/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.mapred;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Vector;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskController.TaskControllerContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.TaskInProgress;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.server.tasktracker.TTConfig;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.ShellCommandExecutor;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.util.ProcessTree;

class JvmManager {

  public static final Log LOG =
    LogFactory.getLog(JvmManager.class);

  JvmManagerForType mapJvmManager;

  JvmManagerForType reduceJvmManager;
  
  public JvmEnv constructJvmEnv(List<String> setup, Vector<String>vargs,
      File stdout,File stderr,long logSize, File workDir, 
      Map<String,String> env, JobConf conf) {
    return new JvmEnv(setup,vargs,stdout,stderr,logSize,workDir,env,conf);
  }
  
  public JvmManager(TaskTracker tracker) {
    mapJvmManager = new JvmManagerForType(tracker.getMaxCurrentMapTasks(), 
        true, tracker);
    reduceJvmManager = new JvmManagerForType(tracker.getMaxCurrentReduceTasks(),
        false, tracker);
  }
  
  public void stop() {
    mapJvmManager.stop();
    reduceJvmManager.stop();
  }

  public boolean isJvmKnown(JVMId jvmId) {
    if (jvmId.isMapJVM()) {
      return mapJvmManager.isJvmknown(jvmId);
    } else {
      return reduceJvmManager.isJvmknown(jvmId);
    }
  }

  /*
   * Saves pid of the given taskJvm
   */
  void setPidToJvm(JVMId jvmId, String pid) {
    if (jvmId.isMapJVM()) {
      mapJvmManager.jvmIdToPid.put(jvmId, pid);
    }
    else {
      reduceJvmManager.jvmIdToPid.put(jvmId, pid);
    }
  }
  
  /*
   * Returns the pid of the task
   */
  String getPid(TaskRunner t) {
    if (t != null && t.getTask() != null) {
      if (t.getTask().isMapTask()) {
        JVMId id = mapJvmManager.runningTaskToJvm.get(t);
        if (id != null) {
          return mapJvmManager.jvmIdToPid.get(id);
        }
      } else {
        JVMId id = reduceJvmManager.runningTaskToJvm.get(t);
        if (id != null) {
          return reduceJvmManager.jvmIdToPid.get(id);
        }
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
  
  public void launchJvm(TaskRunner t, JvmEnv env) {
    if (t.getTask().isMapTask()) {
      mapJvmManager.reapJvm(t, env);
    } else {
      reduceJvmManager.reapJvm(t, env);
    }
  }

  public TaskInProgress getTaskForJvm(JVMId jvmId)
      throws IOException {
    if (jvmId.isMapJVM()) {
      return mapJvmManager.getTaskForJvm(jvmId);
    } else {
      return reduceJvmManager.getTaskForJvm(jvmId);
    }
  }
  public void taskFinished(TaskRunner tr) {
    if (tr.getTask().isMapTask()) {
      mapJvmManager.taskFinished(tr);
    } else {
      reduceJvmManager.taskFinished(tr);
    }
  }

  public void taskKilled(TaskRunner tr) {
    if (tr.getTask().isMapTask()) {
      mapJvmManager.taskKilled(tr);
    } else {
      reduceJvmManager.taskKilled(tr);
    }
  }

  void dumpStack(TaskRunner tr) {
    if (tr.getTask().isMapTask()) {
      mapJvmManager.dumpStack(tr);
    } else {
      reduceJvmManager.dumpStack(tr);
    }
  }

  public void killJvm(JVMId jvmId) {
    if (jvmId.isMap) {
      mapJvmManager.killJvm(jvmId);
    } else {
      reduceJvmManager.killJvm(jvmId);
    }
  }  

  /**
   * Adds the task's work dir to the cleanup queue of taskTracker for
   * asynchronous deletion of work dir.
   * @param tracker taskTracker
   * @param task    the task whose work dir needs to be deleted
   * @throws IOException
   */
  static void deleteWorkDir(TaskTracker tracker, Task task) throws IOException {
    tracker.getCleanupThread().addToQueue(
        TaskTracker.buildTaskControllerPathDeletionContexts(
          tracker.getLocalFileSystem(),
          tracker.getLocalFiles(tracker.getJobConf(), ""),
          task, true /* workDir */,
          tracker.getTaskController()));
  }

  private static class JvmManagerForType {
    //Mapping from the JVM IDs to running Tasks
    Map <JVMId,TaskRunner> jvmToRunningTask = 
      new HashMap<JVMId, TaskRunner>();
    //Mapping from the tasks to JVM IDs
    Map <TaskRunner,JVMId> runningTaskToJvm = 
      new HashMap<TaskRunner, JVMId>();
    //Mapping from the JVM IDs to Reduce JVM processes
    Map <JVMId, JvmRunner> jvmIdToRunner = 
      new HashMap<JVMId, JvmRunner>();
    //Mapping from the JVM IDs to process IDs
    Map <JVMId, String> jvmIdToPid = 
      new HashMap<JVMId, String>();
    
    int maxJvms;
    boolean isMap;
    
