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 <!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "http://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd">

 <document>
   <header>
     <title>WebHDFS REST API</title>
   </header>

   <body>
     <section>
       <title>Document Conventions</title>
 <table>
 <tr><td><code>Monospaced</code></td><td>Used for commands, HTTP request and responses and code blocks.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>&lt;Monospaced&gt;</code></td><td>User entered values.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>[Monospaced]</code></td><td>Optional values.  When the value is not specified, the default value is used.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><em>Italics</em></td><td>Important phrases and words.</td></tr>
 </table>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>Introduction</title>
 <p>
   The HTTP REST API supports the complete FileSystem interface for HDFS.
   The operations and the corresponding FileSystem methods are shown in the next section.
   The Section <a href="#ParameterDictionary">HTTP Query Parameter Dictionary</a> specifies the parameter details
   such as the defaults and the valid values.
 </p>
       <section id="Operations">
         <title>Operations</title>
 <ul>
   <li>HTTP GET
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/open">FileSystem.open</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#GETFILESTATUS"><code>GETFILESTATUS</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getFileStatus">FileSystem.getFileStatus</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#LISTSTATUS"><code>LISTSTATUS</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/listStatus">FileSystem.listStatus</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#GETCONTENTSUMMARY"><code>GETCONTENTSUMMARY</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getContentSummary">FileSystem.getContentSummary</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#GETFILECHECKSUM"><code>GETFILECHECKSUM</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getFileChecksum">FileSystem.getFileChecksum</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#GETHOMEDIRECTORY"><code>GETHOMEDIRECTORY</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getHomeDirectory">FileSystem.getHomeDirectory</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#GETDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>GETDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getDelegationToken">FileSystem.getDelegationToken</a>)
     </li>
   </ul></li>
   <li>HTTP PUT
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/create">FileSystem.create</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#MKDIRS"><code>MKDIRS</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/mkdirs">FileSystem.mkdirs</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/rename">FileSystem.rename</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#SETREPLICATION"><code>SETREPLICATION</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setReplication">FileSystem.setReplication</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#SETOWNER"><code>SETOWNER</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setOwner">FileSystem.setOwner</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#SETPERMISSION"><code>SETPERMISSION</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setPermission">FileSystem.setPermission</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#SETTIMES"><code>SETTIMES</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setTimes">FileSystem.setTimes</a>)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>
         (see DistributedFileSystem.renewDelegationToken)
     </li>
     <li><a href="#CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>
         (see DistributedFileSystem.cancelDelegationToken)
     </li>
   </ul></li>
   <li>HTTP POST
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#APPEND"><code>APPEND</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/append">FileSystem.append</a>)
     </li>
   </ul></li>
   <li>HTTP DELETE
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#DELETE"><code>DELETE</code></a>
         (see <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/delete">FileSystem.delete</a>)
     </li>
   </ul></li>
 </ul>

       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="FsURIvsHTTP_URL">
         <title>FileSystem URIs vs HTTP URLs</title>
 <p>
   The FileSystem scheme of WebHDFS is "<code>webhdfs://</code>".
   A WebHDFS FileSystem URI has the following format.
 </p>
 <source>
   webhdfs://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;HTTP_PORT&gt;/&lt;PATH&gt;
 </source>
 <p>
   The above WebHDFS URI corresponds to the below HDFS URI.
 </p>
 <source>
   hdfs://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;RPC_PORT&gt;/&lt;PATH&gt;
 </source>
 <p>
   In the REST API, the prefix "<code>/webhdfs/v1</code>" is inserted in the path and a query is appended at the end.
   Therefore, the corresponding HTTP URL has the following format.
 </p>
 <source>
   http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;HTTP_PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=...
 </source>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section>
         <title>HDFS Configuration Options</title>
 <p>
   Below are the HDFS configuration options for WebHDFS.
 </p>
 <table>
 <tr><th>Property Name</th><th>Description</th></tr>
 <tr><td><code>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</code></td>
 <td>Enable/disable WebHDFS in Namenodes and Datanodes
 </td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.principal</code></td>
 <td>The HTTP Kerberos principal used by Hadoop-Auth in the HTTP endpoint.
