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| Introduction |
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| 1 入门 |
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| 1.1 背景 |
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| 1.2 需求 |
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| 1.3 架构 |
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| 1.4 用法 |
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| 2 快速启动 |
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| 2.1 依赖 |
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| 2.2 成熟度 |
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| 3 配置 |
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| 3.1 XML配置 |
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| 3.2 属性配置 |
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| 3.3 API配置 |
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| 3.4 注解配置 |
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| 4 示例 |
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| 4.1 启动时检查 |
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| 4.2 集群容错 |
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| 4.3 负载均衡 |
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| 4.4 线程模型 |
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| 4.5 直连提供者 |
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| 4.6 只订阅 |
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| <a href="../demos/只注册.html"> |
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| 4.7 只注册 |
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| </a> |
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| 4.8 静态服务 |
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| 4.9 多协议 |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="../demos/多注册中心.html"> |
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| 4.10 多注册中心 |
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| </a> |
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| 4.11 服务分组 |
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| <a href="../demos/多版本.html"> |
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| 4.13 多版本 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.13" data-path="../demos/分组聚合.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/分组聚合.html"> |
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| 4.14 分组聚合 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.14" data-path="../demos/参数验证.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/参数验证.html"> |
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| 4.15 参数验证 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.15" data-path="../demos/结果缓存.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/结果缓存.html"> |
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| 4.16 结果缓存 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.16" data-path="../demos/泛化引用.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/泛化引用.html"> |
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| 4.17 泛化引用 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.17" data-path="../demos/泛化实现.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/泛化实现.html"> |
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| 4.18 泛化实现 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.18" data-path="../demos/回声测试.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/回声测试.html"> |
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| 4.19 回声测试 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.19" data-path="../demos/上下文信息.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/上下文信息.html"> |
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| 4.20 上下文信息 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.20" data-path="../demos/隐式参数.md"> |
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| <span> |
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| 4.21 隐式参数 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.21" data-path="../demos/异步调用.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/异步调用.html"> |
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| 4.22 异步调用 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.22" data-path="../demos/本地调用.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/本地调用.html"> |
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| 4.23 本地调用 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.23" data-path="../demos/参数回调.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/参数回调.html"> |
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| 4.24 参数回调 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.24" data-path="../demos/事件通知.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/事件通知.html"> |
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| 4.25 事件通知 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.25" data-path="../demos/本地存根.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/本地存根.html"> |
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| 4.26 本地存根 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.26" data-path="../demos/本地伪装.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/本地伪装.html"> |
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| 4.27 本地伪装 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.27" data-path="../demos/延迟暴露.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/延迟暴露.html"> |
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| 4.28 延迟暴露 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.28" data-path="../demos/并发控制.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/并发控制.html"> |
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| 4.29 并发控制 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.29" data-path="../demos/连接控制.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/连接控制.html"> |
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| 4.30 连接控制 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.30" data-path="../demos/延迟连接.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/延迟连接.html"> |
