title: “DESCRIBE 语句” weight: 8 type: docs aliases:

  • /dev/table/sql/describe.html

DESCRIBE 语句

DESCRIBE 语句用于描述表或视图的 schema。

执行 DESCRIBE 语句

{{< tabs “describe” >}} {{< tab “Java” >}} 可以使用 TableEnvironment 的 executeSql() 方法执行 DESCRIBE 语句。如果 DESCRIBE 操作执行成功，executeSql() 方法会返回给定表的 schema，否则会抛出异常。

以下示例展示了如何在 TableEnvironment 中执行一条 DESCRIBE 语句。 {{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Scala” >}} 可以使用 TableEnvironment 的 executeSql() 方法执行 DESCRIBE 语句。如果 DESCRIBE 操作执行成功，executeSql() 方法会返回给定表的 schema，否则会抛出异常。

以下示例展示了如何在 TableEnvironment 中执行一条 DESCRIBE 语句。 {{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Python” >}} 可以使用 TableEnvironment 的 execute_sql() 方法执行 DESCRIBE 语句。如果 DESCRIBE 操作执行成功，execute_sql() 方法会返回给定表的 schema，否则会抛出异常。

以下示例展示了如何在 TableEnvironment 中执行一条 DESCRIBE 语句。 {{< /tab >}} {{< tab “SQL CLI” >}}

DESCRIBE 语句可以在 [SQL CLI]({{< ref “docs/dev/table/sqlClient” >}}) 中执行。

以下示例展示了如何在 SQL CLI 中执行一条 DESCRIBE 语句。

{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabs >}}

{{< tabs “a5de1760-e363-4b8d-9d6f-0bacb35b9dcf” >}} {{< tab “Java” >}}

TableEnvironment tableEnv = TableEnvironment.create(...);

// 注册名为 “Orders” 的表
tableEnv.executeSql(
        "CREATE TABLE Orders (" +
        " `user` BIGINT NOT NULl," +
        " product VARCHAR(32)," +
        " amount INT," +
        " ts TIMESTAMP(3)," +
        " ptime AS PROCTIME()," +
        " PRIMARY KEY(`user`) NOT ENFORCED," +
        " WATERMARK FOR ts AS ts - INTERVAL '1' SECONDS" +
        ") with (...)");

// 打印 schema
tableEnv.executeSql("DESCRIBE Orders").print();

// 打印 schema
tableEnv.executeSql("DESC Orders").print();

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Scala” >}}

val tableEnv = TableEnvironment.create(...)

// 注册名为 “Orders” 的表
 tableEnv.executeSql(
        "CREATE TABLE Orders (" +
        " `user` BIGINT NOT NULl," +
        " product VARCHAR(32)," +
        " amount INT," +
        " ts TIMESTAMP(3)," +
        " ptime AS PROCTIME()," +
        " PRIMARY KEY(`user`) NOT ENFORCED," +
        " WATERMARK FOR ts AS ts - INTERVAL '1' SECONDS" +
        ") with (...)")

// 打印 schema
tableEnv.executeSql("DESCRIBE Orders").print()

// 打印 schema
tableEnv.executeSql("DESC Orders").print()

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Python” >}}

table_env = TableEnvironment.create(...)

# 注册名为 “Orders” 的表
table_env.execute_sql( \
        "CREATE TABLE Orders (" 
        " `user` BIGINT NOT NULl," 
        " product VARCHAR(32),"
        " amount INT,"
        " ts TIMESTAMP(3),"
        " ptime AS PROCTIME(),"
        " PRIMARY KEY(`user`) NOT ENFORCED,"
        " WATERMARK FOR ts AS ts - INTERVAL '1' SECONDS"
        ") with (...)");

# 打印 schema
table_env.execute_sql("DESCRIBE Orders").print()

# 打印 schema
table_env.execute_sql("DESC Orders").print()

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “SQL CLI” >}}

Flink SQL> CREATE TABLE Orders (
>  `user` BIGINT NOT NULl,
>  product VARCHAR(32),
>  amount INT,
>  ts TIMESTAMP(3),
>  ptime AS PROCTIME(),
>  PRIMARY KEY(`user`) NOT ENFORCED,
>  WATERMARK FOR ts AS ts - INTERVAL '1' SECONDS
> ) with (
>  ...
> );
[INFO] Table has been created.

Flink SQL> DESCRIBE Orders;

Flink SQL> DESC Orders;

{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabs >}}

上述示例的结果是： {{< tabs “c20da697-b9fc-434b-b7e5-3b51510eee5b” >}} {{< tab “Java” >}}


+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    name |                             type |  null |       key | computed column |                  watermark |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    user |                           BIGINT | false | PRI(user) |                 |                            |
| product |                      VARCHAR(32) |  true |           |                 |                            |
|  amount |                              INT |  true |           |                 |                            |
|      ts |           TIMESTAMP(3) *ROWTIME* |  true |           |                 | `ts` - INTERVAL '1' SECOND |
|   ptime | TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL *PROCTIME* | false |           |      PROCTIME() |                            |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
5 rows in set

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Scala” >}}


+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    name |                             type |  null |       key | computed column |                  watermark |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    user |                           BIGINT | false | PRI(user) |                 |                            |
| product |                      VARCHAR(32) |  true |           |                 |                            |
|  amount |                              INT |  true |           |                 |                            |
|      ts |           TIMESTAMP(3) *ROWTIME* |  true |           |                 | `ts` - INTERVAL '1' SECOND |
|   ptime | TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL *PROCTIME* | false |           |      PROCTIME() |                            |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
5 rows in set

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “Python” >}}


+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    name |                             type |  null |       key | computed column |                  watermark |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
|    user |                           BIGINT | false | PRI(user) |                 |                            |
| product |                      VARCHAR(32) |  true |           |                 |                            |
|  amount |                              INT |  true |           |                 |                            |
|      ts |           TIMESTAMP(3) *ROWTIME* |  true |           |                 | `ts` - INTERVAL '1' SECOND |
|   ptime | TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL *PROCTIME* | false |           |      PROCTIME() |                            |
+---------+----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+
5 rows in set

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab “SQL CLI” >}}


root
 |-- user: BIGINT NOT NULL
 |-- product: VARCHAR(32)
 |-- amount: INT
 |-- ts: TIMESTAMP(3) *ROWTIME*
 |-- ptime: TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL *PROCTIME* AS PROCTIME()
 |-- WATERMARK FOR ts AS `ts` - INTERVAL '1' SECOND
 |-- CONSTRAINT PK_3599338 PRIMARY KEY (user)

{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabs >}}

{{< top >}}

语法

{ DESCRIBE | DESC } [catalog_name.][db_name.]table_name