     The HTTP Kerberos principal MUST start with 'HTTP/' per Kerberos
     HTTP SPENGO specification.
 </td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.keytab</code></td>
 <td>The Kerberos keytab file with the credentials for the
     HTTP Kerberos principal used by Hadoop-Auth in the HTTP endpoint.
 </td></tr>
 </table>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section id="Authentication">
       <title>Authentication</title>
 <p>
   When security is <em>off</em>, the authenticated user is the username specified in the <code>user.name</code> query parameter.
   If the <code>user.name</code> parameter is not set,
   the server may either set the authenticated user to a default web user, if there is any, or return an error response.
 </p>
 <p>
   When security is <em>on</em>, authentication is performed by either Hadoop delegation token or Kerberos SPNEGO.
   If a token is set in the <code>delegation</code> query parameter, the authenticated user is the user encoded in the token.
   If the <code>delegation</code> parameter is not set, the user is authenticated by Kerberos SPNEGO.
 </p>
 <p>
 Below are examples using the <code>curl</code> command tool.
 </p>
 <ol>
   <li>
     Authentication when security is off:
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?[user.name=&lt;USER&gt;&amp;]op=..."
     </source>
   </li><li>
     Authentication using Kerberos SPNEGO when security is on:
     <source>
 curl -i --negotiate -u : "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=..."
     </source>
   </li><li>
     Authentication using Hadoop delegation token when security is on:
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?delegation=&lt;TOKEN&gt;&amp;op=..."
     </source>
   </li>
 </ol>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section id="ProxyUsers">
       <title>Proxy Users</title>
 <p>
   When the proxy user feature is enabled, a proxy user <em>P</em> may submit a request on behalf of another user <em>U</em>.
   The username of <em>U</em> must be specified in the <code>doas</code> query parameter unless a delegation token is presented in authentication.
   In such case, the information of both users <em>P</em> and <em>U</em> must be encoded in the delegation token.
 </p>
 <ol>
   <li>
     A proxy request when security is off:
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?[user.name=&lt;USER&gt;&amp;]doas=&lt;USER&gt;&amp;op=..."
     </source>
   </li><li>
     A proxy request using Kerberos SPNEGO when security is on:
     <source>
 curl -i --negotiate -u : "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?doas=&lt;USER&gt;&amp;op=..."
     </source>
   </li><li>
     A proxy request using Hadoop delegation token when security is on:
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?delegation=&lt;TOKEN&gt;&amp;op=..."
     </source>
   </li>
 </ol>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>File and Directory Operations</title>
       <section id="CREATE">
         <title>Create and Write to a File</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Step 1: Submit a HTTP PUT request without automatically following redirects and without sending the file data.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=CREATE
                     [&amp;overwrite=&lt;true|false&gt;][&amp;blocksize=&lt;LONG&gt;][&amp;replication=&lt;SHORT&gt;]
                     [&amp;permission=&lt;OCTAL&gt;][&amp;buffersize=&lt;INT&gt;]"
     </source>
 The request is redirected to a datanode where the file data is to be written:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 307 TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
 Location: http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=CREATE...
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
   <li>Step 2: Submit another HTTP PUT request using the URL in the <code>Location</code> header with the file data to be written.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT -T &lt;LOCAL_FILE&gt; "http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=CREATE..."
     </source>
 The client receives a <code>201 Created</code> response with zero content length
 and the WebHDFS URI of the file in the <code>Location</code> header:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 201 Created
 Location: webhdfs://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/&lt;PATH&gt;
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   <strong>Note</strong> that the reason of having two-step create/append is
   for preventing clients to send out data before the redirect.
   This issue is addressed by the "<code>Expect: 100-continue</code>" header in HTTP/1.1;
   see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec8.html#sec8.2.3">RFC 2616, Section 8.2.3</a>.
   Unfortunately, there are software library bugs (e.g. Jetty 6 HTTP server and Java 6 HTTP client),
   which do not correctly implement "<code>Expect: 100-continue</code>".
   The two-step create/append is a temporary workaround for the software library bugs.
