the system will attempt to restore edits and/or fsimage during checkpoint. ‘check’ option will return current setting.
`-refreshNodes`	Re-read the hosts and exclude files to update the set of Datanodes that are allowed to connect to the Namenode and those that should be decommissioned or recommissioned.
`-setQuota` <quota> <dirname>...<dirname>	See HDFS Quotas Guide for the detail.
`-clrQuota` <dirname>...<dirname>	See HDFS Quotas Guide for the detail.
`-setSpaceQuota` <quota> `[-storageType <storagetype>]` <dirname>...<dirname>	See HDFS Quotas Guide for the detail.
`-clrSpaceQuota` `[-storageType <storagetype>]` <dirname>...<dirname>	See HDFS Quotas Guide for the detail.
`-finalizeUpgrade`	Finalize upgrade of HDFS. Datanodes delete their previous version working directories, followed by Namenode doing the same. This completes the upgrade process.
`-rollingUpgrade` [<query>\|<prepare>\|<finalize>]	See Rolling Upgrade document for the detail.
`-metasave` filename	Save Namenode's primary data structures to filename in the directory specified by hadoop.log.dir property. filename is overwritten if it exists. filename will contain one line for each of the following 1. Datanodes heart beating with Namenode 2. Blocks waiting to be replicated 3. Blocks currently being replicated 4. Blocks waiting to be deleted
`-refreshServiceAcl`	Reload the service-level authorization policy file.
`-refreshUserToGroupsMappings`	Refresh user-to-groups mappings.
`-refreshSuperUserGroupsConfiguration`	Refresh superuser proxy groups mappings
`-refreshCallQueue`	Reload the call queue from config.
`-refresh` <host:ipc_port> <key> [arg1..argn]	Triggers a runtime-refresh of the resource specified by <key> on <host:ipc_port>. All other args after are sent to the host.
`-reconfig` <datanode \|...> <host:ipc_port> <start\|status>	Start reconfiguration or get the status of an ongoing reconfiguration. The second parameter specifies the node type. Currently, only reloading DataNode's configuration is supported.
`-printTopology`	Print a tree of the racks and their nodes as reported by the Namenode
`-refreshNamenodes` datanodehost:port	For the given datanode, reloads the configuration files, stops serving the removed block-pools and starts serving new block-pools.
`-deleteBlockPool` datanode-host:port blockpoolId [force]	If force is passed, block pool directory for the given blockpool id on the given datanode is deleted along with its contents, otherwise the directory is deleted only if it is empty. The command will fail if datanode is still serving the block pool. Refer to refreshNamenodes to shutdown a block pool service on a datanode.
`-setBalancerBandwidth` <bandwidth in bytes per second>	Changes the network bandwidth used by each datanode during HDFS block balancing. <bandwidth> is the maximum number of bytes per second that will be used by each datanode. This value overrides the dfs.balance.bandwidthPerSec parameter. NOTE: The new value is not persistent on the DataNode.
`-getBalancerBandwidth` <datanode_host:ipc_port>	Get the network bandwidth(in bytes per second) for the given datanode. This is the maximum network bandwidth used by the datanode during HDFS block balancing.
`-allowSnapshot` <snapshotDir>	Allowing snapshots of a directory to be created. If the operation completes successfully, the directory becomes snapshottable. See the HDFS Snapshot Documentation for more information.
`-disallowSnapshot` <snapshotDir>	Disallowing snapshots of a directory to be created. All snapshots of the directory must be deleted before disallowing snapshots. See the HDFS Snapshot Documentation for more information.
`-fetchImage` <local directory>	Downloads the most recent fsimage from the NameNode and saves it in the specified local directory.
`-shutdownDatanode` <datanode_host:ipc_port> [upgrade]	Submit a shutdown request for the given datanode. See Rolling Upgrade document for the detail.
`-getDatanodeInfo` <datanode_host:ipc_port>	Get the information about the given datanode. See Rolling Upgrade document for the detail.
`-triggerBlockReport` `[-incremental]` <datanode_host:ipc_port>	Trigger a block report for the given datanode. If ‘incremental’ is specified, it will be otherwise, it will be a full block report.
`-help` [cmd]	Displays help for the given command or all commands if none is specified.

Runs a HDFS dfsadmin client.

`haadmin`

Usage:

    hdfs haadmin -checkHealth <serviceId>
    hdfs haadmin -failover [--forcefence] [--forceactive] <serviceId> <serviceId>
    hdfs haadmin -getServiceState <serviceId>
    hdfs haadmin -help <command>
    hdfs haadmin -transitionToActive <serviceId> [--forceactive]
    hdfs haadmin -transitionToStandby <serviceId>

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-checkHealth`	check the health of the given NameNode
`-failover`	initiate a failover between two NameNodes
`-getServiceState`	determine whether the given NameNode is Active or Standby
`-transitionToActive`	transition the state of the given NameNode to Active (Warning: No fencing is done)
`-transitionToStandby`	transition the state of the given NameNode to Standby (Warning: No fencing is done)

See HDFS HA with NFS or HDFS HA with QJM for more information on this command.