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| 4.31 延迟连接 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.31" data-path="../demos/粘滞连接.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/粘滞连接.html"> |
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| 4.32 粘滞连接 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.32" data-path="../demos/令牌验证.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/令牌验证.html"> |
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| 4.33 令牌验证 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.33" data-path="../demos/路由规则.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/路由规则.html"> |
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| 4.34 路由规则 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.34" data-path="../demos/配置规则.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/配置规则.html"> |
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| 4.35 配置规则 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.35" data-path="../demos/服务降级.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/服务降级.html"> |
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| 4.36 服务降级 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.36" data-path="../demos/优雅停机.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/优雅停机.html"> |
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| 4.37 优雅停机 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.37" data-path="../demos/主机绑定.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/主机绑定.html"> |
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| 4.38 主机绑定 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.38" data-path="../demos/日志适配.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/日志适配.html"> |
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| 4.39 日志适配 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.39" data-path="../demos/访问日志.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/访问日志.html"> |
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| 4.40 访问日志 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.40" data-path="../demos/服务容器.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/服务容器.html"> |
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| 4.41 服务容器 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.41" data-path="../demos/ReferenceConfig缓存.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/ReferenceConfig缓存.html"> |
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| 4.42 Reference Config缓存 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.42" data-path="../demos/分布式事务.html"> |
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| <a href="../demos/分布式事务.html"> |
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| 4.43 分布式事务 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.43" data-path="../reference-apiconf/api.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-apiconf/api.html"> |
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| 5 API参考手册 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| </ul> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/introduction.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/introduction.html"> |
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| 5 schema配置参考手册 |
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| </a> |
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| <ul class="articles"> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-service.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-service.html"> |
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| 5.1 dubbo:service |
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| </a> |
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| |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-reference.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-reference.html"> |
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| 5.2 dubbo:reference |
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| </a> |
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| |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-protocol.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-protocol.html"> |
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| 5.3 dubbo:protocol |
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| </a> |
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| |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-registry.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-registry.html"> |
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| 5.4 dubbo:registry |
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| </a> |
| |
| |
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| </li> |
| |
| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-monitor.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-monitor.html"> |
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| 5.5 dubbo:monitor |
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| </a> |
| |
| |
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| </li> |
| |
| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-application.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-application.html"> |
| |
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| 5.6 dubbo:application |
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| </a> |
| |
| |
| |
| </li> |
| |
| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-module.html"> |
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| <a href="../reference-xmlconf/dubbo-module.html"> |
| |
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| 5.7 dubbo:module |
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| <a href=".." >6.1 dubbo://</a> |
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| <blockquote> |
| <p><img src="../sources/images/check.gif" alt="warning">Dubbo缺省协议采用单一长连接和NIO异步通讯，适合于小数据量大并发的服务调用，以及服务消费者机器数远大于服务提供者机器数的情况。</p> |
