/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include "log.h"
#include "move-fd.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "proc-map.h"
#include "user.h"

#include <guacamole/client.h>
#include <guacamole/error.h>
#include <guacamole/parser.h>
#include <guacamole/plugin.h>
#include <guacamole/protocol.h>
#include <guacamole/socket.h>
#include <guacamole/user.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

/**
 * Copies the given array of mimetypes (strings) into a newly-allocated NULL-
 * terminated array of strings. Both the array and the strings within the array
 * are newly-allocated and must be later freed via guacd_free_mimetypes().
 *
 * @param mimetypes
 *     The array of mimetypes to copy.
 *
 * @param count
 *     The number of mimetypes in the given array.
 *
 * @return
 *     A newly-allocated, NULL-terminated array containing newly-allocated
 *     copies of each of the mimetypes provided in the original mimetypes
 *     array.
 */
static char** guacd_copy_mimetypes(char** mimetypes, int count) {

    int i;

    /* Allocate sufficient space for NULL-terminated array of mimetypes */
    char** mimetypes_copy = malloc(sizeof(char*) * (count+1));

    /* Copy each provided mimetype */
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        mimetypes_copy[i] = strdup(mimetypes[i]);

    /* Terminate with NULL */
    mimetypes_copy[count] = NULL;

    return mimetypes_copy;

}

/**
 * Frees the given array of mimetypes, including the space allocated to each
 * mimetype string within the array. The provided array of mimetypes MUST have
 * been allocated with guacd_copy_mimetypes().
 *
 * @param mimetypes
 *     The NULL-terminated array of mimetypes to free. This array MUST have
 *     been previously allocated with guacd_copy_mimetypes().
 */
static void guacd_free_mimetypes(char** mimetypes) {

    char** current_mimetype = mimetypes;

    /* Free all strings within NULL-terminated mimetype array */
    while (*current_mimetype != NULL) {
        free(*current_mimetype);
        current_mimetype++;
    }

    /* Free the array itself, now that its contents have been freed */
    free(mimetypes);

}

/**
 * Handles the initial handshake of a user and all subsequent I/O. This
 * function blocks until the user disconnects.
 *
 * @param user
 *     The user whose handshake and entire Guacamole protocol exchange should
 *     be handled.
 *
 * @return
 *     Zero if the user's Guacamole connection was successfully handled and
 *     the user has disconnected, or non-zero if an error prevented the user's
 *     connection from being handled properly.
 */
static int guacd_handle_user(guac_user* user) {

    guac_socket* socket = user->socket;
    guac_client* client = user->client;

    /* Send args */
    if (guac_protocol_send_args(socket, client->args)
            || guac_socket_flush(socket)) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error sending \"args\" to new user");

        return 1;
    }

    guac_parser* parser = guac_parser_alloc();

    /* Get optimal screen size */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "size")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error reading \"size\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Validate content of size instruction */
    if (parser->argc < 2) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Received \"size\" instruction lacked required arguments.");
        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Parse optimal screen dimensions from size instruction */
    user->info.optimal_width  = atoi(parser->argv[0]);
    user->info.optimal_height = atoi(parser->argv[1]);

    /* If DPI given, set the client resolution */
    if (parser->argc >= 3)
        user->info.optimal_resolution = atoi(parser->argv[2]);

    /* Otherwise, use a safe default for rough backwards compatibility */
    else
        user->info.optimal_resolution = 96;

    /* Get supported audio formats */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "audio")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error reading \"audio\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Store audio mimetypes */
    char** audio_mimetypes = guacd_copy_mimetypes(parser->argv, parser->argc);
    user->info.audio_mimetypes = (const char**) audio_mimetypes;

    /* Get supported video formats */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "video")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error reading \"video\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Store video mimetypes */
    char** video_mimetypes = guacd_copy_mimetypes(parser->argv, parser->argc);
    user->info.video_mimetypes = (const char**) video_mimetypes;

    /* Get supported image formats */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "image")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error reading \"image\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Store image mimetypes */
    char** image_mimetypes = guacd_copy_mimetypes(parser->argv, parser->argc);
    user->info.image_mimetypes = (const char**) image_mimetypes;

    /* Get args from connect instruction */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "connect")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG, "Error reading \"connect\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Acknowledge connection availability */
    guac_protocol_send_ready(socket, client->connection_id);
    guac_socket_flush(socket);

    /* Attempt join */
    if (guac_client_add_user(client, user, parser->argc, parser->argv))
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "User \"%s\" could NOT join connection \"%s\"", user->user_id, client->connection_id);

    /* Begin user connection if join successful */
    else {

        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "User \"%s\" joined connection \"%s\" (%i users now present)",
                user->user_id, client->connection_id, client->connected_users);

        /* Handle user I/O, wait for connection to terminate */
        guacd_user_start(parser, user);

        /* Remove/free user */
        guac_client_remove_user(client, user);
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "User \"%s\" disconnected (%i users remain)", user->user_id, client->connected_users);

    }

    /* Free mimetype lists */
    guacd_free_mimetypes(audio_mimetypes);
    guacd_free_mimetypes(video_mimetypes);
    guacd_free_mimetypes(image_mimetypes);

    guac_parser_free(parser);

    /* Successful disconnect */
    return 0;

}

/**
 * Parameters for the user thread.
 */
typedef struct guacd_user_thread_params {

    /**
     * The process being joined.
     */
    guacd_proc* proc;

    /**
     * The file descriptor of the joining user's socket.
     */
    int fd;

    /**
     * Whether the joining user is the connection owner.
     */
    int owner;