    TaskTracker tracker;
    
    Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

    public JvmManagerForType(int maxJvms, boolean isMap, 
        TaskTracker tracker) {
      this.maxJvms = maxJvms;
      this.isMap = isMap;
      this.tracker = tracker;
    }

    synchronized public void setRunningTaskForJvm(JVMId jvmId, 
        TaskRunner t) {
      jvmToRunningTask.put(jvmId, t);
      runningTaskToJvm.put(t,jvmId);
      jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId).setBusy(true);
    }
    
    synchronized public TaskInProgress getTaskForJvm(JVMId jvmId)
        throws IOException {
      if (jvmToRunningTask.containsKey(jvmId)) {
        //Incase of JVM reuse, tasks are returned to previously launched
        //JVM via this method. However when a new task is launched
        //the task being returned has to be initialized.
        TaskRunner taskRunner = jvmToRunningTask.get(jvmId);
        JvmRunner jvmRunner = jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId);
        Task task = taskRunner.getTaskInProgress().getTask();

        // Initialize task dirs
        TaskControllerContext context =
            new TaskController.TaskControllerContext();
        context.env = jvmRunner.env;
        context.task = task;
        // If we are returning the same task as which the JVM was launched
        // we don't initialize task once again.
        if (!jvmRunner.env.conf.get(JobContext.TASK_ATTEMPT_ID).equals(
            task.getTaskID().toString())) {
          try {
            tracker.getTaskController().initializeTask(context);
          } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.warn("Failed to initialize the new task "
                + task.getTaskID().toString() + " to be given to JVM with id "
                + jvmId);
            throw e;
          }
        }

        return taskRunner.getTaskInProgress();
      }
      return null;
    }
    
    synchronized public boolean isJvmknown(JVMId jvmId) {
      return jvmIdToRunner.containsKey(jvmId);
    }

    synchronized public void taskFinished(TaskRunner tr) {
      JVMId jvmId = runningTaskToJvm.remove(tr);
      if (jvmId != null) {
        jvmToRunningTask.remove(jvmId);
        JvmRunner jvmRunner;
        if ((jvmRunner = jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId)) != null) {
          jvmRunner.taskRan();
        }
      }
    }

    synchronized public void taskKilled(TaskRunner tr) {
      JVMId jvmId = runningTaskToJvm.remove(tr);
      if (jvmId != null) {
        jvmToRunningTask.remove(jvmId);
        killJvm(jvmId);
      }
    }

    synchronized public void killJvm(JVMId jvmId) {
      JvmRunner jvmRunner;
      if ((jvmRunner = jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId)) != null) {
        jvmRunner.kill();
      }
    }
    
    synchronized void dumpStack(TaskRunner tr) {
      JVMId jvmId = runningTaskToJvm.get(tr);
      if (null != jvmId) {
        JvmRunner jvmRunner = jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId);
        if (null != jvmRunner) {
          jvmRunner.dumpChildStacks();
        }
      }
    }

    synchronized public void stop() {
      //since the kill() method invoked later on would remove
      //an entry from the jvmIdToRunner map, we create a
      //copy of the values and iterate over it (if we don't
      //make a copy, we will encounter concurrentModification
      //exception
      List <JvmRunner> list = new ArrayList<JvmRunner>();
      list.addAll(jvmIdToRunner.values());
      for (JvmRunner jvm : list) {
        jvm.kill();
      }
    }
    
    synchronized private void removeJvm(JVMId jvmId) {
      jvmIdToRunner.remove(jvmId);
      jvmIdToPid.remove(jvmId);
    }
    private synchronized void reapJvm( 
        TaskRunner t, JvmEnv env) {
      if (t.getTaskInProgress().wasKilled()) {
        //the task was killed in-flight
        //no need to do the rest of the operations
        return;
      }
      boolean spawnNewJvm = false;
      JobID jobId = t.getTask().getJobID();
      //Check whether there is a free slot to start a new JVM.
      //,or, Kill a (idle) JVM and launch a new one
      //When this method is called, we *must* 
      // (1) spawn a new JVM (if we are below the max) 
      // (2) find an idle JVM (that belongs to the same job), or,
      // (3) kill an idle JVM (from a different job) 
      // (the order of return is in the order above)
      int numJvmsSpawned = jvmIdToRunner.size();
      JvmRunner runnerToKill = null;
      if (numJvmsSpawned >= maxJvms) {
        //go through the list of JVMs for all jobs.
        Iterator<Map.Entry<JVMId, JvmRunner>> jvmIter = 
          jvmIdToRunner.entrySet().iterator();
        