 </p>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#overwrite"><code>overwrite</code></a>,
   <a href="#blocksize"><code>blocksize</code></a>,
   <a href="#replication"><code>replication</code></a>,
   <a href="#permission"><code>permission</code></a>,
   <a href="#buffersize"><code>buffersize</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/create">FileSystem.create</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="APPEND">
         <title>Append to a File</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Step 1: Submit a HTTP POST request without automatically following redirects and without sending the file data.
     <source>
 curl -i -X POST "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=APPEND[&amp;buffersize=&lt;INT&gt;]"
     </source>
 The request is redirected to a datanode where the file data is to be appended:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 307 TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
 Location: http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=APPEND...
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
   <li>Step 2: Submit another HTTP POST request using the URL in the <code>Location</code> header with the file data to be appended.
     <source>
 curl -i -X POST -T &lt;LOCAL_FILE&gt; "http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=APPEND..."
     </source>
 The client receives a response with zero content length:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p><em>
   See the note in the previous section for the description of why this operation requires two steps.
 </em></p>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#buffersize"><code>buffersize</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/append">FileSystem.append</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="OPEN">
         <title>Open and Read a File</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request with automatically following redirects.
     <source>
 curl -i -L "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=OPEN
                     [&amp;offset=&lt;LONG&gt;][&amp;length=&lt;LONG&gt;][&amp;buffersize=&lt;INT&gt;]"
     </source>
 The request is redirected to a datanode where the file data can be read:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 307 TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
 Location: http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=OPEN...
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
 The client follows the redirect to the datanode and receives the file data:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/octet-stream
 Content-Length: 22

 Hello, webhdfs user!
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#offset"><code>offset</code></a>,
   <a href="#length"><code>length</code></a>,
   <a href="#buffersize"><code>buffersize</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/open">FileSystem.open</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="MKDIRS">
         <title>Make a Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
         curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=MKDIRS[&amp;permission=&lt;OCTAL&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#boolean"><code>boolean</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"boolean": true}
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#permission"><code>permission</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/mkdirs">FileSystem.mkdirs</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="RENAME">
         <title>Rename a File/Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=RENAME&amp;destination=&lt;PATH&gt;"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#boolean"><code>boolean</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"boolean": true}
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#destination"><code>destination</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/rename">FileSystem.rename</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="DELETE">
         <title>Delete a File/Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP DELETE request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X DELETE "http://&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;path&gt;?op=DELETE
                               [&amp;recursive=&lt;true|false&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#boolean"><code>boolean</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"boolean": true}
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#recursive"><code>recursive</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/delete">FileSystem.delete</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="GETFILESTATUS">
         <title>Status of a File/Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i  "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=GETFILESTATUS"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#FileStatus"><code>FileStatus</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "FileStatus":
   {
     "accessTime"      : 0,
     "blockSize"       : 0,
     "group"           : "supergroup",
     "length"          : 0,             //in bytes, zero for directories
     "modificationTime": 1320173277227,
     "owner"           : "webuser",
     "pathSuffix"      : "",
     "permission"      : "777",
     "replication"     : 0,
     "type"            : "DIRECTORY"    //enum {FILE, DIRECTORY, SYMLINK}
   }
 }
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getFileStatus">FileSystem.getFileStatus</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="LISTSTATUS">
         <title>List a Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i  "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=LISTSTATUS"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#FileStatuses"><code>FileStatuses</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Content-Length: 427

 {
   "FileStatuses":
   {
     "FileStatus":
     [
       {
         "accessTime"      : 1320171722771,
         "blockSize"       : 33554432,
         "group"           : "supergroup",
         "length"          : 24930,
         "modificationTime": 1320171722771,
         "owner"           : "webuser",
         "pathSuffix"      : "a.patch",
         "permission"      : "644",
         "replication"     : 1,
         "type"            : "FILE"
       },
       {
         "accessTime"      : 0,
         "blockSize"       : 0,
         "group"           : "supergroup",
         "length"          : 0,
         "modificationTime": 1320895981256,
         "owner"           : "szetszwo",
         "pathSuffix"      : "bar",
         "permission"      : "711",
         "replication"     : 0,
         "type"            : "DIRECTORY"
       },
       ...