} guacd_user_thread_params;

/**
 * Handles a user's entire connection and socket lifecycle.
 *
 * @param data
 *     A pointer to a guacd_user_thread_params structure describing the user's
 *     associated file descriptor, whether that user is the connection owner
 *     (the first person to join), as well as the process associated with the
 *     connection being joined.
 *
 * @return
 *     Always NULL.
 */
static void* guacd_user_thread(void* data) {

    guacd_user_thread_params* params = (guacd_user_thread_params*) data;
    guacd_proc* proc = params->proc;
    guac_client* client = proc->client;

    /* Get guac_socket for user's file descriptor */
    guac_socket* socket = guac_socket_open(params->fd);
    if (socket == NULL)
        return NULL;

    /* Create skeleton user */
    guac_user* user = guac_user_alloc();
    user->socket = socket;
    user->client = client;
    user->owner  = params->owner;

    /* Handle user connection from handshake until disconnect/completion */
    guacd_handle_user(user);

    /* Stop client and prevent future users if all users are disconnected */
    if (client->connected_users == 0) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Last user of connection \"%s\" disconnected", client->connection_id);
        guacd_proc_stop(proc);
    }

    /* Clean up */
    guac_socket_free(socket);
    guac_user_free(user);
    free(params);

    return NULL;

}

/**
 * Begins a new user connection under a given process, using the given file
 * descriptor. The connection will be managed by a separate and detached thread
 * which is started by this function.
 *
 * @param proc
 *     The process that the user is being added to.
 *
 * @param fd
 *     The file descriptor associated with the user's network connection to
 *     guacd.
 *
 * @param owner
 *     Non-zero if the user is the owner of the connection being joined (they
 *     are the first user to join), or zero otherwise.
 */
static void guacd_proc_add_user(guacd_proc* proc, int fd, int owner) {

    guacd_user_thread_params* params = malloc(sizeof(guacd_user_thread_params));
    params->proc = proc;
    params->fd = fd;
    params->owner = owner;

    /* Start user thread */
    pthread_t user_thread;
    pthread_create(&user_thread, NULL, guacd_user_thread, params);
    pthread_detach(user_thread);

}

/**
 * Starts protocol-specific handling on the given process by loading the client
 * plugin for that protocol. This function does NOT return. It initializes the
 * process with protocol-specific handlers and then runs until the guacd_proc's
 * fd_socket is closed, adding any file descriptors received along fd_socket as
 * new users.
 *
 * @param proc
 *     The process that any new users received along fd_socket should be added
 *     to (after the process has been initialized for the given protocol).
 *
 * @param protocol
 *     The protocol to initialize the given process for.
 */
static void guacd_exec_proc(guacd_proc* proc, const char* protocol) {

    /* Init client for selected protocol */
    if (guac_client_load_plugin(proc->client, protocol)) {

        /* Log error */
        if (guac_error == GUAC_STATUS_NOT_FOUND)
            guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_WARNING,
                    "Support for protocol \"%s\" is not installed", protocol);
        else
            guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Unable to load client plugin");

        guac_client_free(proc->client);
        close(proc->fd_socket);
        free(proc);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* The first file descriptor is the owner */
    int owner = 1;

    /* Add each received file descriptor as a new user */
    int received_fd;
    while ((received_fd = guacd_recv_fd(proc->fd_socket)) != -1) {

        guacd_proc_add_user(proc, received_fd, owner);

        /* Future file descriptors are not owners */
        owner = 0;

    }

    /* Stop and free client */
    guac_client_stop(proc->client);
    guac_client_free(proc->client);

    /* Child is finished */
    close(proc->fd_socket);
    free(proc);
    exit(0);

}

guacd_proc* guacd_create_proc(const char* protocol) {

    int sockets[2];

    /* Open UNIX socket pair */
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sockets) < 0) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Error opening socket pair: %s", strerror(errno));
        return NULL;
    }

    int parent_socket = sockets[0];
    int child_socket = sockets[1];

    /* Allocate process */
    guacd_proc* proc = calloc(1, sizeof(guacd_proc));
    if (proc == NULL) {
        close(parent_socket);
        close(child_socket);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* Associate new client */
    proc->client = guac_client_alloc();
    if (proc->client == NULL) {
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to create client");
        close(parent_socket);
        close(child_socket);
        free(proc);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* Init logging */
    proc->client->log_handler = guacd_client_log;

    /* Fork */
    proc->pid = fork();
    if (proc->pid < 0) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot fork child process: %s", strerror(errno));
        close(parent_socket);
        close(child_socket);
        guac_client_free(proc->client);
        free(proc);
        return NULL;
    }

    /* Child */
    else if (proc->pid == 0) {

        /* Communicate with parent */
        proc->fd_socket = parent_socket;
        close(child_socket);

        /* Start protocol-specific handling */
        guacd_exec_proc(proc, protocol);

    }

    /* Parent */
    else {

        /* Communicate with child */
        proc->fd_socket = child_socket;
        close(parent_socket);

    }

    return proc;

}

void guacd_proc_stop(guacd_proc* proc) {

    /* Signal client to stop */
    guac_client_stop(proc->client);

    /* Shutdown socket - in-progress recvmsg() will not fail otherwise */
    if (shutdown(proc->fd_socket, SHUT_RDWR) == -1)
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to shutdown internal socket for "
                "connection %s. Corresponding process may remain running but "
                "inactive.", proc->client->connection_id);

    /* Clean up our end of the socket */
    close(proc->fd_socket);

}