        while (jvmIter.hasNext()) {
          JvmRunner jvmRunner = jvmIter.next().getValue();
          JobID jId = jvmRunner.jvmId.getJobId();
          //look for a free JVM for this job; if one exists then just break
          if (jId.equals(jobId) && !jvmRunner.isBusy() && !jvmRunner.ranAll()){
            setRunningTaskForJvm(jvmRunner.jvmId, t); //reserve the JVM
            LOG.info("No new JVM spawned for jobId/taskid: " + 
                     jobId+"/"+t.getTask().getTaskID() +
                     ". Attempting to reuse: " + jvmRunner.jvmId);
            return;
          }
          //Cases when a JVM is killed: 
          // (1) the JVM under consideration belongs to the same job 
          //     (passed in the argument). In this case, kill only when
          //     the JVM ran all the tasks it was scheduled to run (in terms
          //     of count).
          // (2) the JVM under consideration belongs to a different job and is
          //     currently not busy
          //But in both the above cases, we see if we can assign the current
          //task to an idle JVM (hence we continue the loop even on a match)
          if ((jId.equals(jobId) && jvmRunner.ranAll()) ||
              (!jId.equals(jobId) && !jvmRunner.isBusy())) {
            runnerToKill = jvmRunner;
            spawnNewJvm = true;
          }
        }
      } else {
        spawnNewJvm = true;
      }

      if (spawnNewJvm) {
        if (runnerToKill != null) {
          LOG.info("Killing JVM: " + runnerToKill.jvmId);
          runnerToKill.kill();
        }
        spawnNewJvm(jobId, env, t);
        return;
      }
      //*MUST* never reach this
      throw new RuntimeException("Inconsistent state!!! " +
          "JVM Manager reached an unstable state " +
            "while reaping a JVM for task: " + t.getTask().getTaskID()+
            " " + getDetails());
    }
    
    private String getDetails() {
      StringBuffer details = new StringBuffer();
      details.append("Number of active JVMs:").
              append(jvmIdToRunner.size());
      Iterator<JVMId> jvmIter = 
        jvmIdToRunner.keySet().iterator();
      while (jvmIter.hasNext()) {
        JVMId jvmId = jvmIter.next();
        details.append("\n  JVMId ").
          append(jvmId.toString()).
          append(" #Tasks ran: "). 
          append(jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId).numTasksRan).
          append(" Currently busy? ").
          append(jvmIdToRunner.get(jvmId).busy).
          append(" Currently running: "). 
          append(jvmToRunningTask.get(jvmId).getTask().getTaskID().toString());
      }
      return details.toString();
    }

    private void spawnNewJvm(JobID jobId, JvmEnv env,  
        TaskRunner t) {
      JvmRunner jvmRunner = new JvmRunner(env,jobId);
      jvmIdToRunner.put(jvmRunner.jvmId, jvmRunner);
      //spawn the JVM in a new thread. Note that there will be very little
      //extra overhead of launching the new thread for a new JVM since
      //most of the cost is involved in launching the process. Moreover,
      //since we are going to be using the JVM for running many tasks,
      //the thread launch cost becomes trivial when amortized over all
      //tasks. Doing it this way also keeps code simple.
      jvmRunner.setDaemon(true);
      jvmRunner.setName("JVM Runner " + jvmRunner.jvmId + " spawned.");
      setRunningTaskForJvm(jvmRunner.jvmId, t);
      LOG.info(jvmRunner.getName());
      jvmRunner.start();
    }
    synchronized private void updateOnJvmExit(JVMId jvmId, 
        int exitCode) {
      removeJvm(jvmId);
      TaskRunner t = jvmToRunningTask.remove(jvmId);

      if (t != null) {
        runningTaskToJvm.remove(t);
        if (exitCode != 0) {
          t.setExitCode(exitCode);
        }
        t.signalDone();
      }
    }

    private class JvmRunner extends Thread {
      JvmEnv env;
      volatile boolean killed = false;
      volatile int numTasksRan;
      final int numTasksToRun;
      JVMId jvmId;
      volatile boolean busy = true;
      private ShellCommandExecutor shexec; // shell terminal for running the task
      //context used for starting JVM
      private TaskControllerContext initalContext;
      