     ]
   }
 }
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/listStatus">FileSystem.listStatus</a>
 </p>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>Other File System Operations</title>
       <section id="GETCONTENTSUMMARY">
         <title>Get Content Summary of a Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=GETCONTENTSUMMARY"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#ContentSummary"><code>ContentSummary</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "ContentSummary":
   {
     "directoryCount": 2,
     "fileCount"     : 1,
     "length"        : 24930,
     "quota"         : -1,
     "spaceConsumed" : 24930,
     "spaceQuota"    : -1
   }
 }
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getContentSummary">FileSystem.getContentSummary</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="GETFILECHECKSUM">
         <title>Get File Checksum</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=GETFILECHECKSUM"
     </source>
 The request is redirected to a datanode:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 307 TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
 Location: http://&lt;DATANODE&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=GETFILECHECKSUM...
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
 The client follows the redirect to the datanode and receives a <a href="#FileChecksum"><code>FileChecksum</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "FileChecksum":
   {
     "algorithm": "MD5-of-1MD5-of-512CRC32",
     "bytes"    : "eadb10de24aa315748930df6e185c0d ...",
     "length"   : 28
   }
 }
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getFileChecksum">FileSystem.getFileChecksum</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="GETHOMEDIRECTORY">
         <title>Get Home Directory</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/?op=GETHOMEDIRECTORY"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#Path"><code>Path</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"Path": "/user/szetszwo"}
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getHomeDirectory">FileSystem.getHomeDirectory</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="SETPERMISSION">
         <title>Set Permission</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=SETPERMISSION
                               [&amp;permission=&lt;OCTAL&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with zero content length:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#permission"><code>permission</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setPermission">FileSystem.setPermission</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="SETOWNER">
         <title>Set Owner</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=SETOWNER
                               [&amp;owner=&lt;USER&gt;][&amp;group=&lt;GROUP&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with zero content length:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#owner"><code>owner</code></a>,
   <a href="#group"><code>group</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setOwner">FileSystem.setOwner</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="SETREPLICATION">
         <title>Set Replication Factor</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=SETREPLICATION
                               [&amp;replication=&lt;SHORT&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#boolean"><code>boolean</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"boolean": true}
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#replication"><code>replication</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setReplication">FileSystem.setReplication</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="SETTIMES">
         <title>Set Access or Modification Time</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/&lt;PATH&gt;?op=SETTIMES
                               [&amp;modificationtime=&lt;TIME&gt;][&amp;accesstime=&lt;TIME&gt;]"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with zero content length:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#modificationtime"><code>modificationtime</code></a>,
   <a href="#accesstime"><code>accesstime</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/setTimes">FileSystem.setTimes</a>
 </p>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>Delegation Token Operations</title>
       <section id="GETDELEGATIONTOKEN">
         <title>Get Delegation Token</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP GET request.
     <source>
 curl -i "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/?op=GETDELEGATIONTOKEN&amp;renewer=&lt;USER&gt;"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#Token"><code>Token</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "Token":
   {
     "urlString": "JQAIaG9y..."
   }
 }
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#renewer"><code>renewer</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/filesystem/getDelegationToken">FileSystem.getDelegationToken</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN">
         <title>Renew Delegation Token</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/?op=RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN&amp;token=&lt;TOKEN&gt;"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with a <a href="#long"><code>long</code> JSON object</a>:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {"long": 1320962673997}           //the new expiration time
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#token"><code>token</code></a>,
   DistributedFileSystem.renewDelegationToken
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN">
         <title>Cancel Delegation Token</title>
 <ul>
   <li>Submit a HTTP PUT request.
     <source>
 curl -i -X PUT "http://&lt;HOST&gt;:&lt;PORT&gt;/webhdfs/v1/?op=CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN&amp;token=&lt;TOKEN&gt;"
     </source>
 The client receives a response with zero content length:
     <source>
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Length: 0
     </source>
   </li>
 </ul>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#token"><code>token</code></a>,
   DistributedFileSystem.cancelDelegationToken
 </p>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>Error Responses</title>
 <p>
   When an operation fails, the server may throw an exception.
