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<h3>Summary of Investigation</h3>
This document summarizes the results of the investigation into the
allegations of similarity between JBoss code and Geronimo
code.&nbsp;&nbsp; The original allegations are detailed in the <a
 href="http://incubator.apache.org/projects/geronimo/20031031_jboss.pdf">letter</a>
dated October 31, 2003.<br>
<br>
This document attempts to describe and characterize the technical
issues surrounding the allegations.&nbsp; This is not a formal response
by the Apache Software Foundation.<br>
<br>
In the letter there are three named exhibits, A, B and C, and a fourth
similarity that for the purposes of this discussion we will refer to as
Assertion D.<br>
<br>
Specifically, the exhibits :<br>
<ul>
  <li>Exhibit A :&nbsp; The source file
org.apache.geronimo.core.log.XLevel has a "very high degree of
similarity" to
org.jboss.logging.XLevel, and suggest that the Geronimo file is
"derived from the JBoss file".<br>
  </li>
  <li>Exhibit B : The source file
org.apache.geronimo.core.log.PatternParser "appears to be nearly
identical" to
org.jboss.logging.layout.PatternParserX<br>
  </li>
  <li>Exhibit C : The source file
org.apache.geronimo.common.InvocationType is "nearly identical" to
org.jboss.invocation.InvocationType.<br>
  </li>
  <li>"Assertion D", following Exhibit C : The source files
org.jboss.invocation.Invocation
and org.apache.geronimo.common.Invocation are similar.&nbsp; Further,
the architectural concepts of "AsIs", "Transient" and "Marshalled" are
present because of copying of the JBoss code,&nbsp; and that these
concepts are central to the architecture of both JBoss and Geronimo.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Notes</h3>
<ol>
  <li>The source code for Apache Geronimo is accessible via CVS at <a
 href="http://cvs.apache.org/viewcvs/incubator-geronimo/">http://cvs.apache.org/view.cvs/incubator-geronimo/</a>&nbsp;
and all Geronimo code references are relative to this root.</li>
  <li>The source code for JBoss is accessible via CVS at <a
 href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss/src/main/">http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss/src/main/</a>
and all JBoss code references are relative to this root.</li>
  <li>The <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE">Apache
Software License</a> is a business-friendly license that allows others
to take our software and use it as they please, as long as they respect
the terms of our license.&nbsp; This will be important for Exhibits A
and B - the license clearly states that <br>
  </li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-left: 80px;">&nbsp;* 1. Redistributions of source
code must retain the above copyright<br>
&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.<br>
</div>
&nbsp; <br>
<br>
<h3>Summary for Exhibit A</h3>
Exhibit A is concerned with similarity between <a
 href="http://cvs.apache.org/viewcvs/incubator-geronimo/modules/core/src/java/org/apache/geronimo/core/log/Attic/XLevel.java">org.apache.geronimo.core.log.XLevel</a>
and <a
 href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss-common/src/main/org/jboss/logging/XLevel.java">org.jboss.logging.XLevel</a>
rev 1.3.2.1.<br>
<br>
This issue has been <a href="http://www.qos.ch/logging/jboss.html">exhaustively
researched</a> (http://www.qos.ch/logging/jboss.html) by the founder of
the log4j project, Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml;.&nbsp; His summary :<br>
<br>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">"In summary, the source code
incriminated by Exhibit A existed at the Apache Software Foundation at
least 6 months before it made its first appearance at JBoss. Thus, in
relation to this exhibit, I cannot see how JBoss LLC has any valid
claims against the ASF for this particular code. In fact, it appears
that by neglecting to attribute the code and follow the Apache License
for this example, the violation of copyright would be the exact
reverse. "<br>
</div>
<br>
Ceki has traced back the history of the XLevel class, and thus we
claim that the XLevel code originated at the ASF as part of the log4j
project. Thus, we believe that Exhibit A is invalid due to the fact
that the original source of the code in question is copyrighted by the
ASF. <br>
<br>
<h3>Summary for Exhibit B</h3>
Exhibit B in concerned with similarity between <a
 href="http://cvs.apache.org/viewcvs/incubator-geronimo/modules/core/src/java/org/apache/geronimo/core/log/Attic/PatternParser.java?rev=1.1&amp;content-type=text/vnd.viewcvs-markup">org.apache.geronimo.core.log.PatternParser</a>
and&nbsp; <a
 href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss-common/src/main/org/jboss/logging/layout/PatternParserEx.java?rev=1.1.2.1&amp;view=markup">org.jboss.logging.layout.PatternParserEx</a><br>
<br>
According to the same research for Exhibit A by Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml; :<br>
<br>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">"The PatternParserEx class, cited in
Mr. David J. Byer's letter to the ASF, very closely follows the pattern
established MyPatternParser and AppServerPatternParser classes. The
earliest record of this class in JBoss source code repository dates to
September 15th, 2002. Unless JBoss LLC claims that PatternParserEx
predates MyPatternParser or AppServerPatternParser classes found in
log4j, it looks like the JBoss LLC removed the existing Apache
copyright when it based PatternParserEx class on modified versions of
MyPatternParser and AppServerPatternParser. This is prohibited by the
first clause of the Apache Software License.<br>
</div>
<br>
We believe that the claims in Exhibit B are invalid owing to the fact
that the code in
question was based on code in the Apache log4j codebase.<br>
<h3>Summary for Exhibit C</h3>
Exhibit C is concerned with the similarity between