| <p><img src="../sources/images/warning-3.gif" alt="warning">Dubbo缺省协议不适合传送大数据量的服务，比如传文件，传视频等，除非请求量很低。</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:protocol</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"dubbo"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"20880"</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>设置默认协议：</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:provider</span> <span class="hljs-attr">protocol</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"dubbo"</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>设置服务协议：</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:service</span> <span class="hljs-attr">protocol</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"dubbo"</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>多端口：</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:protocol</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“dubbo”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“9090”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">server</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“netty”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">client</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“netty”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">codec</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“dubbo”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">serialization</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“hessian2”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">charset</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“UTF-8”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">threadpool</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“fixed”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">threads</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“100”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">queues</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“0”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">iothreads</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“9”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">buffer</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“8192”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">accepts</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“1000”</span> <span class="hljs-attr">payload</span>=<span class="hljs-string">“8388608”</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p><img src="../sources/images/dubbo-protocol.jpg" alt="/user-guide/images/dubbo-protocol.jpg"></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Transporter: mina, netty, grizzy</li> |
| <li>Serialization: dubbo, hessian2, java, json</li> |
| <li>Dispatcher: all, direct, message, execution, connection</li> |
| <li>ThreadPool: fixed, cached</li> |
| </ul> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><img src="../sources/images/check.gif" alt="warning">Dubbo协议缺省每服务每提供者每消费者使用单一长连接，如果数据量较大，可以使用多个连接。</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:protocol</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"dubbo"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">connections</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"2"</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code><dubbo:service connections=”0”></code> 或 <code><dubbo:reference connections=”0”></code> 表示该服务使用JVM共享长连接。(缺省)</li> |
| <li><code><dubbo:service connections=”1”></code> 或 <code><dubbo:reference connections=”1”></code> 表示该服务使用独立长连接。</li> |
| <li><code><dubbo:service connections=”2”></code> 或<code><dubbo:reference connections=”2”></code> 表示该服务使用独立两条长连接。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><img src="../sources/images/check.gif" alt="warning">为防止被大量连接撑挂，可在服务提供方限制大接收连接数，以实现服务提供方自我保护。</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dubbo:protocol</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"dubbo"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">accepts</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"1000"</span> /></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>缺省协议，使用基于mina1.1.7+hessian3.2.1的tbremoting交互。</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>连接个数：单连接</li> |
| <li>连接方式：长连接</li> |
| <li>传输协议：TCP</li> |
| <li>传输方式：NIO异步传输</li> |
| <li>序列化：Hessian二进制序列化</li> |
| <li>适用范围：传入传出参数数据包较小（建议小于100K），消费者比提供者个数多，单一消费者无法压满提供者，尽量不要用dubbo协议传输大文件或超大字符串。</li> |
| <li>适用场景：常规远程服务方法调用</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><strong>为什么要消费者比提供者个数多?</strong></p> |
| <p>因dubbo协议采用单一长连接，假设网络为千兆网卡(1024Mbit=128MByte)，根据测试经验数据每条连接最多只能压满7MByte(不同的环境可能不一样，供参考)，理论上1个服务提供者需要20个服务消费者才能压满网卡。</p> |
| <p><strong>为什么不能传大包?</strong></p> |
| <p>因dubbo协议采用单一长连接，如果每次请求的数据包大小为500KByte，假设网络为千兆网卡(1024Mbit=128MByte)，每条连接最大7MByte(不同的环境可能不一样，供参考)，单个服务提供者的TPS(每秒处理事务数)最大为：128MByte / 500KByte = 262。单个消费者调用单个服务提供者的TPS(每秒处理事务数)最大为：7MByte / 500KByte = 14。如果能接受，可以考虑使用，否则网络将成为瓶颈。</p> |
| <p><strong>为什么采用异步单一长连接?</strong></p> |
| <p>因为服务的现状大都是服务提供者少，通常只有几台机器，而服务的消费者多，可能整个网站都在访问该服务，比如Morgan的提供者只有6台提供者，却有上百台消费者，每天有1.5亿次调用，如果采用常规的hessian服务，服务提供者很容易就被压跨，通过单一连接，保证单一消费者不会压死提供者，长连接，减少连接握手验证等，并使用异步IO，复用线程池，防止C10K问题。</p> |
| <p>(1) 约束：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>参数及返回值需实现Serializable接口</li> |
| <li>参数及返回值不能自定义实现List, Map, Number, Date, Calendar等接口，只能用JDK自带的实现，因为hessian会做特殊处理，自定义实现类中的属性值都会丢失。</li> |
| <li><p>Hessian序列化，只传成员属性值和值的类型，不传方法或静态变量，兼容情况：(由吴亚军提供)</p> |
| <p> 数据通讯 | 情况 | 结果 |
| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
| A->B | 类A多一种 属性（或者说类B少一种 属性）| 不抛异常，A多的那 个属性的值，B没有， 其他正常 |
| A->B | 枚举A多一种 枚举（或者说B少一种 枚举），A使用多 出来的枚举进行传输 | 抛异常 |
| A->B | 枚举A多一种 枚举（或者说B少一种 枚举），A不使用 多出来的枚举进行传输 | 不抛异常，B正常接 收数据 |
| A->B | A和B的属性 名相同，但类型不相同 | 抛异常 |
| A->B | serialId 不相同 | 正常传输</p> |
| <p> 总结：会抛异常的情况：枚举值一边多一种，一边少一种，正好使用了差别的那种，或者属性名相同，类型不同</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>接口增加方法，对客户端无影响，如果该方法不是客户端需要的，客户端不需要重新部署。输入参数和结果集中增加属性，对客户端无影响，如果客户端并不需要新属性，不用重新部署。</p> |
| <p>输入参数和结果集属性名变化，对客户端序列化无影响，但是如果客户端不重新部署，不管输入还是输出，属性名变化的属性值是获取不到的。</p> |
| <p>总结：服务器端和客户端对领域对象并不需要完全一致，而是按照最大匹配原则。</p> |
| <p>(2) 配置：</p> |
| <p><strong>dubbo.properties</strong></p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-sh">dubbo.service.protocol=dubbo |
| </code></pre> |
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