   The JSON schema of error responses is defined in <a href="#RemoteException"><code>RemoteException</code> JSON schema</a>.
   The table below shows the mapping from exceptions to HTTP response codes.
 </p>
       <section>
         <title>HTTP Response Codes</title>
 <table>
 <tr><th>Exceptions</th><th>HTTP Response Codes</th></tr>
 <tr><td><code>IllegalArgumentException     </code></td><td><code>400 Bad Request          </code></td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>UnsupportedOperationException</code></td><td><code>400 Bad Request          </code></td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>SecurityException            </code></td><td><code>401 Unauthorized         </code></td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>IOException                  </code></td><td><code>403 Forbidden            </code></td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>FileNotFoundException        </code></td><td><code>404 Not Found            </code></td></tr>
 <tr><td><code>RumtimeException             </code></td><td><code>500 Internal Server Error</code></td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   Below are examples of exception responses.
 </p>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
         <section>
           <title>Illegal Argument Exception</title>
 <source>
 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "RemoteException":
   {
     "exception"    : "IllegalArgumentException",
     "javaClassName": "java.lang.IllegalArgumentException",
     "message"      : "Invalid value for webhdfs parameter \"permission\": ..."
   }
 }
 </source>
         </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
         <section>
           <title>Security Exception</title>
 <source>
 HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "RemoteException":
   {
     "exception"    : "SecurityException",
     "javaClassName": "java.lang.SecurityException",
     "message"      : "Failed to obtain user group information: ..."
   }
 }
 </source>
         </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
         <section>
           <title>Access Control Exception</title>
 <source>
 HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "RemoteException":
   {
     "exception"    : "AccessControlException",
     "javaClassName": "org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException",
     "message"      : "Permission denied: ..."
   }
 }
 </source>
         </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
         <section>
           <title>File Not Found Exception</title>
 <source>
 HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
 Content-Type: application/json
 Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 {
   "RemoteException":
   {
     "exception"    : "FileNotFoundException",
     "javaClassName": "java.io.FileNotFoundException",
     "message"      : "File does not exist: /foo/a.patch"
   }
 }
 </source>
         </section>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section>
       <title>JSON Schemas</title>
 <p>
 All operations, except for <a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>,
 either return a zero-length response or a JSON response .
 For <a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>, the response is an octet-stream.
 The JSON schemas are shown below.
 See <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-zyp-json-schema-03.html">draft-zyp-json-schema-03</a>
 for the syntax definitions of the JSON schemas.
 </p>
       <section id="boolean">
         <title>Boolean JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "boolean",
   "properties":
   {
     "boolean":
     {
       "description": "A boolean value",
       "type"       : "boolean",
       "required"   : true
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#MKDIRS"><code>MKDIRS</code></a>,
   <a href="#RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>,
   <a href="#DELETE"><code>DELETE</code></a>,
   <a href="#SETREPLICATION"><code>SETREPLICATION</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="ContentSummary">
         <title>ContentSummary JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "ContentSummary",
   "properties":
   {
     "ContentSummary":
     {
       "type"      : "object",
       "properties":
       {
         "directoryCount":
         {
           "description": "The number of directories.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "fileCount":
         {
           "description": "The number of files.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "length":
         {
           "description": "The number of bytes used by the content.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "quota":
         {
           "description": "The namespace quota of this directory.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "spaceConsumed":
         {
           "description": "The disk space consumed by the content.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "spaceQuota":
         {
           "description": "The disk space quota.",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETCONTENTSUMMARY"><code>GETCONTENTSUMMARY</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="FileChecksum">
         <title>FileChecksum JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "FileChecksum",
   "properties":
   {
     "FileChecksum":
     {
       "type"      : "object",
       "properties":
       {
         "algorithm":
         {
           "description": "The name of the checksum algorithm.",
           "type"       : "string",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "bytes":
         {
           "description": "The byte sequence of the checksum in hexadecimal.",
           "type"       : "string",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "length":
         {
           "description": "The length of the bytes (not the length of the string).",
           "type"       : "integer",
           "required"   : true
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETFILECHECKSUM"><code>GETFILECHECKSUM</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="FileStatus">
         <title>FileStatus JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "FileStatus",
   "properties":
   {
     "FileStatus": fileStatusProperties      //See <a href="#fileStatusProperties">FileStatus Properties</a>
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETFILESTATUS"><code>GETFILESTATUS</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/FileStatus">FileStatus</a>
 </p>
       <section id="fileStatusProperties">
         <title>FileStatus Properties</title>
 <p>
   JavaScript syntax is used to define <code>fileStatusProperties</code>
   so that it can be referred in both <code>FileStatus</code> and <code>FileStatuses</code> JSON schemas.
