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<h1 id="tutorial-roll-up">Tutorial: Roll-up</h1>
<p>Apache Druid (incubating) can summarize raw data at ingestion time using a process we refer to as &quot;roll-up&quot;. Roll-up is a first-level aggregation operation over a selected set of columns that reduces the size of stored segments.</p>
<p>This tutorial will demonstrate the effects of roll-up on an example dataset.</p>
<p>For this tutorial, we&#39;ll assume you&#39;ve already downloaded Druid as described in
the <a href="index.html">single-machine quickstart</a> and have it running on your local machine.</p>
<p>It will also be helpful to have finished <a href="../tutorials/tutorial-batch.html">Tutorial: Loading a file</a> and <a href="../tutorials/tutorial-query.html">Tutorial: Querying data</a>.</p>
<h2 id="example-data">Example data</h2>
<p>For this tutorial, we&#39;ll use a small sample of network flow event data, representing packet and byte counts for traffic from a source to a destination IP address that occurred within a particular second.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:35Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9024</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:51Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21133</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:59Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5780</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:02:14Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6289</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:02:29Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">377</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">359971</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:03:29Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10204</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-02T21:33:14Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;7.7.7.7&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;8.8.8.8&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6289</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-02T21:33:45Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;7.7.7.7&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;8.8.8.8&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">93999</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-02T21:35:45Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;7.7.7.7&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;8.8.8.8&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2818</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>A file containing this sample input data is located at <code>quickstart/tutorial/rollup-data.json</code>.</p>
<p>We&#39;ll ingest this data using the following ingestion task spec, located at <code>quickstart/tutorial/rollup-index.json</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;spec&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;dataSchema&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;dataSource&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rollup-tutorial&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;parser&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;parseSpec&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;format&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;json&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;dimensionsSpec&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;dimensions&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;timestampSpec&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;column&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;format&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;iso&quot;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;metricsSpec&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;count&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;count&quot;</span> <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;longSum&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;fieldName&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;packets&quot;</span> <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;longSum&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;fieldName&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bytes&quot;</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;granularitySpec&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;uniform&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;segmentGranularity&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;week&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;queryGranularity&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;minute&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;intervals&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01/2018-01-03&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;rollup&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;ioConfig&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;firehose&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;local&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;baseDir&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;quickstart/tutorial&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;filter&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rollup-data.json&quot;</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;appendToExisting&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;tuningConfig&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;maxRowsPerSegment&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5000000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;maxRowsInMemory&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">25000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">&quot;forceExtendableShardSpecs&quot;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Roll-up has been enabled by setting <code>&quot;rollup&quot; : true</code> in the <code>granularitySpec</code>.</p>
<p>Note that we have <code>srcIP</code> and <code>dstIP</code> defined as dimensions, a longSum metric is defined for the <code>packets</code> and <code>bytes</code> columns, and the <code>queryGranularity</code> has been defined as <code>minute</code>. </p>
<p>We will see how these definitions are used after we load this data.</p>
<h2 id="load-the-example-data">Load the example data</h2>
<p>From the apache-druid-0.14.2-incubating package root, run the following command:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/rollup-index.json
</code></pre></div>
<p>After the script completes, we will query the data.</p>
<h2 id="query-the-example-data">Query the example data</h2>
<p>Let&#39;s run <code>bin/dsql</code> and issue a <code>select * from &quot;rollup-tutorial&quot;;</code> query to see what data was ingested.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>$ bin/dsql
Welcome to dsql, the command-line client <span class="k">for</span> Druid SQL.
Type <span class="s2">&quot;\h&quot;</span> <span class="k">for</span> help.
dsql&gt; <span class="k">select</span> * from <span class="s2">&quot;rollup-tutorial&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
┌──────────────────────────┬────────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ __time │ bytes │ count │ dstIP │ packets │ srcIP │
├──────────────────────────┼────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ <span class="m">35937</span> │ <span class="m">3</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">286</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:02:00.000Z │ <span class="m">366260</span> │ <span class="m">2</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">415</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:03:00.000Z │ <span class="m">10204</span> │ <span class="m">1</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">49</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-02T21:33:00.000Z │ <span class="m">100288</span> │ <span class="m">2</span> │ <span class="m">8</span>.8.8.8 │ <span class="m">161</span> │ <span class="m">7</span>.7.7.7 │
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-02T21:35:00.000Z │ <span class="m">2818</span> │ <span class="m">1</span> │ <span class="m">8</span>.8.8.8 │ <span class="m">12</span> │ <span class="m">7</span>.7.7.7 │
└──────────────────────────┴────────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
Retrieved <span class="m">5</span> rows in <span class="m">1</span>.18s.
dsql&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Let&#39;s look at the three events in the original input data that occurred during <code>2018-01-01T01:01</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:35Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9024</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:51Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21133</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:01:59Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5780</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>These three rows have been &quot;rolled up&quot; into the following row:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>┌──────────────────────────┬────────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ __time │ bytes │ count │ dstIP │ packets │ srcIP │
├──────────────────────────┼────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ <span class="m">35937</span> │ <span class="m">3</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">286</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
└──────────────────────────┴────────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
</code></pre></div>
<p>The input rows have been grouped by the timestamp and dimension columns <code>{timestamp, srcIP, dstIP}</code> with sum aggregations on the metric columns <code>packets</code> and <code>bytes</code>.</p>
<p>Before the grouping occurs, the timestamps of the original input data are bucketed/floored by minute, due to the <code>&quot;queryGranularity&quot;:&quot;minute&quot;</code> setting in the ingestion spec.</p>
<p>Likewise, these two events that occurred during <code>2018-01-01T01:02</code> have been rolled up:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:02:14Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6289</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:02:29Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">377</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">359971</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>┌──────────────────────────┬────────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ __time │ bytes │ count │ dstIP │ packets │ srcIP │
├──────────────────────────┼────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:02:00.000Z │ <span class="m">366260</span> │ <span class="m">2</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">415</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
└──────────────────────────┴────────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
</code></pre></div>
<p>For the last event recording traffic between 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2, no roll-up took place, because this was the only event that occurred during <code>2018-01-01T01:03</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2018-01-01T01:03:29Z&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;srcIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nt">&quot;dstIP&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;2.2.2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;packets&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;bytes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10204</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>┌──────────────────────────┬────────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ __time │ bytes │ count │ dstIP │ packets │ srcIP │
├──────────────────────────┼────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ <span class="m">2018</span>-01-01T01:03:00.000Z │ <span class="m">10204</span> │ <span class="m">1</span> │ <span class="m">2</span>.2.2.2 │ <span class="m">49</span> │ <span class="m">1</span>.1.1.1 │
└──────────────────────────┴────────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
</code></pre></div>
<p>Note that the <code>count</code> metric shows how many rows in the original input data contributed to the final &quot;rolled up&quot; row.</p>
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