org.apache.geronimo.common.InvocationType and
org.jboss.invocation.InvocationType.&nbsp; The following summary is
based on discussion from the geronimo-dev list.<br>
<br>
The initial version of org.jboss.invocation.InvocationType in the JBoss
CVS repository can be found at the following location:<br>
<br>
<a
 href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss/src/main/org/jboss/invocation/InvocationType.java?rev=1.1&amp;view=markup">http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/jboss/jboss/src/main/org/jboss/invocation/InvocationType.java?rev=1.1&amp;view=markup</a><br>
<br>
This contains a very similar code excerpt to that cited in the letter
from JBoss Group LLC:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType REMOTE =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("REMOTE");<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType LOCAL =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("LOCAL");<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType HOME =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("HOME");<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType LOCALHOME =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("LOCALHOME");<br>
<br>
This code was contributed to the JBoss project by dsundstrom (Dain
Sundstrom) on 7/14/2002. As the original copyright holder, Dain would
be free to contribute this code to Geronimo as well.<br>
<br>
The JBoss version of this code was modified exclusively by dsundstrom
up to and including the 1.3 revision (dated 10/30/2002) in the JBoss
CVS, where the code had evolved to the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType REMOTE =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("REMOTE", false, false);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType LOCAL =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("LOCAL", false, true);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType HOME =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("HOME", true, false);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public static final InvocationType LOCALHOME =<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; new
InvocationType("LOCALHOME", true, true);<br>
<br>
<br>
Dain had the right to contribute to Geronimo the code up to (but not
including) the changes made by Scott or anyone else<br>
<br>
Dain's last rev is<br>
<br>
<a
 href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/jboss/jboss/src/main/org/jboss/invocation/InvocationType.java?content-type=text%2Fplain&amp;rev=1.3">http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/jboss/jboss/src/main/org/jboss/invocation/InvocationType.java?content-type=text%2Fplain&amp;rev=1.3</a><br>
<br>
The latest rev in JBoss is v 1.5, so we need to figure out what
happened between v1.3, which Dain had the right to contribute to the ASF<br>
<br>
JBoss 1.3 :<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; committed by Dain, for which he has the rights to
contribute and re-license here in Geronimo under the ASL<br>
<br>
JBoss v1.3 -&gt; v1.4 :<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Switched from using a static int to a final
static int as the max value for the InvocationType array.&nbsp; We see
the same in the Geronimo code. This is common, accepted practice for
creating constants in Java, and would be suggested by any code
inspector (like Idea or Eclipse).&nbsp; In my opinion, Dain should have
his hand slapped for not doing it this way in the first place.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Switched to a statically allocated array []
rather than an ArrayList for holding the invocationType objects.&nbsp;
This change is in the Geronimo code.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Changed the signature of the InvocationType from
the Dain way (new InvocationType("LOCAL", false, true)) that is in
Geronimo now, to a different way ( new InvocationType("HOME",
2)).&nbsp; Clearly the Geronimo code didn't copy this change.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) Removed&nbsp; two booleans isLocal and isHome,
present in the Dain-contributed 1.3.&nbsp; These variables persist in
the Geronimo version as local and home.&nbsp; This change was not
adopted by Dain for Geronimo.<br>
<br>
Jboss v1.4 -&gt; v1.5 :<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Added a new invocation type 'SERVICE_ENDPOINT', which is
not present in the Geronimo code.&nbsp; I conclude that any changes
between v1.4 and 1.5 of the JBoss code were not co-opted into the
geronimo codebase.<br>
<br>
<br>
Here's my conclusion.&nbsp; I would appreciate commentary :<br>
<br>
Conclusion<br>
==========<br>
<br>
Dain contributed the same code to Geronimo that he contributed to JBoss.<br>
<br>
The only difference between his JBoss contributions, for which he has
complete rights to contribute and relicense elsewhere, is that he
changed the Geronimo implementation to use an array of rather than an
ArrayList to hold the InvocationType objects, and a static final int
'constant' to keep the size of that array rather than a static int
field.<br>
<br>
<h3>Summary of Assertion D</h3>
Assertion D is concerned with the similarity between
org.apache.geronimo.common.Invocation and
org.jboss.invocation.Invocation.&nbsp; Further, the claim is that both
files contain "AsIs", "Transient" and "Marshalled", which are believed
to be JBoss-specific payloads, and thus could only be there via
copying. Further, the Invocation file is central to the JBoss
architecture, and thus copying could have great impact throughout
Geronimo.<br>
<br>
The file org.apache.geronimo.core.service.Invocation currently is a
riff on java.util.Map, namely :<br>
<br>
public interface Invocation {<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object get(InvocationKey key);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void put(InvocationKey key, Object value);<br>