 </p>
 <source>
 var fileStatusProperties =
 {
   "type"      : "object",
   "properties":
   {
     "accessTime":
     {
       "description": "The access time.",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "blockSize":
     {
       "description": "The block size of a file.",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "group":
     {
       "description": "The group owner.",
       "type"       : "string",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "length":
     {
       "description": "The number of bytes in a file.",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "modificationTime":
     {
       "description": "The modification time.",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "owner":
     {
       "description": "The user who is the owner.",
       "type"       : "string",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "pathSuffix":
     {
       "description": "The path suffix.",
       "type"       : "string",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "permission":
     {
       "description": "The permission represented as a octal string.",
       "type"       : "string",
       "required"   : true
     },
     "replication":
     {
       "description": "The number of replication of a file.",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     },
    "symlink":                                         //an optional property
     {
       "description": "The link target of a symlink.",
       "type"       : "string"
     },
    "type":
     {
       "description": "The type of the path object.",
       "enum"       : ["FILE", "DIRECTORY", "SYMLINK"],
       "required"   : true
     }
   }
 };
 </source>
         </section>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="FileStatuses">
         <title>FileStatuses JSON Schema</title>
 <p>
   A <code>FileStatuses</code> JSON object represents an array of <code>FileStatus</code> JSON objects.
 </p>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "FileStatuses",
   "properties":
   {
     "FileStatuses":
     {
       "type"      : "object",
       "properties":
       {
         "FileStatus":
         {
           "description": "An array of FileStatus",
           "type"       : "array",
           "items"      : fileStatusProperties      //See <a href="#fileStatusProperties">FileStatus Properties</a>
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#LISTSTATUS"><code>LISTSTATUS</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/FileStatus">FileStatus</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="long">
         <title>Long JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "long",
   "properties":
   {
     "long":
     {
       "description": "A long integer value",
       "type"       : "integer",
       "required"   : true
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>,
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="Path">
         <title>Path JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "Path",
   "properties":
   {
     "Path":
     {
       "description": "The string representation a Path.",
       "type"       : "string",
       "required"   : true
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETHOMEDIRECTORY"><code>GETHOMEDIRECTORY</code></a>,
   <a href="ext:api/org/apache/hadoop/fs/Path">Path</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="RemoteException">
         <title>RemoteException JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "RemoteException",
   "properties":
   {
     "RemoteException":
     {
       "type"      : "object",
       "properties":
       {
         "exception":
         {
           "description": "Name of the exception",
           "type"       : "string",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "message":
         {
           "description": "Exception message",
           "type"       : "string",
           "required"   : true
         },
         "javaClassName":                                     //an optional property
         {
           "description": "Java class name of the exception",
           "type"       : "string",
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="Token">
         <title>Token JSON Schema</title>
 <source>
 {
   "name"      : "Token",
   "properties":
   {
     "Token":
     {
       "type"      : "object",
       "properties":
       {
         "urlString":
         {
           "description": "A delegation token encoded as a URL safe string.",
           "type"       : "string",
           "required"   : true
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 </source>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>GETDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>,
   the note in <a href="#delegation">Delegation</a>.
