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| 4 示例 |
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| 4.1 启动时检查 |
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| 4.2 集群容错 |
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| 4.3 负载均衡 |
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| 4.4 线程模型 |
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| 4.5 直连提供者 |
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| 4.6 只订阅 |
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| 4.7 只注册 |
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| 4.8 静态服务 |
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| 4.9 多协议 |
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| 4.10 多注册中心 |
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| 4.11 服务分组 |
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| 4.13 多版本 |
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| 4.14 分组聚合 |
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| 4.15 参数验证 |
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| </a> |
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| 4.16 结果缓存 |
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| 4.17 泛化引用 |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.17" data-path="demos/泛化实现.html"> |
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| 4.18 泛化实现 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.18" data-path="demos/回声测试.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/回声测试.html"> |
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| 4.19 回声测试 |
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| </a> |
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| 4.20 上下文信息 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.20" data-path="demos/隐式参数.md"> |
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| 4.21 隐式参数 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.21" data-path="demos/异步调用.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/异步调用.html"> |
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| 4.22 异步调用 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.22" data-path="demos/本地调用.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/本地调用.html"> |
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| 4.23 本地调用 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.23" data-path="demos/参数回调.html"> |
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| 4.24 参数回调 |
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| </a> |
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| 4.25 事件通知 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.25" data-path="demos/本地存根.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/本地存根.html"> |
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| 4.26 本地存根 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.26" data-path="demos/本地伪装.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/本地伪装.html"> |
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| 4.27 本地伪装 |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.27" data-path="demos/延迟暴露.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/延迟暴露.html"> |
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| 4.28 延迟暴露 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.28" data-path="demos/并发控制.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/并发控制.html"> |
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| 4.29 并发控制 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.29" data-path="demos/连接控制.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/连接控制.html"> |
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| 4.30 连接控制 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.30" data-path="demos/延迟连接.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/延迟连接.html"> |
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| 4.31 延迟连接 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.31" data-path="demos/粘滞连接.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/粘滞连接.html"> |
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| 4.32 粘滞连接 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.32" data-path="demos/令牌验证.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/令牌验证.html"> |
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| 4.33 令牌验证 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.33" data-path="demos/路由规则.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/路由规则.html"> |
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| 4.34 路由规则 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.34" data-path="demos/配置规则.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/配置规则.html"> |
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| 4.35 配置规则 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.35" data-path="demos/服务降级.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/服务降级.html"> |
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| 4.36 服务降级 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.36" data-path="demos/优雅停机.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/优雅停机.html"> |
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| 4.37 优雅停机 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.37" data-path="demos/主机绑定.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/主机绑定.html"> |
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| 4.38 主机绑定 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.38" data-path="demos/日志适配.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/日志适配.html"> |
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| 4.39 日志适配 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.39" data-path="demos/访问日志.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/访问日志.html"> |
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| 4.40 访问日志 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.40" data-path="demos/服务容器.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/服务容器.html"> |
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| 4.41 服务容器 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.41" data-path="demos/ReferenceConfig缓存.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/ReferenceConfig缓存.html"> |
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| 4.42 Reference Config缓存 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.42" data-path="demos/分布式事务.html"> |
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| <a href="demos/分布式事务.html"> |
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| 4.43 分布式事务 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.43" data-path="reference-apiconf/api.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-apiconf/api.html"> |