      public JvmRunner(JvmEnv env, JobID jobId) {
        this.env = env;
        this.jvmId = new JVMId(jobId, isMap, rand.nextInt());
        this.numTasksToRun = env.conf.getNumTasksToExecutePerJvm();
        LOG.info("In JvmRunner constructed JVM ID: " + jvmId);
      }
      public void run() {
        runChild(env);
      }

      public void runChild(JvmEnv env) {
        initalContext = new TaskControllerContext();
        try {
          env.vargs.add(Integer.toString(jvmId.getId()));
          //Launch the task controller to run task JVM
          initalContext.task = jvmToRunningTask.get(jvmId).getTask();
          initalContext.env = env;
          tracker.getTaskController().launchTaskJVM(initalContext);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
          // do nothing
          // error and output are appropriately redirected
        } finally { // handle the exit code
          shexec = initalContext.shExec;
          if (shexec == null) {
            return;
          }

          kill();

          int exitCode = shexec.getExitCode();
          updateOnJvmExit(jvmId, exitCode);
          LOG.info("JVM : " + jvmId + " exited with exit code " + exitCode
              + ". Number of tasks it ran: " + numTasksRan);
          try {
            // In case of jvm-reuse,
            //the task jvm cleans up the common workdir for every 
            //task at the beginning of each task in the task JVM.
            //For the last task, we do it here.
            if (env.conf.getNumTasksToExecutePerJvm() != 1) {
              deleteWorkDir(tracker, initalContext.task);
            }
          } catch (IOException ie){}
        }
      }

      /** 
       * Kills the process. Also kills its subprocesses if the process(root of subtree
       * of processes) is created using setsid.
       */
      public void kill() {
        if (!killed) {
          killed = true;
          TaskController controller = tracker.getTaskController();
          // Check inital context before issuing a kill to prevent situations
          // where kill is issued before task is launched.
          if (initalContext != null && initalContext.env != null) {
            initalContext.pid = jvmIdToPid.get(jvmId);
            initalContext.sleeptimeBeforeSigkill = tracker.getJobConf()
                .getLong(TTConfig.TT_SLEEP_TIME_BEFORE_SIG_KILL,
                    ProcessTree.DEFAULT_SLEEPTIME_BEFORE_SIGKILL);

            // Destroy the task jvm
            controller.destroyTaskJVM(initalContext);
          } else {
            LOG.info(String.format("JVM Not killed %s but just removed", jvmId
                .toString()));
          }
          removeJvm(jvmId);
        }
      }

      /** Send a signal to the JVM requesting that it dump a stack trace,
       * and wait for a timeout interval to give this signal time to be
       * processed.
       */
      void dumpChildStacks() {
        if (!killed) {
          TaskController controller = tracker.getTaskController();
          // Check inital context before issuing a signal to prevent situations
          // where signal is issued before task is launched.
          if (initalContext != null && initalContext.env != null) {
            initalContext.pid = jvmIdToPid.get(jvmId);
            initalContext.sleeptimeBeforeSigkill = tracker.getJobConf()
                .getLong(TTConfig.TT_SLEEP_TIME_BEFORE_SIG_KILL,
                    ProcessTree.DEFAULT_SLEEPTIME_BEFORE_SIGKILL);

            // signal the task jvm
            controller.dumpTaskStack(initalContext);

            // We're going to kill the jvm with SIGKILL after this,
            // so we should wait for a few seconds first to ensure that
            // the SIGQUIT has time to be processed.
            try {
              Thread.sleep(initalContext.sleeptimeBeforeSigkill);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
              LOG.warn("Sleep interrupted : " +
                  StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
            }
          }
        }
      }

      public void taskRan() {
        busy = false;
        numTasksRan++;
      }
      
      public boolean ranAll() {
        return(numTasksRan == numTasksToRun);
      }
      public void setBusy(boolean busy) {
        this.busy = busy;
      }
      public boolean isBusy() {
        return busy;
      }
    }
  }  
  static class JvmEnv { //Helper class
    List<String> vargs;
    List<String> setup;
    File stdout;
    File stderr;
    File workDir;
    long logSize;
    JobConf conf;
    Map<String, String> env;

    public JvmEnv(List<String> setup, Vector<String> vargs, File stdout, 
        File stderr, long logSize, File workDir, Map<String,String> env,
        JobConf conf) {
      this.setup = setup;
      this.vargs = vargs;
      this.stdout = stdout;
      this.stderr = stderr;
      this.workDir = workDir;
      this.env = env;
      this.conf = conf;
    }
  }
}