}<br>
<br>
Clearly this can't be what the lawyers are talking about.&nbsp;
However, it used to be, when the code first placed into Geronimo,
slightly different :<br>
<br>
<a
 href="http://cvs.apache.org/viewcvs/incubator-geronimo/modules/core/src/java/org/apache/geronimo/common/Attic/Invocation.java?rev=1.1&amp;content-type=text/vnd.viewcvs-markup">http://cvs.apache.org/viewcvs/incubator-geronimo/modules/core/src/java/org/apache/geronimo/common/Attic/Invocation.java?rev=1.1&amp;content-type=text/vnd.viewcvs-markup</a><br>
<br>
public interface Invocation {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object getMarshal(Object key);<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void putMarshal(Object key, Object value);<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object getAsIs(Object key);<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void putAsIs(Object key, Object value);<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object getTransient(Object key);<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void putTransient(Object key, Object value);<br>
}<br>
<br>
This is still an interface, but dealing with the three notions of
'Marshal', 'AsIs', and 'Transient'.&nbsp; This is what the JBoss Group
LLCs lawyers are referring to.&nbsp; Now, looking at the Invocation
class in JBoss, and looking at the version in their CVS at the time of
the import into Geronimo, 1.10.2.6, there is an implementation of the
same notion in a method - following snipped out for brevity :<br>
<br>
/**<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * Advanced store<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * Here you can pass a TYPE that indicates where to
put the value.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * TRANSIENT: the value is put in a map that WON'T be
passed<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * AS_IS: no need to marshall the value when passed
(use for all JDK<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; java types)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * PAYLOAD: we need to marshall the value as its type
is application specific<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; */<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; public void setValue(Object key, Object value, PayloadKey
type)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if(type == PayloadKey.TRANSIENT)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
transient_payload.put(key,value);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else if(type == PayloadKey.AS_IS)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
as_is_payload.put(key,value);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else if(type == PayloadKey.PAYLOAD)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
payload.put(key,value);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; throw new
IllegalArgumentException("Unknown PayloadKey: " + type);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br>
<br>
It appears that this is a storage class for moving bits through their
invocation/interceptor mechanism, and that they are doing what appears
to be an early optimization by having the caller define via the keytype
if a) the data doesn't need to be marshalled as it's staying put on
this side of the wire (TRANSIENT), b) the data doesn't need to have any
special care and feeding as it's a JDK data type (ASIS), or c) it will
need to be marshalled (PAYLOAD).<br>
<br>
So it's clear to me that the code originally in Geronimo (and now in
the Attic) implemented this *idea* in their interface, moving it
outside of the Invocation implementation and into the interface.&nbsp;
This is an implementation of the idea.<br>
<br>
Now, I guess we have to come back to the code as it exists today in the
o.a.g.core.service package.&nbsp; Repeating for Invocation.java, it is
now much simpler - the Geronimo developers got rid of the 'Asis',
'Marshal' and 'Transient' 'modifiers' on the methods and reduced it to<br>
<br>
public interface Invocation {<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object get(InvocationKey key);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void put(InvocationKey key, Object value);<br>
}<br>
<br>
where<br>
<br>
public interface InvocationKey {<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; boolean isTransient();<br>
}<br>
<br>
so now the idea of declaring something as not going over the wire (my
assumption) is taken care of in the key itself into this map, letting
(I assume again) the endpoint doing the serialization decide if the
element in the map needs to go based on the isTransient() method, and
how marshalled based on the class. <br>
<br>
Summary so far : the original code had an expression of the idea of
'Marshall', 'AsIs' and 'Transient'.&nbsp; Most of the idea was
dropped.&nbsp; All that remains of the idea is letting the caller
declare the data as transient.<br>
<br>
While the JBoss lawyers assert that "the Invocation file is central to
the architecture of both JBoss and Geronimo", we believe that this
claim is invalid&nbsp; because if this notion of AsIs,
Transient and Marshalled was 'central to the architecture', it couldn't
be dropped to the degree that the Geronimo developers did.&nbsp; IOW,
the notions of AsIs and Marshalled are NOT central to the architecture
at all - they don't exist anymore.&nbsp; So to summarize :<br>
<br>
1) The original code in Geronimo (w/ getAsIs()) is not a copy of JBoss
code&nbsp; - it's a different implementation of an idea in the JBoss
implementation.<br>
<br>
2) The current code has thrown out all but the idea that the user of an
Invocation implementation declare that data placed into that
implementation is transient.<br>
<br>
<br>
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