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| 5 API参考手册 |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| </ul> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="reference-xmlconf/introduction.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/introduction.html"> |
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| 5 schema配置参考手册 |
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| </a> |
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| <ul class="articles"> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-service.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-service.html"> |
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| 5.1 dubbo:service |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-reference.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-reference.html"> |
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| 5.2 dubbo:reference |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-protocol.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-protocol.html"> |
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| 5.3 dubbo:protocol |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-registry.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-registry.html"> |
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| 5.4 dubbo:registry |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-monitor.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-monitor.html"> |
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| 5.5 dubbo:monitor |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-application.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-application.html"> |
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| 5.6 dubbo:application |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-module.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-module.html"> |
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| 5.7 dubbo:module |
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| </a> |
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| </li> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.8" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-provider.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-provider.html"> |
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| 5.8 dubbo:provider |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.9" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-consumer.html"> |
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| 5.9 dubbo:consumer |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.10" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-method.html"> |
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| 5.10 dubbo:method |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.11" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-argument.html"> |
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| 5.11 dubbo:argument |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.12" data-path="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-parameter.html"> |
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| <a href="reference-xmlconf/dubbo-parameter.html"> |
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| 5.12 dubbo:parameter |
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| 6 协议参考手册 |
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| 6.1 dubbo:// |
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| </a> |
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| 6.2 rmi// |
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| 6.3 hessian:// |
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| 6.6 thrift:// |
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| 6.8 redis:// |
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| 7 注册中心参考手册 |
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| 7.1 Multicast注册中心 |
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| 7.2 Zookeeper注册中心 |
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| 7.3 Redis注册中心 |
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| 7.4 Simple注册中心 |
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| <a href="." >10 服务化最佳实践</a> |
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| <h4 id="分包">分包</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>建议将服务接口，服务模型，服务异常等均放在API包中，因为服务模型及异常也是API的一部分，同时，这样做也符合分包原则：重用发布等价原则(REP)，共同重用原则(CRP)</li> |
| <li>如果需要，也可以考虑在API包中放置一份spring的引用配置，这样使用方，只需在Spring加载过程中引用此配置即可，配置建议放在模块的包目录下，以免冲突，如：com/alibaba/china/xxx/dubbo-reference.xml</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="粒度">粒度</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务接口尽可能大粒度，每个服务方法应代表一个功能，而不是某功能的一个步骤，否则将面临分布式事务问题，Dubbo暂未提供分布式事务支持。</li> |
| <li>服务接口建议以业务场景为单位划分，并对相近业务做抽象，防止接口数量爆炸</li> |
| <li>不建议使用过于抽象的通用接口，如：Map query(Map)，这样的接口没有明确语义，会给后期维护带来不便。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="版本">版本</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>每个接口都应定义版本号，为后续不兼容升级提供可能，如： <code><dubbo:service interface="com.xxx.XxxService" version="1.0" /></code></li> |
| <li>建议使用两位版本号，因为第三位版本号通常表示兼容升级，只有不兼容时才需要变更服务版本。</li> |
| <li>当不兼容时，先升级一半提供者为新版本，再将消费者全部升为新版本，然后将剩下的一半提供者升为新版本。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="兼容性">兼容性</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务接口增加方法，或服务模型增加字段，可向后兼容，删除方法或删除字段，将不兼容，枚举类型新增字段也不兼容，需通过变更版本号升级。</li> |
| <li>各协议的兼容性不同，参见： <a href="reference-protocol/introduction.html">服务协议</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="枚举值">枚举值</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>如果是完备集，可以用Enum，比如：ENABLE, DISABLE。</li> |
| <li>如果是业务种类，以后明显会有类型增加，不建议用Enum，可以用String代替。</li> |
| <li>如果是在返回值中用了Enum，并新增了Enum值，建议先升级服务消费方，这样服务提供方不会返回新值。</li> |
| <li>如果是在传入参数中用了Enum，并新增了Enum值，建议先升级服务提供方，这样服务消费方不会传入新值。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="序列化">序列化</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>服务参数及返回值建议使用POJO对象，即通过set,get方法表示属性的对象。</li> |
| <li>服务参数及返回值不建议使用接口，因为数据模型抽象的意义不大，并且序列化需要接口实现类的元信息，并不能起到隐藏实现的意图。</li> |
| <li>服务参数及返回值都必需是byValue的，而不能是byRef的，消费方和提供方的参数或返回值引用并不是同一个，只是值相同，Dubbo不支持引用远程对象。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="异常">异常</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>建议使用异常汇报错误，而不是返回错误码，异常信息能携带更多信息，以及语义更友好，</li> |
| <li>如果担心性能问题，在必要时，可以通过override掉异常类的fillInStackTrace()方法为空方法，使其不拷贝栈信息，</li> |
| <li>查询方法不建议抛出checked异常，否则调用方在查询时将过多的try...catch，并且不能进行有效处理，</li> |
| <li>服务提供方不应将DAO或SQL等异常抛给消费方，应在服务实现中对消费方不关心的异常进行包装，否则可能出现消费方无法反序列化相应异常。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="调用">调用</h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li>不要只是因为是Dubbo调用，而把调用Try-Catch起来。Try-Catch应该加上合适的回滚边界上。</li> |
| <li>对于输入参数的校验逻辑在Provider端要有。如有性能上的考虑，服务实现者可以考虑在API包上加上服务Stub类来完成检验。</li> |
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