`journalnode`

Usage: hdfs journalnode

This comamnd starts a journalnode for use with HDFS HA with QJM.

`mover`

Usage: hdfs mover [-p <files/dirs> | -f <local file name>]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-f` <local file>	Specify a local file containing a list of HDFS files/dirs to migrate.
`-p` <files/dirs>	Specify a space separated list of HDFS files/dirs to migrate.

Runs the data migration utility. See Mover for more details.

Note that, when both -p and -f options are omitted, the default path is the root directory.

`namenode`

Usage:

  hdfs namenode [-backup] |
          [-checkpoint] |
          [-format [-clusterid cid ] [-force] [-nonInteractive] ] |
          [-upgrade [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |
          [-upgradeOnly [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |
          [-rollback] |
          [-rollingUpgrade <rollback |started> ] |
          [-importCheckpoint] |
          [-initializeSharedEdits] |
          [-bootstrapStandby] |
          [-recover [-force] ] |
          [-metadataVersion ]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-backup`	Start backup node.
`-checkpoint`	Start checkpoint node.
`-format` `[-clusterid cid]` `[-force]` `[-nonInteractive]`	Formats the specified NameNode. It starts the NameNode, formats it and then shut it down. -force option formats if the name directory exists. -nonInteractive option aborts if the name directory exists, unless -force option is specified.
`-upgrade` `[-clusterid cid]` [`-renameReserved` <k-v pairs>]	Namenode should be started with upgrade option after the distribution of new Hadoop version.
`-upgradeOnly` `[-clusterid cid]` [`-renameReserved` <k-v pairs>]	Upgrade the specified NameNode and then shutdown it.
`-rollback`	Rollback the NameNode to the previous version. This should be used after stopping the cluster and distributing the old Hadoop version.
`-rollingUpgrade` <rollback\|started>	See Rolling Upgrade document for the detail.
`-importCheckpoint`	Loads image from a checkpoint directory and save it into the current one. Checkpoint dir is read from property fs.checkpoint.dir
`-initializeSharedEdits`	Format a new shared edits dir and copy in enough edit log segments so that the standby NameNode can start up.
`-bootstrapStandby`	Allows the standby NameNode's storage directories to be bootstrapped by copying the latest namespace snapshot from the active NameNode. This is used when first configuring an HA cluster.
`-recover` `[-force]`	Recover lost metadata on a corrupt filesystem. See HDFS User Guide for the detail.
`-metadataVersion`	Verify that configured directories exist, then print the metadata versions of the software and the image.

Runs the namenode. More info about the upgrade and rollback is at Upgrade Rollback.

`nfs3`

Usage: hdfs nfs3

This comamnd starts the NFS3 gateway for use with the HDFS NFS3 Service.

`portmap`

Usage: hdfs portmap

This comamnd starts the RPC portmap for use with the HDFS NFS3 Service.

`secondarynamenode`

Usage: hdfs secondarynamenode [-checkpoint [force]] | [-format] | [-geteditsize]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-checkpoint` [force]	Checkpoints the SecondaryNameNode if EditLog size >= fs.checkpoint.size. If `force` is used, checkpoint irrespective of EditLog size.
`-format`	Format the local storage during startup.
`-geteditsize`	Prints the number of uncheckpointed transactions on the NameNode.

Runs the HDFS secondary namenode. See Secondary Namenode for more info.

`storagepolicies`

Usage: hdfs storagepolicies

Lists out all storage policies. See the HDFS Storage Policy Documentation for more information.

`zkfc`

Usage: hdfs zkfc [-formatZK [-force] [-nonInteractive]]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-formatZK`	Format the Zookeeper instance
`-h`	Display help

This comamnd starts a Zookeeper Failover Controller process for use with HDFS HA with QJM.

Debug Commands

Useful commands to help administrators debug HDFS issues, like validating block files and calling recoverLease.

`verify`

Usage: hdfs debug verify [-meta <metadata-file>] [-block <block-file>]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
`-block` block-file	Optional parameter to specify the absolute path for the block file on the local file system of the data node.
`-meta` metadata-file	Absolute path for the metadata file on the local file system of the data node.

Verify HDFS metadata and block files. If a block file is specified, we will verify that the checksums in the metadata file match the block file.

`recoverLease`

Usage: hdfs debug recoverLease [-path <path>] [-retries <num-retries>]

COMMAND_OPTION	Description
[`-path` path]	HDFS path for which to recover the lease.
[`-retries` num-retries]	Number of times the client will retry calling recoverLease. The default number of retries is 1.

Recover the lease on the specified path. The path must reside on an HDFS filesystem. The default number of retries is 1.