 </p>
       </section>
     </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
     <section id="ParameterDictionary">
       <title>HTTP Query Parameter Dictionary</title>
       <section id="accesstime">
         <title>Access Time</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>accesstime</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The access time of a file/directory.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>long</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>-1 (means keeping it unchanged)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>-1 or a timestamp</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#SETTIMES"><code>SETTIMES</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="blocksize">
         <title>Block Size</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>blocksize</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The block size of a file.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>long</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>Specified in the configuration.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>&gt; 0</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="buffersize">
         <title>Buffer Size</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>buffersize</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The size of the buffer used in transferring data.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>int</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>Specified in the configuration.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>&gt; 0</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>,
   <a href="#APPEND"><code>APPEND</code></a>,
   <a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="delegation">
         <title>Delegation</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>delegation</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The delegation token used for authentication.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt;</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>An encoded token.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>See the note below.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   <strong>Note</strong> that delegation tokens are encoded as a URL safe string;
   see <code>encodeToUrlString()</code>
   and <code>decodeFromUrlString(String)</code>
   in <code>org.apache.hadoop.security.token.Token</code> for the details of the encoding.
 </p>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#Authentication">Authentication</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="destination">
         <title>Destination</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>destination</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The destination path used in <a href="#RENAME">RENAME</a>.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>Path</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt; (an invalid path)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>An absolute FileSystem path without scheme and authority.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any path.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="doas">
         <title>Do As</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>doas</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>Allowing a proxy user to do as another user.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>null</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid username.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#ProxyUsers">Proxy Users</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="group">
         <title>Group</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>group</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The name of a group.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt; (means keeping it unchanged)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid group name.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#SETOWNER"><code>SETOWNER</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="length">
         <title>Length</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>length</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The number of bytes to be processed.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>long</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>null (means the entire file)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>&gt;= 0 or null</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="modificationtime">
         <title>Modification Time</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>modificationtime</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The modification time of a file/directory.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>long</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>-1 (means keeping it unchanged)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>-1 or a timestamp</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#SETTIMES"><code>SETTIMES</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="offset">
         <title>Offset</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>offset</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The starting byte position.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>long</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>0</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>&gt;= 0</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#OPEN"><code>OPEN</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="op">
         <title>Op</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>op</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The name of the operation to be executed.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>enum</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>null (an invalid value)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid operation name.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#Operations">Operations</a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="overwrite">
         <title>Overwrite</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>overwrite</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>If a file already exists, should it be overwritten?</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>boolean</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>false</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>true | false</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>true | false</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="owner">
         <title>Owner</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>owner</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The username who is the owner of a file/directory.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt; (means keeping it unchanged)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid username.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#SETOWNER"><code>SETOWNER</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="permission">
         <title>Permission</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>permission</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The permission of a file/directory.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>Octal</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>755</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>0 - 1777</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any radix-8 integer (leading zeros may be omitted.)</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>,
   <a href="#MKDIRS"><code>MKDIRS</code></a>,
   <a href="#SETPERMISSION"><code>SETPERMISSION</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="recursive">
         <title>Recursive</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>recursive</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>Should the operation act on the content in the subdirectories?</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>boolean</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>false</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>true | false</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>true | false</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#RENAME"><code>RENAME</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="renewer">
         <title>Renewer</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>renewer</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The username of the renewer of a delegation token.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt; (means the current user)</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid username.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#GETDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>GETDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="replication">
         <title>Replication</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>replication</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The number of replications of a file.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>short</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>Specified in the configuration.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>&gt; 0</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any integer.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#CREATE"><code>CREATE</code></a>,
   <a href="#SETREPLICATION"><code>SETREPLICATION</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="token">
         <title>Token</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>token</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The delegation token used for the operation.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>&lt;empty&gt;</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>An encoded token.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>See the note in <a href="#delegation">Delegation</a>.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>,
   <a href="#CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN"><code>CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN</code></a>
 </p>
       </section>
 <!-- ***************************************************************************** -->
       <section id="user.name">
         <title>Username</title>
 <table>
   <tr><td>Name</td><td><code>user.name</code></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Description</td><td>The authenticated user; see <a href="#Authentication">Authentication</a>.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Type</td><td>String</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Default Value</td><td>null</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Valid Values</td><td>Any valid username.</td></tr>
   <tr><td>Syntax</td><td>Any string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
   See also:
   <a href="#Authentication">Authentication</a>
 </p>
       </section>
     </section>
   </body>
 </document>